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1. 发明授权

US06477544B1 Single instance store for file systems 有权
标题翻译：文件系统的单实例存储
公开(公告)号：US06477544B1
公开(公告)日：2002-11-05
申请号：US09354624
申请日：1999-07-16
申请人： William J. Bolosky , John R. Douceur , Scott M. Cutshall , Richard F. Rashid , Nathan P. Myhrvold , David A. Goebel
发明人： William J. Bolosky , John R. Douceur , Scott M. Cutshall , Richard F. Rashid , Nathan P. Myhrvold , David A. Goebel
IPC分类号： G06F1730
CPC分类号： G06F17/3015 , Y10S707/99931 , Y10S707/99933 , Y10S707/99953
摘要： A method and system for storing the data of files having duplicate content, by maintaining a single instance of the data, and providing logically separate links to the single instance. Files of duplicate content have their data stored in a common store file by a single instance store (SIS) facility, which also converts the original file or files to links to that common store file and creates additional links thereto as needed. The SIS facility may reside above a file system as a filter driver. File system requests directed to the link file (e.g., open, write, read, close and delete) reach the SIS filter, which then transparently handles each request as if the link file was a normal file. To preserve logical separation, writes to a SIS link file are to the link file, and the written portion recorded as dirty. The SIS filter intercepts SIS read requests, and reads clean portions from the common store file and any dirty portions from the link file. When the link file is closed, the common store file also may be closed, and, if the link file has been written, the non-dirtied portions of the link file are filled in with clean data from the common store file, and the link file reconverted to a normal file. Security is provided to prevent unauthorized access to the common store files, as is a volume check facility that repairs any inconsistencies in SIS metadata.
摘要翻译：一种用于通过维护单个数据实例来存储具有重复内容的文件的数据的方法和系统，以及向单一实例提供逻辑上分离的链接。重复内容的文件通过单一实例存储（SIS）设施将其数据存储在公共存储文件中，该设备还将原始文件或文件转换为该通用存储文件的链接，并根据需要创建其他链接。 SIS工具可以作为过滤器驱动程序驻留在文件系统之上。指向链接文件（例如打开，写入，读取，关闭和删除）的文件系统请求到达SIS过滤器，然后透明地处理每个请求，就像链接文件是正常文件一样。为了保留逻辑分隔，对SIS链接文件的写入是链接文件，写入的部分记录为脏。 SIS过滤器拦截SIS读取请求，并从公共存储文件读取干净的部分以及链接文件中的任何脏部分。当链接文件被关闭时，公共存储文件也可以被关闭，并且如果链接文件已被写入，链接文件的非污染部分用来自公共存储文件的干净的数据填充，并且链接文件重新转换为正常文件。提供安全性以防止对公用存储文件的未经授权的访问，以及修复SIS元数据中的任何不一致的卷检查工具。

2. 发明授权

US06389433B1 Method and system for automatically merging files into a single instance store 有权
标题翻译：将文件自动合并到单个实例存储中的方法和系统
公开(公告)号：US06389433B1
公开(公告)日：2002-05-14
申请号：US09354660
申请日：1999-07-16
申请人： William J. Bolosky , John R. Douceur , Scott M. Cutshall
发明人： William J. Bolosky , John R. Douceur , Scott M. Cutshall
IPC分类号： G06F1200
CPC分类号： G06F17/3015 , G06F11/1453 , Y10S707/968 , Y10S707/99931 , Y10S707/99933 , Y10S707/99952 , Y10S707/99953 , Y10S707/99956
摘要： A method and system that operates as a background process automatically identify and merge duplicate files into a single instance files, wherein the duplicate files become independent links to the single instance files. A groveler maintains a database of information about the files on a volume, including a file size and checksum (signature) based on the file contents. The groveler periodically acts in the background to scan the USN log, a log that dynamically records file system activity. New or modified files detected in the USN log are queued as work items, each work item representing a file. The volume may be scanned to add work items to the queue, which takes place initially or when there is a potential problem with the USN log. The groveler periodically removes items from the queue, calculates the signature of the corresponding file contents, and uses the signature and file size to query the database for matching files. The groveler then compares any matching files with the file corresponding to the work item for an exact duplicate, and if found, calls a single instance store facility to merge the files and create independent links to those files.
摘要翻译：作为后台进程运行的方法和系统自动将重复文件识别并合并到单个实例文件中，其中重复文件成为单个实例文件的独立链接。 Groveler维护关于卷上的文件的信息的数据库，包括基于文件内容的文件大小和校验和（签名）。 Groveler定期在后台执行扫描USN日志，该日志是动态记录文件系统活动的日志。在USN日志中检测到的新的或修改的文件被排队为工作项，每个工作项表示一个文件。可以扫描卷以将工作项目添加到队列中，这最初发生或当USN日志存在潜在问题时。 groveler定期从队列中删除项目，计算相应文件内容的签名，并使用签名和文件大小来查询数据库的匹配文件。然后，groveler将任何匹配的文件与与工作项相对应的文件进行比较，如果找到，则调用单个实例存储工具来合并文件，并创建到这些文件的独立链接。

