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1. 发明授权

US5642453A Enhancing the nonlinearity of an optical waveguide 失效
标题翻译：提高光波导的非线性
公开(公告)号：US5642453A
公开(公告)日：1997-06-24
申请号：US416718
申请日：1995-06-14
申请人： Walter Margulis , Anne Ingrid Birgitta Lidgard
发明人： Walter Margulis , Anne Ingrid Birgitta Lidgard
IPC分类号： G02B6/26 , G02B6/02 , G02B6/12 , G02B6/28 , G02B6/42 , G02F1/35 , G02F1/365 , H01S3/06 , H01S3/07
CPC分类号： G02B6/2821 , G02F1/365
摘要： An optical device includes a waveguide and a film or layer of a material having highly nonlinear optical characteristics, in particular a semiconductor material. The film is located so close to the waveguide core that the evanescent field of light propagating along the waveguide extends up to the film. In this optical device, the large nonlinear properties of the material influence the optical characteristics of the waveguide. When positioned along a similar D-fiber, the device can be used as a fiber-based, nonlinear coupler controlled by a relatively weak light signal. The same device can be used as an element of a laser and in a number of various other applications.
摘要翻译： PCT No.PCT / SE94 / 00745 Sec。 371 1995年6月14日第 102（e）1995年6月14日PCT PCT 1994年8月15日PCT公布。出版物WO95 / 05617 日期1995年2月23日光学装置包括波导和具有高度非线性光学特性的材料的膜或层，特别是半导体材料。该膜位于如此靠近波导芯的位置，使得沿着波导传播的光的衰减场延伸到膜。在该光学器件中，材料的大的非线性特性影响波导的光学特性。当沿着类似的D光纤定位时，该装置可以用作由相对弱的光信号控制的基于光纤的非线性耦合器。相同的器件可用作激光器的元件以及许多其它应用。

2. 发明申请

US20090169161A1 Method for Changing Refractive Index of an Optical Fiber by Applying a High Voltage Pulse to a Longitudinal Electrode 有权
$Method for Changing Refractive Index of an Optical Fiber by Applying a High Voltage Pulse to a Longitudinal Electrode$
标题翻译：通过向纵向电极施加高电压脉冲来改变光纤的折射率的方法
公开(公告)号：US20090169161A1
公开(公告)日：2009-07-02
申请号：US12226870
申请日：2007-05-08
申请人： Walter Margulis , Harald Knape
发明人： Walter Margulis , Harald Knape
IPC分类号： G02B6/02
CPC分类号： H01S3/0675 , G02F1/0115 , G02F1/0134 , H01S3/06712 , H01S3/06729 , H01S3/1067 , H01S3/107 , H01S3/115
摘要： In one embodiment of the present invention, a method is disclosed of temporarily changing refractive index of an optical fiber containing a longitudinal electrode arranged in the cladding of said fiber along and parallel to the core of the fiber, wherein the change in refractive index is performed by applying a high voltage pulse to said longitudinal electrode, the high voltage pulse including a magnitude of at least 100 volts and a duration sufficiently short to prevent melting of the electrode, such that the electrode thermally expands through ohmic heating without melting and exerts a pressure on the fiber core to induce said temporary change of the refractive index. The method is suitably used for Q-switching a fiber laser.
摘要翻译：在本发明的一个实施例中，公开了一种暂时改变光纤的折射率的方法，该光纤包含纵向电极，布置在所述光纤的包层中并且平行于纤维芯，其中执行折射率的变化通过向所述纵向电极施加高电压脉冲，所述高电压脉冲包括至少100伏的幅度和足够短的持续时间以防止电极熔化，使得电极通过欧姆加热而不熔化并且发挥压力在纤维芯上引起折射率的暂时变化。该方法适用于光纤激光器的Q切换。

3. 发明授权

US5200719A Impedance-matching coupler 失效
标题翻译：阻抗匹配耦合器
公开(公告)号：US5200719A
公开(公告)日：1993-04-06
申请号：US772329
申请日：1991-10-07
申请人： Walter Margulis , Maria C. R. Carvalho
发明人： Walter Margulis , Maria C. R. Carvalho
IPC分类号： H01L31/10 , H01P3/02 , H01P3/08 , H01P5/00 , H01P5/02 , H01S5/00 , H01S5/042 , H03C1/00
CPC分类号： H01P5/028 , H01S5/02276 , H01S5/0427
摘要： A coupling device has a dielectric substrate with at least two joined transmission lines formed thereon. The two transmission lines have a common signal carrying conductor and separate ground plane conducting means. The conductor cross-section and the conductor spacing cross-section are varied along the length of the transmission lines to provide a large change of the characteristic impedance of the coupling device along the line length.
摘要翻译：耦合装置具有其上形成有至少两个连接的传输线的电介质基板。两个传输线具有公共信号承载导体和单独的接地平面导电装置。导体横截面和导体间隔横截面沿传输线的长度变化，以提供耦合装置沿着线路长度的特性阻抗的大的变化。

