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1. 发明申请

US20120060937A1 METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR CONTROLLING THE FLOW RESISTANCE OF A FLUID ON NANOSTRUCTURED OR MICROSTRUCTURED SURFACES 有权
标题翻译：用于控制流体在纳米结构或微结构表面上的流动阻力的方法和装置
公开(公告)号：US20120060937A1
公开(公告)日：2012-03-15
申请号：US13301964
申请日：2011-11-22
申请人： Marc Scott Hodes , Paul Robert Kolodner , Timofei Nikita Kroupenkine , Alan Michael Lyons , Mary Louise Mandich , Joseph Ashley Taylor
发明人： Marc Scott Hodes , Paul Robert Kolodner , Timofei Nikita Kroupenkine , Alan Michael Lyons , Mary Louise Mandich , Joseph Ashley Taylor
IPC分类号： F15D1/00
CPC分类号： B01L3/5088 , B01L2300/16 , B01L2400/0442 , B82Y20/00 , Y10T137/0396 , Y10T436/2575
摘要： A method and apparatus is disclosed wherein the flow resistance of a droplet disposed on a nanostructured or microstructured surface is controlled. A closed-cell feature is used in a way such that, when the pressure of at least a first fluid within one or more of the cells of said surface is decreased to or below a desired level, a droplet disposed on that surface is caused to at least partially penetrate the surface. In another illustrative embodiment, the pressure within one or more of the cells is increased to or above a desired level in a way such that the droplet of liquid is returned at least partially to its original, unpenetrated position. In yet another embodiment, a closed-cell structure feature pattern is used to prevent penetration of the nanostructured or microstructured surface, even when the pressure of the fluid disposed on the surface is relatively high.
摘要翻译：公开了一种控制设置在纳米结构或微结构化表面上的液滴的流动阻力的方法和装置。以这样的方式使用闭孔特征，使得当所述表面的一个或多个细胞内的至少第一流体的压力降低到或低于期望水平时，使在该表面上设置的液滴至少部分地穿透表面。在另一示例性实施例中，一个或多个电池内的压力以使得液滴至少部分地返回到其原始的未穿透位置的方式增加到或高于期望水平。在另一个实施例中，即使当设置在表面上的流体的压力相对较高时，也使用闭孔结构特征图案来防止纳米结构化或微结构化表面的渗透。

2. 发明授权

US07749646B2 Reversibly-activated nanostructured battery 有权
标题翻译：可逆激活的纳米结构电池
公开(公告)号：US07749646B2
公开(公告)日：2010-07-06
申请号：US10803641
申请日：2004-03-18
申请人： Marc Scott Hodes , Paul Robert Kolodner , Timofei Nikita Kroupenkine , Alan Michael Lyons , Mary Louise Mandich , Joseph Ashley Taylor , Donald Weiss
发明人： Marc Scott Hodes , Paul Robert Kolodner , Timofei Nikita Kroupenkine , Alan Michael Lyons , Mary Louise Mandich , Joseph Ashley Taylor , Donald Weiss
IPC分类号： H01M10/50
CPC分类号： H01M6/5077 , B82Y30/00 , H01M4/02 , H01M4/06 , H01M6/36 , H01M6/5038 , H01M2004/021 , Y10S977/948
摘要： A battery having a nanostructured battery electrode is disclosed wherein it is possible to reverse the contact of the electrolyte with the battery electrode and, thus, to return a battery to a reserve state after it has been used to generate current. In order to achieve this reversibility, the nanostructures on the battery electrode comprise a plurality of closed cells and the pressure within the enclosed cells is varied. In a first embodiment, the pressure is varied by varying the temperature of a fluid within the cells by, for example, applying a voltage to electrodes disposed within said cells. In a second illustrative embodiment, once the battery has been fully discharged, the battery is recharged and then the electrolyte fluid is expelled from the cells in a way such that it is no longer in contact with the battery electrode.
摘要翻译：公开了一种具有纳米结构的电池电极的电池，其中可以使电解质与电池电极的接触反转，并且因此在使用电池产生电流之后将电池返回到储备状态。为了实现这种可逆性，电池电极上的纳米结构包括多个闭孔，并且封闭电池内的压力变化。在第一实施例中，通过例如通过将设置在所述单元内的电极施加电压来改变单元内的流体的温度来改变压力。在第二示例性实施例中，一旦电池已经完全放电，电池被再充电，然后电解液以与电池电极不再接触的方式从电池中排出。

