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1. 发明授权

US08424324B2 Refrigerant evaporators with pulse-electrothermal defrosting 有权
标题翻译：具有脉冲电热除霜的制冷剂蒸发器
公开(公告)号：US08424324B2
公开(公告)日：2013-04-23
申请号：US12613299
申请日：2009-11-05
申请人： Victor F. Petrenko , Fedor F. Petrenko
发明人： Victor F. Petrenko , Fedor F. Petrenko
IPC分类号： F25D21/06 , F25B39/02
CPC分类号： F25D21/08 , F25B39/02
摘要： An pulse electro thermal defrost evaporator system has multiple refrigerant tubes formed from an electrically conductive metal and connected in parallel for refrigerant flow. These tubes are, however, connected electrically in series. A controller is capable of detecting ice accumulation and connecting the tubes to a source of electrical power for deicing when it is necessary to deice the tubes. Embodiments having a manifold having multiple conductive sections insulated from each other are disclosed for coupling tubes electrically in series. Alternative embodiments with a single, long, wide-bore, tube are disclosed, as are embodiments having an evaporating pan coupled in series or parallel with the tubes, and embodiments with thermal cutoff and electrical safety interlocks.
摘要翻译：脉冲电热除霜蒸发器系统具有由导电金属形成并且并联连接用于制冷剂流动的多个制冷剂管。然而，这些管串联电连接。控制器能够检测冰积聚并将管连接到用于除冰的电源以用于除冰管。公开了具有彼此绝缘的多个导电部分的歧管的实施例，用于串联电耦合管。公开了具有单个，长的，宽孔的管的替代实施例，其中具有与管串联或平行耦合的蒸发盘的实施例以及具有热切断和电安全互锁的实施例。

2. 发明授权

US07038125B2 Low-frequency de-icing of cableways 失效
公开(公告)号：US07038125B2
公开(公告)日：2006-05-02
申请号：US10056163
申请日：2002-01-24
申请人： Victor F. Petrenko , Charles R. Sullivan
发明人： Victor F. Petrenko , Charles R. Sullivan
IPC分类号： H02G7/00
CPC分类号： H05B6/62 , B60S1/026 , B60S1/3805 , B82Y30/00 , E01C11/265 , E01D19/00 , H05B3/00 , H05B3/56 , H05B3/84 , H05B2214/02
摘要： Low-frequency AC power in a range of about from 50 to 200 Hz flows through a cableway, providing 5 to 100 watts per meter of cableway. Through separate connections to a power bus, a cableway is electrically divided into branches of a parallel circuit that use low voltage to heat. A transformer connected to each branch transforms high-voltage low amperage current to low-voltage high amperage current.

3. 发明授权

US07227110B2 Prevention of ice formation by applying electric power to a liquid water layer 失效
标题翻译：通过向液态水层施加电力来防止形成冰
公开(公告)号：US07227110B2
公开(公告)日：2007-06-05
申请号：US10984475
申请日：2004-11-09
申请人： Victor F. Petrenko
发明人： Victor F. Petrenko
IPC分类号： H05B6/70
CPC分类号： H05B6/62 , B60S1/026 , B60S1/3805 , B63J99/00 , B64D15/12 , B64D15/163 , B82Y30/00 , E01C11/265 , E01D19/00 , H05B3/347 , H05B3/56 , H05B3/84 , H05B2203/006 , H05B2203/009 , H05B2203/016 , H05B2203/017 , H05B2214/02
摘要： A first electrode is separated from a second electrode by an interelectrode space. The interelectrode space does not exceed 3 mm, and preferably does not exceed 100 μm. Liquid water fills the interelectrode space, thereby electrically connecting the first electrode and the second electrode. A power supply, preferably low-frequency AC, is connected to the first and second electrodes, generating a current through the water in the interelectrode space. The applied electric power prevents freezing of a thin liquid water layer in the interelectrode space, thereby preventing ice formation.
摘要翻译：第一电极通过电极间空间与第二电极分离。电极间距离不超过3毫米，优选不超过100毫米。液体水填充电极间空间，从而电连接第一电极和第二电极。电源，优选地是低频AC，连接到第一和第二电极，产生电流通过电极间空间中的水。所施加的电力防止电极间空间中的薄液体水层的冻结，从而防止冰层形成。