4. 发明授权

US4693599A Apparatus for measuring light beam characteristics 失效
标题翻译：用于测量光束特性的装置
公开(公告)号：US4693599A
公开(公告)日：1987-09-15
申请号：US837644
申请日：1986-03-05
申请人： Walter Margulis , Wilson Sibbett , William E. Sleat
发明人： Walter Margulis , Wilson Sibbett , William E. Sleat
IPC分类号： G01T1/24 , G01J1/00 , H01L31/02 , H01L31/08 , G01J1/42 , H01L27/14
CPC分类号： H01L31/08
摘要： The spatial or temporal characteristic of a beam of light or other electromagnetic radiation or a beam of sub-atomic particles is measured by an array of detectors. The array comprises the layer 1 of photosensitive material on which there are positioned pairs of electrodes 1a, 2a and 1b, 2b etc., with gaps between the electrodes of a pair. The gaps are spaced apart linearly and the material is chosen so that incident light affects current flow between the electrodes defining a gap. Changes in current flow between the individual pairs of electrodes are measured. For measurement of spatial profile layer 1 has a resistivity which varies linearly with the amplitude of incident light. For measurement of temporal profile the beam is split with the split beams being directed on to the array with different angles of incidence and the material is chosen to have a two-photon conductivity.
摘要翻译：通过一组检测器测量光束或其他电磁辐射或亚原子粒子束的空间或时间特性。该阵列包括感光材料层1，其上设置有一对电极1a，2a和1b，2b等之间的间隔。这些间隙线性地间隔开，并且选择材料使得入射光影响限定间隙的电极之间的电流。测量各对电极之间电流的变化。对于空间分布层1的测量具有随入射光的振幅线性变化的电阻率。为了测量时间曲线，将光束分裂，分束束以不同的入射角被引导到阵列，并且选择材料具有双光子导电性。

5. 发明授权

US07643716B2 Method for changing refractive index of an optical fiber by applying a high voltage pulse to a longitudinal electrode 有权
$Method for changing refractive index of an optical fiber by applying a high voltage pulse to a longitudinal electrode$
标题翻译：通过向纵向电极施加高电压脉冲来改变光纤的折射率的方法
公开(公告)号：US07643716B2
公开(公告)日：2010-01-05
申请号：US12226870
申请日：2007-05-08
申请人： Walter Margulis , Harald Knape
发明人： Walter Margulis , Harald Knape
IPC分类号： G02B6/02
CPC分类号： H01S3/0675 , G02F1/0115 , G02F1/0134 , H01S3/06712 , H01S3/06729 , H01S3/1067 , H01S3/107 , H01S3/115
摘要： In one embodiment of the present invention, a method is disclosed of temporarily changing refractive index of an optical fiber containing a longitudinal electrode arranged in the cladding of said fiber along and parallel to the core of the fiber, wherein the change in refractive index is performed by applying a high voltage pulse to said longitudinal electrode, the high voltage pulse including a magnitude of at least 100 volts and a duration sufficiently short to prevent melting of the electrode, such that the electrode thermally expands through ohmic heating without melting and exerts a pressure on the fiber core to induce said temporary change of the refractive index. The method is suitably used for Q-switching a fiber laser.
摘要翻译：在本发明的一个实施例中，公开了一种暂时改变光纤的折射率的方法，该光纤包含纵向电极，布置在所述光纤的包层中并且平行于纤维芯，其中执行折射率的变化通过向所述纵向电极施加高电压脉冲，所述高电压脉冲包括至少100伏的幅度和足够短的持续时间以防止电极熔化，使得电极通过欧姆加热而不熔化并且发挥压力在纤维芯上引起折射率的暂时变化。该方法适用于光纤激光器的Q切换。