3. 发明授权

US07455021B2 Method and apparatus for controlling friction between a fluid and a body 有权
标题翻译：用于控制流体和身体之间摩擦的方法和装置
公开(公告)号：US07455021B2
公开(公告)日：2008-11-25
申请号：US11518694
申请日：2006-09-11
申请人： Avinoam Kornblit , Timofei Nikita Kroupenkine , Mary Louise Mandich , Tobias Manuel Schneider , Joseph Ashley Taylor , Donald Weiss , Shu Yang
发明人： Avinoam Kornblit , Timofei Nikita Kroupenkine , Mary Louise Mandich , Tobias Manuel Schneider , Joseph Ashley Taylor , Donald Weiss , Shu Yang
IPC分类号： B63B1/34 , B63B21/00
CPC分类号： B63B1/34 , B63H25/00 , Y02T70/121
摘要： A method and apparatus is disclosed wherein nanostructures or microstructures are disposed on a surface of a body (such as a submersible vehicle) that is adapted to move through a fluid, such as water. The nanostructures or microstructures are disposed on the surface in a way such that the contact between the surface and the fluid is reduced and, correspondingly, the friction between the surface and the fluid is reduced. In an illustrative embodiment, the surface is a surface on a submarine or other submersible vehicle (such as a torpedo). Illustratively, electrowetting principles are used to cause the fluid to at least partially penetrate the nanostructures or microstructures on the surface of the body in order to selectively create greater friction in a desired location of the surface. Such penetration may be used, for example, to create drag that alters the direction or speed of travel of the body.
摘要翻译：公开了一种方法和装置，其中将纳米结构或微结构布置在适于移动通过诸如水的流体的主体（例如潜水车辆）的表面上。纳米结构或微结构以这样的方式设置在表面上，使得表面和流体之间的接触减小，并且相应地减小了表面和流体之间的摩擦。在说明性实施例中，表面是潜艇或其他潜水车辆（例如鱼雷）上的表面。说明性地，使用电润湿原理使流体至少部分地穿透身体表面上的纳米结构或微结构，以便在表面的期望位置选择性地产生更大的摩擦。例如，可以使用这种穿透来产生改变身体行进方向或速度的阻力。

4. 发明申请

US20100221597A1 REVERSIBLY-ACTIVATED NANOSTRUCTURED BATTERY 有权
标题翻译：反应活化的纳米结构电池
公开(公告)号：US20100221597A1
公开(公告)日：2010-09-02
申请号：US12775177
申请日：2010-05-06
申请人： Marc Scott Hodes , Paul Robert Kolodner , Timofei Nikita Kroupenkine , Alan Michael Lyons , Mary Louise Mandich , Joseph Ashley Taylor , Donald Weiss
发明人： Marc Scott Hodes , Paul Robert Kolodner , Timofei Nikita Kroupenkine , Alan Michael Lyons , Mary Louise Mandich , Joseph Ashley Taylor , Donald Weiss
IPC分类号： H01M6/42
CPC分类号： H01M6/5077 , B82Y30/00 , H01M4/02 , H01M4/06 , H01M6/36 , H01M6/5038 , H01M2004/021 , Y10S977/948
摘要： A battery having a nanostructured battery electrode is disclosed wherein it is possible to reverse the contact of the electrolyte with the battery electrode and, thus, to return a battery to a reserve state after it has been used to generate current. In order to achieve this reversibility, the nanostructures on the battery electrode comprise a plurality of closed cells and the pressure within the enclosed cells is varied. In a first embodiment, the pressure is varied by varying the temperature of a fluid within the cells by, for example, applying a voltage to electrodes disposed within said cells. In a second illustrative embodiment, once the battery has been fully discharged, the battery is recharged and then the electrolyte fluid is expelled from the cells in a way such that it is no longer in contact with the battery electrode.
摘要翻译：公开了一种具有纳米结构的电池电极的电池，其中可以使电解质与电池电极的接触反转，并且因此在使用电池产生电流之后将电池返回到储备状态。为了实现这种可逆性，电池电极上的纳米结构包括多个闭孔，并且封闭电池内的压力变化。在第一实施例中，通过例如通过将设置在所述单元内的电极施加电压来改变单元内的流体的温度来改变压力。在第二示例性实施例中，一旦电池已经完全放电，电池被再充电，然后电解液以与电池电极不再接触的方式从电池中排出。

