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1. 发明申请

US20070113676A1 Measurement of non-aqueous phase liquid flow in porous media by tracer dilution 有权
公开(公告)号：US20070113676A1
公开(公告)日：2007-05-24
申请号：US11283055
申请日：2005-11-18
申请人： Thomas Sale , Geoffrey Taylor , Mark Lyverse
发明人： Thomas Sale , Geoffrey Taylor , Mark Lyverse
IPC分类号： G01F1/704
CPC分类号： B09C1/00 , E21B47/1015 , G01F1/704
摘要： A method and apparatus for measuring in situ flow of non-aqueous phase liquids (NAPLs) through a porous medium is described. A tracer is introduced into a well or boring located in the medium and the tracer concentration in the well kept uniform by mixing. The rate at which the tracer is depleted from the well has been determined to be proportional to the flow rate of the NAPL through the well or boring and surrounding formation.

2. 发明授权

US07861601B2 Measurement of liquid flow in porous media by tracer dilution without continuous mixing 有权
标题翻译：通过示踪剂稀释而不连续混合来测量多孔介质中的液体流动
公开(公告)号：US07861601B2
公开(公告)日：2011-01-04
申请号：US12399862
申请日：2009-03-06
申请人： Thomas C. Sale , Timothy J. Smith , Mark Lyverse
发明人： Thomas C. Sale , Timothy J. Smith , Mark Lyverse
IPC分类号： G01F1/704
CPC分类号： G01F1/704 , B09C1/00 , E21B47/1015
摘要： A natural gradient, single well, tracer dilution non-continuous mixing apparatus and method for measuring flow of liquids through porous media are described. The method has been applied to concentrations of Light Nonaqueous Phase Liquid (LNAPL) in monitoring wells to measure the rate of LNAPL flow through the wells and through the adjacent formation. Similar measurements were made for concentrations of water in other formations. A LNAPL-soluble fluorescing tracer was added to LNAPL in the wells, and a water-soluble fluorescing tracer was added to water in the wells. The tracer is initially uniformly-mixed into the LNAPL or water in the well, and the tracer concentration is measured using a fiber optic cable and a spectrometer. The LNAPL or water with dissolved tracer is then allowed to flow from the well without any mixing. At a later time, the LNAPL or water and tracer in the well are mixed to a uniform tracer concentration, and the tracer concentration is remeasured. Using the initial tracer concentration, the subsequently mixed tracer concentration, the elapsed time, and the well diameter, a LNAPL flow rate is calculated.
摘要翻译：描述了自然梯度，单井，示踪剂稀释非连续混合装置和通过多孔介质测量液体流动的方法。该方法已经应用于监测井中的轻非水相液体（LNAPL）的浓度，以测量通过井和相邻地层的LNAPL流速。对其他地层中的水的浓度进行了类似的测量。将LNAPL可溶性荧光示踪剂加入到孔中的LNAPL中，并将水溶性荧光示踪剂加入到孔中的水中。最初将示踪剂均匀混合到LNAPL或井中的水中，并使用光纤电缆和光谱仪测量示踪剂浓度。然后使LNAPL或具有溶解示踪剂的水从孔中流出而不进行任何混合。稍后，将井中的LNAPL或水和示踪剂混合至均匀的示踪剂浓度，并重新测量示踪剂浓度。使用初始示踪剂浓度，计算随后混合的示踪剂浓度，经过时间和井直径，计算LNAPL流速。

3. 发明申请

US20130031955A1 GAS FLUX MEASUREMENT USING TRAPS 有权
标题翻译：使用TRAPS的气体流量测量
公开(公告)号：US20130031955A1
公开(公告)日：2013-02-07
申请号：US13197657
申请日：2011-08-03
申请人： Julio A. Zimbron , Thomas C. Sale , Mark Lyverse
发明人： Julio A. Zimbron , Thomas C. Sale , Mark Lyverse
IPC分类号： G01N30/04
CPC分类号： G01N1/2294 , B01D53/0415 , B01D2257/504 , B01D2257/708 , G01N1/2214 , G01N2030/008 , G01N2030/009 , Y02C10/08
摘要： A passive sampling apparatus and method for measuring the cumulative mass of a selected gas being transported through a known cross-sectional area, for example, a soil surface, during a chosen period of time, using absorbent material, are described. Two quantities of absorbent material are disposed in a hollow container, such as a pipe section, and spaced apart such that they may be readily separated for analysis. The absorbent material closest to the soil captures the gas leaving the soil. Under reversed flow conditions, for example when the ambient air enters the ground because of fluctuations in atmospheric pressure, the upper absorbent material captures the component of interest entering the apparatus, thereby preventing this gas from entering the lower material and disturbing the measurement. The apparatus can therefore sequester the component of interest without being affected by the direction of gas transport.
摘要翻译：描述了一种被动采样装置和方法，用于通过使用吸收材料测量在所选择的时间段内通过已知横截面积例如土壤表面输送的选定气体的累积质量。将两种吸收材料设置在诸如管段的中空容器中并且间隔开，使得它们可以容易地分离用于分析。最靠近土壤的吸收材料捕获离开土壤的气体。在反向流动条件下，例如当环境空气由于大气压力的波动而进入地面时，上部吸收材料捕获进入设备的感兴趣的部件，从而防止该气体进入下部材料并扰乱测量。因此，该装置可以在不受气体输送方向影响的情况下隔离感兴趣的部件。