4. 发明授权

US07164100B2 High-frequency de-icing of cableways 失效
标题翻译：缆索高频除冰
公开(公告)号：US07164100B2
公开(公告)日：2007-01-16
申请号：US10057859
申请日：2002-01-24
申请人： Victor F. Petrenko , Charles R. Sullivan
发明人： Victor F. Petrenko , Charles R. Sullivan
IPC分类号： H05B3/00
CPC分类号： H05B6/62 , B60S1/026 , B60S1/3805 , B82Y30/00 , E01C11/265 , E01D19/00 , H05B3/00 , H05B3/56 , H05B3/84 , H05B2214/02
摘要： High-frequency AC voltage with a frequency in a range of from 60 to 100 kHz supplied from a power source at 3 to 15 kV is applied to an electrical conductor within about 30 cm of a cableway. The high-frequency AC voltage generates an alternating electric field. Capacitive AC current associated with the alternating electric field flows through the ice on the cableway and on the electrical conductor, causing dielectric loss heat that melts the ice.
摘要翻译：从电源3至15 kV提供的频率范围为60至100 kHz的高频交流电压施加到索道约30厘米范围内的电导体。高频交流电压产生交变电场。与交变电场相关的电容性AC电流流过索道和电导体上的冰，导致熔融冰的介电损耗热。

5. 发明授权

US07138599B2 Plasma-based de-icing 失效
公开(公告)号：US07138599B2
公开(公告)日：2006-11-21
申请号：US10043752
申请日：2002-01-09
申请人： Victor F. Petrenko
发明人： Victor F. Petrenko
IPC分类号： B23K10/00
CPC分类号： H05B6/62 , B60S1/026 , B60S1/3805 , B82Y30/00 , E01C11/265 , E01D19/00 , H05B3/00 , H05B3/56 , H05B3/84 , H05B2214/02
摘要： An electrical conductor and a gas-filled layer are located at or near the surface of an object being deiced. The conductor carries an AC voltage that generates an alternating electric field in the gas-filled layer. A conductive layer increases the electric field strength in the gas-filled layer between the electrical conductor and the conductive layer. The alternating electric field causes electric breakdown of gas and plasma-formation in the gas-filled layer. The plasma absorbs energy released during electric discharge through the plasma, which heats ice, causing it to melt. The alternating electric field typically has a field strength in a range of about from 1 to 100 kV/cm. The AC voltage typically has an amplitude in a range of about from 10 kV to 1300 kV, and a frequency in a range of about from 50 Hz to 1 MHz. The gas-filled layer includes a plasma-forming gas selected from, among others, air, nitrogen and argon.

6. 发明授权

US06847024B2 Prevention of ice formation by applying electric power to a liquid water layer 有权
标题翻译：通过向液态水层施加电力来防止形成冰
公开(公告)号：US06847024B2
公开(公告)日：2005-01-25
申请号：US09970555
申请日：2001-10-04
申请人： Victor F. Petrenko
发明人： Victor F. Petrenko
IPC分类号： B60S1/02 , B60S1/38 , B63J99/00 , B64D15/00 , B64D15/12 , B64D15/16 , E01C11/26 , E01D19/00 , H05B3/34 , H05B3/56 , H05B3/84 , H05B6/62 , H05B6/70
CPC分类号： H05B6/62 , B60S1/026 , B60S1/3805 , B63J99/00 , B64D15/12 , B64D15/163 , B82Y30/00 , E01C11/265 , E01D19/00 , H05B3/347 , H05B3/56 , H05B3/84 , H05B2203/006 , H05B2203/009 , H05B2203/016 , H05B2203/017 , H05B2214/02
摘要： A first electrode is separated from a second electrode by an interelectrode space. The interelectrode space does not exceed 3 mm, and preferably does not exceed 100 μm. Liquid water fills the interelectrode space, thereby electrically connecting the first electrode and the second electrode. A power supply, preferably low-frequency AC, is connected to the first and second electrodes, generating a current through the water in the interelectrode space. The applied electric power prevents freezing of a thin liquid water layer in the interelectrode space, thereby preventing ice formation.
摘要翻译：第一电极通过电极间空间与第二电极分离。电极间距离不超过3毫米，优选不超过100毫米。液体水填充电极间空间，从而电连接第一电极和第二电极。电源，优选地是低频AC，连接到第一和第二电极，产生电流通过电极间空间中的水。所施加的电力防止电极间空间中的薄液体水层的冻结，从而防止冰层形成。