5. 发明授权

US08124423B2 Method and apparatus for controlling the flow resistance of a fluid on nanostructured or microstructured surfaces 有权
公开(公告)号：US08124423B2
公开(公告)日：2012-02-28
申请号：US10674448
申请日：2003-09-30
申请人： Marc Scott Hodes , Paul Robert Kolodner , Timofei Nikita Kroupenkine , Alan Michael Lyons , Mary Louise Mandich , Joseph Ashley Taylor
发明人： Marc Scott Hodes , Paul Robert Kolodner , Timofei Nikita Kroupenkine , Alan Michael Lyons , Mary Louise Mandich , Joseph Ashley Taylor
IPC分类号： G01N1/10
CPC分类号： B01L3/5088 , B01L2300/16 , B01L2400/0442 , B82Y20/00 , Y10T137/0396 , Y10T436/2575
摘要： A method and apparatus is disclosed wherein the flow resistance of a droplet disposed on a nanostructured or microstructured surface is controlled. A closed-cell feature is used in a way such that, when the pressure of at least a first fluid within one or more of the cells of said surface is decreased to or below a desired level, a droplet disposed on that surface is caused to at least partially penetrate the surface. In another illustrative embodiment, the pressure within one or more of the cells is increased to or above a desired level in a way such that the droplet of liquid is returned at least partially to its original, unpenetrated position. In yet another embodiment, a closed-cell structure feature pattern is used to prevent penetration of the nanostructured or microstructured surface, even when the pressure of the fluid disposed on the surface is relatively high.

6. 发明授权

US07935437B2 Reversibly-activated nanostructured battery 有权
标题翻译：可逆激活的纳米结构电池
公开(公告)号：US07935437B2
公开(公告)日：2011-05-03
申请号：US12775177
申请日：2010-05-06
申请人： Marc Scott Hodes , Paul Robert Kolodner , Timofei Nikita Kroupenkine , Alan Michael Lyons , Mary Louise Mandich , Joseph Ashley Taylor , Donald Weiss
发明人： Marc Scott Hodes , Paul Robert Kolodner , Timofei Nikita Kroupenkine , Alan Michael Lyons , Mary Louise Mandich , Joseph Ashley Taylor , Donald Weiss
IPC分类号： H01M10/50
CPC分类号： H01M6/5077 , B82Y30/00 , H01M4/02 , H01M4/06 , H01M6/36 , H01M6/5038 , H01M2004/021 , Y10S977/948
摘要： A battery includes a plurality of closed cells disposed in a predetermined feature pattern on at least a first surface of an electrode. Each of the closed cells has an inner surface. The battery also includes a plurality of cell electrodes. Each of the cell electrodes is disposed along a portion of the inner surface of a respective one of the closed cells in the plurality of closed cells.
摘要翻译：电池包括在电极的至少第一表面上以预定特征图案设置的多个闭孔。每个封闭的单元具有内表面。电池还包括多个电池电极。每个单元电极沿着多个闭孔中的相应一个闭孔的内表面的一部分设置。