4. 发明授权

US07281435B2 Measurement of non-aqueous phase liquid flow in porous media by tracer dilution 有权
标题翻译：通过示踪剂稀释测量多孔介质中的非水相液体流动
公开(公告)号：US07281435B2
公开(公告)日：2007-10-16
申请号：US11283055
申请日：2005-11-18
申请人： Thomas C. Sale , Geoffrey R. Taylor , Mark Lyverse
发明人： Thomas C. Sale , Geoffrey R. Taylor , Mark Lyverse
IPC分类号： G01F1/704
CPC分类号： B09C1/00 , E21B47/1015 , G01F1/704
摘要： A method and apparatus for measuring in situ flow of non-aqueous phase liquids (NAPLs) through a porous medium is described. A tracer is introduced into a well or boring located in the medium and the tracer concentration in the well kept uniform by mixing. The rate at which the tracer is depleted from the well has been determined to be proportional to the flow rate of the NAPL through the well or boring and surrounding formation.
摘要翻译：描述了通过多孔介质测量非水相液体（NAPL）的原位流动的方法和装置。将示踪剂引入位于培养基中的井或钻孔中，并且井中的示踪剂浓度通过混合保持均匀。示踪剂从井中耗尽的速率已经被确定为与通过井或钻孔和周围地层的NAPL的流速成比例。

5. 发明授权

US08714034B2 Gas flux measurement using traps 有权
标题翻译：使用陷阱进行气体通量测量
公开(公告)号：US08714034B2
公开(公告)日：2014-05-06
申请号：US13197657
申请日：2011-08-03
申请人： Julio A. Zimbron , Thomas C. Sale , Mark Lyverse
发明人： Julio A. Zimbron , Thomas C. Sale , Mark Lyverse
IPC分类号： G01N1/22
CPC分类号： G01N1/2294 , B01D53/0415 , B01D2257/504 , B01D2257/708 , G01N1/2214 , G01N2030/008 , G01N2030/009 , Y02C10/08
摘要： A passive sampling apparatus and method for measuring the cumulative mass of a selected gas being transported through a known cross-sectional area, for example, a soil surface, during a chosen period of time, using absorbent material, are described. Two quantities of absorbent material are disposed in a hollow container, such as a pipe section, and spaced apart such that they may be readily separated for analysis. The absorbent material closest to the soil captures the gas leaving the soil. Under reversed flow conditions, for example when the ambient air enters the ground because of fluctuations in atmospheric pressure, the upper absorbent material captures the component of interest entering the apparatus, thereby preventing this gas from entering the lower material and disturbing the measurement. The apparatus can therefore sequester the component of interest without being affected by the direction of gas transport.
摘要翻译：描述了一种被动采样装置和方法，用于通过使用吸收材料测量在所选择的时间段内通过已知横截面积例如土壤表面输送的选定气体的累积质量。将两种吸收材料设置在诸如管段的中空容器中并且间隔开，使得它们可以容易地分离用于分析。最靠近土壤的吸收材料捕获离开土壤的气体。在反向流动条件下，例如当环境空气由于大气压力的波动而进入地面时，上部吸收材料捕获进入设备的感兴趣的部件，从而防止该气体进入下部材料并扰乱测量。因此，该装置可以在不受气体输送方向影响的情况下隔离感兴趣的组分。

6. 发明申请

US20090223303A1 MEASUREMENT OF LIQUID FLOW IN POROUS MEDIA BY TRACER DILUTION WITHOUT CONTINUOUS MIXING 有权
标题翻译：通过不连续混合的追踪器稀释测量多孔介质中的液体流量
公开(公告)号：US20090223303A1
公开(公告)日：2009-09-10
申请号：US12399862
申请日：2009-03-06
申请人： Thomas C. Sale , Timothy J. Smith , Mark Lyverse
发明人： Thomas C. Sale , Timothy J. Smith , Mark Lyverse
IPC分类号： G01F1/708
CPC分类号： G01F1/704 , B09C1/00 , E21B47/1015
摘要： A natural gradient, single well, tracer dilution non-continuous mixing apparatus and method for measuring flow of liquids through porous media are described. The method has been applied to concentrations of Light Nonaqueous Phase Liquid (LNAPL) in monitoring wells to measure the rate of LNAPL flow through the wells and through the adjacent formation. Similar measurements were made for concentrations of water in other formations. A LNAPL-soluble fluorescing tracer was added to LNAPL in the wells, and a water-soluble fluorescing tracer was added to water in the wells. The tracer is initially uniformly-mixed into the LNAPL or water in the well, and the tracer concentration is measured using a fiber optic cable and a spectrometer. The LNAPL or water with dissolved tracer is then allowed to flow from the well without any mixing. At a later time, the LNAPL or water and tracer in the well are mixed to a uniform tracer concentration, and the tracer concentration is remeasured. Using the initial tracer concentration, the subsequently mixed tracer concentration, the elapsed time, and the well diameter, a LNAPL flow rate is calculated.
摘要翻译：描述了自然梯度，单井，示踪剂稀释非连续混合装置和通过多孔介质测量液体流动的方法。该方法已经应用于监测井中的轻非水相液体（LNAPL）的浓度，以测量通过井和相邻地层的LNAPL流速。对其他地层中的水的浓度进行了类似的测量。将LNAPL可溶性荧光示踪剂加入到孔中的LNAPL中，并将水溶性荧光示踪剂加入到孔中的水中。最初将示踪剂均匀混合到LNAPL或井中的水中，并使用光纤电缆和光谱仪测量示踪剂浓度。然后使LNAPL或具有溶解示踪剂的水从孔中流出而不进行任何混合。稍后，将井中的LNAPL或水和示踪剂混合至均匀的示踪剂浓度，并重新测量示踪剂浓度。使用初始示踪剂浓度，计算随后混合的示踪剂浓度，经过时间和井直径，计算LNAPL流速。

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