6. 发明授权

US07536876B2 Method for forming a longitudinal solid body within an optical fiber 有权
标题翻译：在光纤内形成纵向固体的方法
公开(公告)号：US07536876B2
公开(公告)日：2009-05-26
申请号：US10481640
申请日：2002-07-02
申请人： Michael Fokine , Lars-Erik Nilsson , Asa Claesson , Laurent Krummenacher , Walter Margulis , Leif Kjellberg
发明人： Michael Fokine , Lars-Erik Nilsson , Asa Claesson , Laurent Krummenacher , Walter Margulis , Leif Kjellberg
IPC分类号： C03B37/023
CPC分类号： G02F1/0115 , C03C25/00 , G02B6/02 , G02B6/105 , G02B6/266 , G02B6/4416 , G02F1/0147 , G02F2201/307
摘要： A method of forming a longitudinal solid body within at least one longitudinal hole formed in an optical fiber, comprising the steps of placing a first end and a portion of the optical fiber in a heating chamber; keeping a second end of said optical fiber outside of the heating chamber; forcing a molten material into the longitudinal hole of the fiber from the first end; and thereupon longitudinally extracting the optical fiber from the heating chamber at a controlled rate. Preferably, the fiber is extracted while molten material is being urged into the fiber.
摘要翻译：在形成在光纤中的至少一个纵向孔内形成纵向固体的方法，包括以下步骤：将光纤的第一端和一部分放置在加热室中; 将所述光纤的第二端保持在加热室外部; 从第一端迫使熔融材料进入纤维纵向孔; 从而以受控的速率从加热室纵向提取光纤。优选地，当熔融材料被推入纤维中时，提取纤维。

7. 发明授权

US06973247B2 Method and device for controlling the refractive index in an optical fiber 有权
$Method and device for controlling the refractive index in an optical fiber$
标题翻译：用于控制光纤中折射率的方法和装置
公开(公告)号：US06973247B2
公开(公告)日：2005-12-06
申请号：US10482304
申请日：2002-07-02
申请人： Michael Fokine , Lars-Erik Nilsson , Åsa Claesson , Walter Margulis , Leif Kjellberg , Hania Arsalane , Pedro Torres
发明人： Michael Fokine , Lars-Erik Nilsson , Åsa Claesson , Walter Margulis , Leif Kjellberg , Hania Arsalane , Pedro Torres
IPC分类号： G02B6/024 , C03C17/00 , C03C25/10 , G02B6/02 , G02B6/10 , G02B6/26 , G02B6/34 , G02B6/44 , G02F1/01 , G02B6/16
CPC分类号： G02B6/02204 , C03C23/009 , C03C25/1063 , C03C25/47 , G02B6/022 , G02B6/105 , G02B6/266 , G02B6/4416 , G02F1/0115 , G02F1/0134 , G02F1/0147 , G02F2201/307
摘要： The invention relates to a method and a device for controlling the refractive index in the core of an optical fiber. According to the invention, an optical fiber is provided with a longitudinal electrode running along the core of the fiber. An electric current is passed through the electrode to induce ohmic heating thereof, causing thermal expansion and consequently a compressing force upon the core of the fiber. This compression of the core leads to induced changes in the refractive index in the direction of the compressing force, and hence induces or alters birefringence in the core.
摘要翻译：本发明涉及一种控制光纤纤芯折射率的方法和装置。根据本发明，光纤设置有沿着光纤的芯线延伸的纵向电极。电流通过电极以引起其欧姆加热，引起热膨胀并因此导致纤维芯上的压缩力。芯的这种压缩导致在压缩力方向上的折射率的诱导变化，并因此诱导或改变芯中的双折射。

8. 发明申请

US20050157993A1 Method and device for controlling the refractive index in an optical fiber 有权
$Method and device for controlling the refractive index in an optical fiber$
标题翻译：用于控制光纤中折射率的方法和装置
公开(公告)号：US20050157993A1
公开(公告)日：2005-07-21
申请号：US10482304
申请日：2002-07-02
申请人： Michael Fokine , Lars-Erik Nilsson , Asa Claesson , Walter Margulis , Leif Kjellberg , Hania Arsalane , Pedro Torres
发明人： Michael Fokine , Lars-Erik Nilsson , Asa Claesson , Walter Margulis , Leif Kjellberg , Hania Arsalane , Pedro Torres
IPC分类号： G02B6/024 , C03C17/00 , C03C25/10 , G02B6/02 , G02B6/10 , G02B6/26 , G02B6/34 , G02B6/44 , G02F1/01
CPC分类号： G02B6/02204 , C03C23/009 , C03C25/1063 , C03C25/47 , G02B6/022 , G02B6/105 , G02B6/266 , G02B6/4416 , G02F1/0115 , G02F1/0134 , G02F1/0147 , G02F2201/307
摘要： PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a polarization control element which may be easily produced and miniaturized and has high reliability. SOLUTION: A core region 11 is a region of a circular shape in cross section disposed at the center of an optical fiber 10 and has a refractive index n1. A clad region 12 is a region disposed around this core region 11 and has a refractive index n2 smaller than the refractive index n1 of the core region 11. A pair of conductive parts 13a and 13b are respectively symmetrical with each other with respect to the optical axis center and are disposed within the clad region 12 over a specified range in a longitudinal direction. When current is passed to a pair of the conductive parts 13a and 13b, respectively, a stress is generated therein and a strain is generated in the core region 11 and the clad region 12. The propagation light propagated in the optical fiber 10 is controlled in the polarization state according to this strain.
摘要翻译：要解决的问题：提供可以容易地制造和小型化并且具有高可靠性的偏振控制元件。解决方案：芯部区域11是设置在光纤10的中心并具有折射率n 1的截面为圆形的区域。包层区域12是围绕该芯区域11设置的区域，其折射率n2小于芯区域11的折射率n 1。一对导电部件13a和13b分别相对于光轴中心彼此对称，并且在纵向方向上在特定范围内设置在包层区域12内。当电流分别传递到一对导电部分13a和13b时，其中产生应力，并且在芯部区域11和包层区域12中产生应变。根据该应变，在光纤10中传播的传播光被控制在偏振状态。