7. 发明申请

US20080236473A1 METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR CONTROLLING FRICTION BETWEEN A FLUID AND A BODY 有权
标题翻译：用于控制流体和体液之间的摩擦的方法和装置
公开(公告)号：US20080236473A1
公开(公告)日：2008-10-02
申请号：US11518694
申请日：2006-09-11
申请人： Avinoam Kornblit , Timofei Nikita Kroupenkine , Mary Louise Mandich , Tobias Manuel Schneider , Joseph Ashley Taylor , Donald Weiss , Shu Yang
发明人： Avinoam Kornblit , Timofei Nikita Kroupenkine , Mary Louise Mandich , Tobias Manuel Schneider , Joseph Ashley Taylor , Donald Weiss , Shu Yang
IPC分类号： B63B1/34
CPC分类号： B63B1/34 , B63H25/00 , Y02T70/121
摘要： A method and apparatus is disclosed wherein nanostructures or microstructures are disposed on a surface of a body (such as a submersible vehicle) that is adapted to move through a fluid, such as water. The nanostructures or microstructures are disposed on the surface in a way such that the contact between the surface and the fluid is reduced and, correspondingly, the friction between the surface and the fluid is reduced. In an illustrative embodiment, the surface is a surface on a submarine or other submersible vehicle (such as a torpedo). Illustratively, electrowetting principles are used to cause the fluid to at least partially penetrate the nanostructures or microstructures on the surface of the body in order to selectively create greater friction in a desired location of the surface. Such penetration may be used, for example, to create drag that alters the direction or speed of travel of the body.
摘要翻译：公开了一种方法和装置，其中将纳米结构或微结构布置在适于移动通过诸如水的流体的主体（例如潜水车辆）的表面上。纳米结构或微结构以这样的方式设置在表面上，使得表面和流体之间的接触减小，并且相应地减小了表面和流体之间的摩擦。在说明性实施例中，表面是潜艇或其他潜水车辆（例如鱼雷）上的表面。说明性地，使用电润湿原理使流体至少部分地穿透身体表面上的纳米结构或微结构，以便在表面的期望位置选择性地产生更大的摩擦。例如，可以使用这种穿透来产生改变身体行进方向或速度的阻力。

8. 发明授权

US08187894B2 Method and apparatus for controlling the flow resistance of a fluid on nanostructured or microstructured surfaces 有权
标题翻译：用于控制纳米结构或微结构化表面上的流体的流动阻力的方法和装置
公开(公告)号：US08187894B2
公开(公告)日：2012-05-29
申请号：US13301964
申请日：2011-11-22
申请人： Marc Scott Hodes , Paul Robert Kolodner , Timofei Nikita Kroupenkine , Alan Michael Lyons , Mary Louise Mandich , Joseph Ashley Taylor
发明人： Marc Scott Hodes , Paul Robert Kolodner , Timofei Nikita Kroupenkine , Alan Michael Lyons , Mary Louise Mandich , Joseph Ashley Taylor
IPC分类号： G01N1/10
CPC分类号： B01L3/5088 , B01L2300/16 , B01L2400/0442 , B82Y20/00 , Y10T137/0396 , Y10T436/2575
摘要： A method and apparatus is disclosed wherein the flow resistance of a droplet disposed on a nanostructured or microstructured surface is controlled. A closed-cell feature is used in a way such that, when the pressure of at least a first fluid within one or more of the cells of said surface is decreased to or below a desired level, a droplet disposed on that surface is caused to at least partially penetrate the surface. In another illustrative embodiment, the pressure within one or more of the cells is increased to or above a desired level in a way such that the droplet of liquid is returned at least partially to its original, unpenetrated position. In yet another embodiment, a closed-cell structure feature pattern is used to prevent penetration of the nanostructured or microstructured surface, even when the pressure of the fluid disposed on the surface is relatively high.
摘要翻译：公开了一种控制设置在纳米结构或微结构化表面上的液滴的流动阻力的方法和装置。以这样的方式使用闭孔特征，使得当所述表面的一个或多个细胞内的至少第一流体的压力降低到或低于期望水平时，使在该表面上设置的液滴至少部分地穿透表面。在另一示例性实施例中，一个或多个电池内的压力以使得液滴至少部分地返回到其原始的未穿透位置的方式增加到或高于期望水平。在另一个实施例中，即使当布置在表面上的流体的压力相对较高时，使用闭孔结构特征图案来防止纳米结构化或微结构化表面的渗透。