7. 发明授权

US08931296B2 System and method for energy-saving inductive heating of evaporators and other heat-exchangers 有权
标题翻译：蒸发器和其他热交换器的节能感应加热系统和方法
公开(公告)号：US08931296B2
公开(公告)日：2015-01-13
申请号：US12953271
申请日：2010-11-23
申请人： Victor F. Petrenko , Cheng Chen , Fedor V. Petrenko
发明人： Victor F. Petrenko , Cheng Chen , Fedor V. Petrenko
IPC分类号： F25D21/08 , F28D1/047 , F24D19/00 , F24H1/10 , F28F1/32 , F28F17/00 , H05B3/02 , H05B3/42 , F25B39/02 , F28D21/00 , F28G13/00
CPC分类号： F25D21/08 , F24D19/0095 , F24H1/105 , F25B39/02 , F28D1/0477 , F28D2021/0071 , F28F1/32 , F28F17/00 , F28G13/005 , H05B3/023 , H05B3/42
摘要： A novel fins-on-tubes type evaporator/heat exchanger system that is optimized for energy-saving inductive heating thereof by configuring it to increasing its resistance to a value at which the system's reactance at its working frequency is comparable to its electrical resistance. The system includes a set of tubes configured for flow of cooling material therethrough, and also includes a set of fins positioned and disposed perpendicular to, and along, the tubes, in such a way that at least a portion of the fins comprises longitudinal excisions therein.
摘要翻译：一种新型的翅片式管式蒸发器/热交换器系统，其优化用于通过将其设置为提高其在其工作频率处的系统电抗与其电阻相当的值的阻力来节能感应加热。该系统包括一组管子，其构造成用于通过其中的冷却材料的流动，并且还包括一组翅片，其被定位并垂直于管并沿其布置，使得至少一部分翅片包括其中的纵向切口。

8. 发明申请

US20110259880A1 MECHANICAL SCRAPER SYSTEM WITH SYNCHRONIZED PULSE ELECTROTHERMAL DEICING 审中-公开
标题翻译：具有同步脉冲电热检测的机械刮刀系统
公开(公告)号：US20110259880A1
公开(公告)日：2011-10-27
申请号：US12961797
申请日：2010-12-07
申请人： Victor F. Petrenko , Charles Sullivan
发明人： Victor F. Petrenko , Charles Sullivan
IPC分类号： H05B6/04 , H05B1/00
CPC分类号： H05B3/84 , H05B1/0236 , H05B6/105 , H05B2214/02
摘要： A mechanical scraper with synchronized pulse electrothermal deicing includes a heating element that is coupled to a power supply and that is operable to convert power from the power supply into heating energy. A controller controls the magnitude and duration in which power is applied to the heating element, such that only an interfacial layer of ice at an ice-object interface is disrupted for a sufficient period of time to allow the scraper to move or remove the dislodged ice/snow. A scraper then works over the surface to be deiced, thus removing the ice before the interfacial layer re-freezes. Another method of the present invention electromagnetically induces current at the ice-to-object interface, to melt interfacial ice, using coils and a high frequency power supply disposed proximal to the scraper.
摘要翻译：具有同步脉冲电热除冰的机械刮刀包括耦合到电源并且可操作以将来自电源的电力转换成加热能量的加热元件。控制器控制向加热元件施加电力的大小和持续时间，使得仅在冰对象界面处的冰的界面层被破坏足够的时间段以允许刮刀移动或移除移出的冰 /雪。然后，刮刀在表面上起作用以除冰，从而在界面层重新冻结之前除去冰。本发明的另一种方法是使用线圈和靠近刮刀设置的高频电源在冰 - 物界面处电磁感应电流，以熔化界面冰。