9. 发明授权

US07348865B2 Impedance-matching coupler 有权
标题翻译：阻抗匹配耦合器
公开(公告)号：US07348865B2
公开(公告)日：2008-03-25
申请号：US10548267
申请日：2003-03-07
申请人： Maria Carvalho , Luiz Conrado , Luciene Demenicis , Walter Margulis , Daniele Seixas
发明人： Maria Carvalho , Luiz Conrado , Luciene Demenicis , Walter Margulis , Daniele Seixas
IPC分类号： H03H7/38
CPC分类号： H01P5/02
摘要： An impedance-matching coupler (1) comprises a dielectric substrate (10) onto which a conducting strip (12) is disposed. A dielectric layer (14), preferably a dielectric film, is formed on top of the conducting strip and the first dielectric layer to encircle the conducting strip. A metallic layer (16, 18) is finally provided on top of the dielectric layer. The dielectric layer has a dielectric constant that is substantially higher that the dielectric constant for the dielectric substrate, preferably more than ten times higher. A dielectric film with a thickness of less than 100 μm is advantageous, preferably between 5 and 100 μm, and even more preferably between 10 and 70 μm. The thickness of the dielectric substrate is preferably larger than for the dielectric film, preferably more than ten time larger. The conducting strip has preferably a constant width. The dielectric film thickness is preferably larger than 10% of the conducting strip width.
摘要翻译：阻抗匹配耦合器（1）包括电介质基板（10），导电条（12）设置在电介质基板上。介电层（14），最好是电介质膜，形成在导电条和第一介电层的顶部，以环绕导电条。金属层（16,18）最终设置在电介质层的顶部。电介质层的介电常数比电介质基片的介电常数高得多，优选高10倍以上。厚度小于100μm的电介质膜是有利的，优选在5至100μm之间，甚至更优选在10至70μm之间。电介质基板的厚度优选大于电介质膜的厚度，优选大于十倍以上。导电带优选具有恒定的宽度。电介质膜厚度优选大于导电带宽度的10％。

10. 发明申请

US20060226930A1 Impedance-matching coupler 有权
标题翻译：阻抗匹配耦合器
公开(公告)号：US20060226930A1
公开(公告)日：2006-10-12
申请号：US10548267
申请日：2003-03-07
申请人： Maria Carvalho , Luiz Conrado , Luciene Dememocos , Walter Margulis , Daniele Seixas
发明人： Maria Carvalho , Luiz Conrado , Luciene Dememocos , Walter Margulis , Daniele Seixas
IPC分类号： H01P5/02
CPC分类号： H01P5/02
摘要： An impedance-matching coupler (1) comprises a dielectric substrate (10) onto which a conducting strip (12) is disposed. A dielectric layer (14), preferably a dielectric film, is formed on top of the conducting strip and the first dielectric layer to encircle the conducting strip. A metallic layer (16, 18) is finally provided on top of the dielectric layer. The dielectric layer has a dielectric constant that is substantially higher that the dielectric constant for the dielectric substrate, preferably more than ten times higher. A dielectric film with a thickness of less than 100 μm is advantageous, preferably between 5 and 100 μm, and even more preferably between 10 and 70 μm. The thickness of the dielectric substrate is preferably larger than for the dielectric film, preferably more than ten time larger. The conducting strip has preferably a constant width. The dielectric film thickness is preferably larger than 10% of the conducting strip width.
摘要翻译：阻抗匹配耦合器（1）包括电介质基板（10），导电条（12）设置在电介质基板上。介电层（14），最好是电介质膜，形成在导电条和第一介电层的顶部，以环绕导电条。金属层（16,18）最终设置在电介质层的顶部。电介质层的介电常数比电介质基片的介电常数高得多，优选高10倍以上。厚度小于100μm的电介质膜是有利的，优选在5至100μm之间，甚至更优选在10至70μm之间。电介质基板的厚度优选大于电介质膜的厚度，优选大于十倍以上。导电带优选具有恒定的宽度。电介质膜厚度优选大于导电带宽度的10％。

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