9. 发明申请

US20100183906A1 RESERVE CELL-ARRAY NANOSTRUCTRED BATTERY 有权
标题翻译：保留细胞阵列纳米管电池
公开(公告)号：US20100183906A1
公开(公告)日：2010-07-22
申请号：US10803565
申请日：2004-03-18
申请人： Marc Scott Hodes , Paul Robert Kolodner , Timofei Nikita Kroupenkine , Alan Michael Lyons , Mary Louise Mandich , Joseph Ashley Taylor , Donald Weiss
发明人： Marc Scott Hodes , Paul Robert Kolodner , Timofei Nikita Kroupenkine , Alan Michael Lyons , Mary Louise Mandich , Joseph Ashley Taylor , Donald Weiss
IPC分类号： H01M6/30
CPC分类号： F42C19/00 , H01M4/06 , H01M6/30 , H01M6/32 , H01M6/36 , Y10S977/948
摘要： A battery having an electrode with at least one nanostructured surface is disclosed wherein the nanostructured surface is divided into cells and is disposed in a way such that an electrolyte fluid of the battery is prevented from contacting the portion of electrode associated with each cell. When a voltage is passed over the nanostructured surface associated with a particular cell, the electrolyte fluid is caused to penetrate the nanostructured surface of that cell and to contact the electrode, thus activating the portion of the battery associated with that cell. The current/voltage generated by the battery is controlled by selectively activating only a portion of the cells. Multiple cells can be active simultaneously to produce the desired voltage. The more cells that are active, the higher the current/voltage and the lower the overall life of the battery. The life of the battery can be extended by activating fewer cells simultaneously.
摘要翻译：公开了一种具有至少一个纳米结构表面的电极的电池，其中将纳米结构化表面分成多个单元并且被设置成使得电池的电解质流体不会与每个单元相关联的电极的部分接触。当电压通过与特定电池相关联的纳米结构表面时，使电解液渗透到该电池的纳米结构表面并接触电极，从而激活与该电池相关联的电池部分。由电池产生的电流/电压通过选择性地激活仅一部分电池来控制。可以同时激活多个单元以产生所需的电压。活动的电池越多，电流/电压越高，电池的整体寿命越短。通过同时激活更少的电池可以延长电池的使用寿命。

10. 发明授权

US07323033B2 Nanostructured surfaces having variable permeability 有权
标题翻译：具有可变渗透性的纳米结构表面
公开(公告)号：US07323033B2
公开(公告)日：2008-01-29
申请号：US10835639
申请日：2004-04-30
申请人： Timofei Nikita Kroupenkine , Mary Louise Mandich , Joseph Ashley Taylor
发明人： Timofei Nikita Kroupenkine , Mary Louise Mandich , Joseph Ashley Taylor
IPC分类号： B01D53/22
CPC分类号： B01D69/06 , B81B1/008 , B82Y30/00
摘要： A nanostructured substrate is disclosed having a plurality of substrate openings disposed between the nanostructures on the substrate. When a desired fluid comes into contact with the substrate, at least a portion of the fluid is allowed to pass through at least one of the openings. In a first embodiment, the fluid is caused to pass through the openings by causing the fluid to penetrate the nanostructures. In a second embodiment, the substrate is a flexible substrate so that when a mechanical force is applied to the substrate, such as a bending or stretching force, the distance between nanoposts or the diameter of nanocells on the substrate increases and the liquid penetrates the nanostructures. In another embodiment, a first fluid, such as water, is prevented from penetrating the nanostructures on the substrate while a second fluid is permitted to pass through the substrate via the openings in the substrate.
摘要翻译：公开了一种纳米结构化衬底，其具有设置在衬底上的纳米结构之间的多个衬底开口。当期望的流体与基底接触时，允许至少一部分流体通过至少一个开口。在第一实施例中，通过使流体穿透纳米结构，使流体通过开口。在第二实施例中，衬底是柔性衬底，使得当机械力施加到衬底（例如弯曲或拉伸力）时，纳米孔之间的距离或衬底上的纳米细胞的直径增加，液体渗透纳米结构。在另一个实施例中，防止第一流体（例如水）穿过基板上的纳米结构，同时允许第二流体经由基板中的开口穿过基板。

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