9. 发明授权

US06684647B2 High-frequency melting of ice between freezer packages 失效
标题翻译：冷冻包装之间的高频熔化冰
公开(公告)号：US06684647B2
公开(公告)日：2004-02-03
申请号：US10141018
申请日：2002-05-08
申请人： Victor F. Petrenko
发明人： Victor F. Petrenko
IPC分类号： F25D2106
CPC分类号： H05B6/62 , B60S1/026 , B60S1/3805 , B64D15/12 , B82Y30/00 , E01C11/265 , E01D19/00 , H05B3/00 , H05B3/56 , H05B3/84 , H05B2214/02
摘要： An alternating electric field at an ice interface generates conductivity AC with a frequency greater than 1000 Hz in interfacial ice. Typically, a first electrode and a second electrode define an interelectrode space containing a stack of freezer packages. Each freezer package has an outer dielectric film and a continuous inner conductive layer coating the inside of the dielectric film. An AC power source provides a voltage of about 10 to 500 volts across the electrodes. The first and last freezer packages in the stack are proximate to the first and second electrodes, respectively. The AC voltage generates conductivity AC in the inner conductive layers. An alternating electric field between adjacent conductive layers generates conductivity current in the ice, resulting in Joule heat, which melts the ice.
摘要翻译：冰界面上的交变电场在界面冰中产生频率大于1000Hz的电导率AC。通常，第一电极和第二电极限定包含一堆冷冻包装的电极间空间。每个冷冻包装件具有涂覆在介电膜内部的外部电介质膜和连续的内部导电层。 AC电源在电极上提供约10至500伏的电压。堆叠中的第一和最后一个冷冻包分别靠近第一和第二电极。 AC电压在内部导电层中产生电导率AC。相邻导电层之间的交变电场在冰中产生导电电流，导致焦耳热，其熔化冰。

10. 发明授权

US6027075A Systems and methods for modifying ice adhesion strength 失效
标题翻译：改善冰粘附强度的系统和方法
公开(公告)号：US6027075A
公开(公告)日：2000-02-22
申请号：US94779
申请日：1998-06-15
申请人： Victor F. Petrenko
发明人： Victor F. Petrenko
IPC分类号： B64D15/00 , B64D15/12 , E01C11/26 , E01D19/00 , H02G7/16 , H05B3/00 , H05B3/56 , H05B3/84
CPC分类号： B82Y30/00 , B64D15/00 , B64D15/12 , E01C11/265 , E01D19/00 , H02G7/16 , H05B3/00 , H05B3/56 , H05B3/84 , H05B2214/02
摘要： The invention includes system for modifying ice adhesion strength of ice adhered to an object. The system includes an electrode that is electrically insulated from the object and a DC source, e.g., a battery, coupled to the object and the electrode. The source generates a DC bias to an interface between the ice and the object when the ice completes the circuit. The object is conductive or is doped as a semiconductor so that the DC bias applies a voltage to the interface which modifies the ice adhesion strength selectively as compared to the ice adhesion strength with substantially zero bias voltage at the interface. The strength can be increased or decreased relative to its static state (i.e., the state without applied voltage). In this manner, ice such as ice on an aircraft wing can be removed with less work. The system preferably includes an electrically insulating material disposed between the object and the electrode; the insulating material is substantially conformal to the object and the electrode. In most applications, the electrode includes a grid electrode shaped to conform to a surface of the object and each point of the grid electrode is in electrical contact with the source. Accordingly, a grid insulator is generally disposed between the object and the grid electrode. The invention has high applicability to objects such as an aircraft wing, an automobile windshield, a bottom of a ski, a heel or sole or a boot or shoe, and an outer material of a power line. The invention also includes a ferroelectric, ferromagnetic or semiconductor coating applied to power lines to auto-regulate the temperature of the lines to just above the melting point.
摘要翻译：本发明包括用于改变粘附到物体上的冰的冰粘附强度的系统。该系统包括与物体电绝缘的电极和耦合到物体和电极的DC源（例如电池）。当冰完成电路时，源会向冰与物体之间的界面产生直流偏压。该物体是导电的或被掺杂为半导体，使得DC偏压施加电压到界面，该界面与在界面处具有基本为零的偏置电压的冰粘附强度相比选择性地修改冰粘附强度。相对于其静态（即，没有施加电压的状态），强度可以增加或减小。以这种方式，可以以较少的工作去除飞机机翼上的冰如冰。该系统优选地包括设置在物体和电极之间的电绝缘材料; 绝缘材料基本上与物体和电极保持一致。在大多数应用中，电极包括形成为符合物体表面的栅电极，并且栅电极的每个点与源电接触。因此，栅极绝缘体通常设置在物体和栅极之间。本发明对诸如飞机机翼，汽车挡风玻璃，滑雪板底部，脚跟或鞋底或靴子或鞋子的物体以及电力线的外部材料具有高适用性。本发明还包括施加到电力线的铁电，铁磁或半导体涂层，以将线的温度自动调节到高于熔点。

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