3. 发明授权

US06513051B1 Method and system for backing up and restoring files stored in a single instance store 有权
标题翻译：用于备份和恢复存储在单个实例存储中的文件的方法和系统
公开(公告)号：US06513051B1
公开(公告)日：2003-01-28
申请号：US09356383
申请日：1999-07-16
申请人： William J. Bolosky , Scott M. Cutshall
发明人： William J. Bolosky , Scott M. Cutshall
IPC分类号： G06F1730
CPC分类号： G06F11/1453 , G06F11/1448 , G06F11/1469 , Y10S707/99942 , Y10S707/99943 , Y10S707/99952 , Y10S707/99953 , Y10S707/99955
摘要： A method and system for backing up and restoring single instance store (SIS) files comprising links to common store files. A dynamic link library (DLL) including an interface enables a backup/restore application to properly backup and restore SIS-enabled volumes including SIS links and their corresponding store files. For each link to be backed up, the DLL tracks whether its corresponding common store file has already been identified for backing up to the backup application, such that it is identified only once, whereby only one copy of a common store file is backed up per volume, regardless of the number of additional links pointing thereto. For each link to be restored, the DLL tracks whether its corresponding common store file has already been identified for restoring to the restore application, or is already present on the volume, whereby a common store file for a link file is only restored to a volume only once and if not already present on that volume.
摘要翻译：用于备份和恢复单实例存储（SIS）文件的方法和系统，该文件包括指向公共存储文件的链接。包含接口的动态链接库（DLL）使备份/还原应用程序能够正确备份和还原SIS启用的卷，包括SIS链接及其相应的存储文件。对于要备份的每个链接，DLL会跟踪其相应的公用存储文件是否已被识别以备份到备份应用程序，以便仅识别一次，从而每个备份一个公用存储文件的一个副本音量，而不管指向其的附加链接的数量。对于要还原的每个链接，DLL会跟踪其相应的公用存储文件是否已经被识别以还原到还原应用程序，或者已经存在于卷上，由此链接文件的公用存储文件仅恢复到卷只有一次，如果还没有在该卷上。

4. 发明授权

US6148325A Method and system for protecting shared code and data in a multitasking operating system 失效
标题翻译：在多任务操作系统中保护共享代码和数据的方法和系统
公开(公告)号：US6148325A
公开(公告)日：2000-11-14
申请号：US268442
申请日：1994-06-30
申请人： Michael A. Schmidt , Jonathan G. Thomason , Scott M. Cutshall
发明人： Michael A. Schmidt , Jonathan G. Thomason , Scott M. Cutshall
IPC分类号： G06F9/46 , G06F9/52 , G06F9/00 , G06F9/40
CPC分类号： G06F9/52
摘要： A method and system for protecting shared code and data, in particular, shared system code and data, in a multitasking operating system are provided. The operating system includes a cooperative subsystem and a preemptive subsystem. The cooperative subsystem includes shared system code and data. The method and system include a synchronization mechanism for controlling access to the shared system code and data by threads. Ownership of the synchronization mechanism must be requested and obtained before a cooperatively scheduled thread can execute in the cooperative subsystem. Additionally, ownership of the synchronization mechanism must be requested and obtained before a preemptively scheduled thread can execute the shared system code in the cooperative subsystem. If the synchronization mechanism is already owned, the requesting thread is blocked until ownership is released. Otherwise, the requesting thread is granted ownership. Since no other thread can obtain ownership of the synchronization mechanism while one thread owns the synchronization mechanism, the shared system code and data in the cooperative subsystem is protected.
摘要翻译：提供了一种用于在多任务操作系统中保护共享代码和数据，特别是共享系统代码和数据的方法和系统。操作系统包括协作子系统和抢占子系统。合作子系统包括共享系统代码和数据。该方法和系统包括用于通过线程控制对共享系统代码和数据的访问的同步机制。在协同调度的线程可以在协作子系统中执行之前，必须请求并获得同步机制的所有权。另外，在预先调度的线程可以执行协作子系统中的共享系统代码之前，必须请求并获得同步机制的所有权。如果同步机制已经拥有，请求线程将被阻止，直到所有权被释放。否则，请求线程被授予所有权。由于在一个线程拥有同步机制的情况下，没有其他线程可以获得同步机制的所有权，所以协作子系统中的共享系统代码和数据受到保护。

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