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1. 发明授权

US5574411A Lumped parameter balun 失效
标题翻译：集中参数balun
公开(公告)号：US5574411A
公开(公告)日：1996-11-12
申请号：US533294
申请日：1995-09-25
申请人： Thomas R. Apel , Charles E. Page
发明人： Thomas R. Apel , Charles E. Page
IPC分类号： H01P5/10 , H03H7/42
CPC分类号： H03H7/42
摘要： A balun, which does not use magnetic coupling and is easily integrated in MMICs, is formed of lumped parameter inductive and capacitive circuit elements. In one embodiment, a termination circuit is utilized to prevent reflections of common mode signals.
摘要翻译：不使用磁耦合并且易于集成在MMIC中的平衡 - 不平衡变换器由集总参数电感和电容电路元件形成。在一个实施例中，使用终端电路来防止共模信号的反射。

2. 发明授权

US08748255B2 Method of manufacturing an electrostatic protection device 有权
标题翻译：制造静电保护装置的方法
公开(公告)号：US08748255B2
公开(公告)日：2014-06-10
申请号：US13523766
申请日：2012-06-14
申请人： Thomas R. Apel , Jeremy R. Middleton
发明人： Thomas R. Apel , Jeremy R. Middleton
IPC分类号： H01L21/8249 , H01L21/331
CPC分类号： H01L27/0259
摘要： One embodiment of an electrostatic protection diode in an integrated circuit includes a base area having at least two bends therein.
摘要翻译：集成电路中的静电保护二极管的一个实施例包括其中具有至少两个弯曲部的基极区域。

3. 发明申请

US20120260477A1 Method of Manufacturing an Electrostatic Protection Device 有权
标题翻译：制造静电防护装置的方法
公开(公告)号：US20120260477A1
公开(公告)日：2012-10-18
申请号：US13523766
申请日：2012-06-14
申请人： Thomas R. Apel , Jeremy R. Middleton
发明人： Thomas R. Apel , Jeremy R. Middleton
IPC分类号： H01L21/00
CPC分类号： H01L27/0259
摘要： One embodiment of an electrostatic protection diode in an integrated circuit includes a base area having at least two bends therein.
摘要翻译：集成电路中的静电保护二极管的一个实施例包括其中具有至少两个弯曲部的基极区域。

4. 发明授权

US08164387B1 Simultaneous harmonic termination in a push-pull power amplifier 有权
标题翻译：推挽功率放大器中的同时谐波终端
公开(公告)号：US08164387B1
公开(公告)日：2012-04-24
申请号：US12828134
申请日：2010-06-30
申请人： Thomas R. Apel , Jun Zhao
发明人： Thomas R. Apel , Jun Zhao
IPC分类号： H03F3/26
CPC分类号： H03F3/3076 , H03F1/565 , H03F3/195 , H03F3/245 , H03F2200/387 , H03F2200/391 , H03F2200/423 , H03F2200/541
摘要： Embodiments of circuits and systems for a harmonic tuning network coupled with a radio frequency (RF) push-pull power amplifier to terminate both second- and third-harmonic energies are disclosed. Other embodiments may also be described and claimed.
摘要翻译：公开了与射频（RF）推挽功率放大器耦合的谐波调谐网络的电路和系统的实施例，以终止二次和三次谐波能量。也可以描述和要求保护其他实施例。

5. 发明授权

US06806558B2 Integrated segmented and interdigitated broadside- and edge-coupled transmission lines 有权
标题翻译：集成分段和交叉的宽边和边耦合传输线
公开(公告)号：US06806558B2
公开(公告)日：2004-10-19
申请号：US10121066
申请日：2002-04-11
申请人： Thomas R. Apel
发明人： Thomas R. Apel
IPC分类号： H01L3900
CPC分类号： H01P5/10 , H01L2924/0002 , H01L2924/00
摘要： A combination edge- and broadside-coupled transmission line element formed in an integrated circuit chip, using semiconductor processes, in a stack of metal layers separated by dielectric layers. Each of the metal layers includes a number of transmission lines. Interconnects between the transmission lines are formed at predetermined locations, each interconnect electrically connecting together a group of the transmission lines to form a conductor. The efficiency of the coupling between the lines in the different conductor is increased by positioning the lines such that both edge and broadside-coupling is realized. For example, at least one of the transmission lines in one of the conductors is positioned either above or below a transmission line in the other conductor to achieve broadside-coupling and laterally adjacent to another transmission line in the other conductor to achieve edge-coupling. In a preferred embodiment each of the lines in one of the conductors is edge- and broadside-coupled to lines in the other conductor. The transmission line element may contain two, three or more conductors, and each conductor may contain two, three or more transmission lines. The transmission line element can be used, for example, to fabricate various types of balanced and unbalanced transformers.
摘要翻译：在由电介质层分离的金属层的堆叠中，使用半导体工艺形成在集成电路芯片中的组合边缘和宽边耦合传输线元件。每个金属层包括多个传输线。传输线之间的互连形成在预定位置处，每个互连将一组传输线电连接在一起以形成导体。通过定位线以使得实现边缘和宽侧耦合两者来增加不同导体中的线之间的耦合效率。例如，其中一个导体中的至少一根传输线位于另一导体中的传输线的上方或下方，以实现与另一导体中的另一传输线的宽侧耦合并横向相邻以实现边缘耦合。在优选实施例中，一个导体中的每条线与另一个导体中的线边缘和宽边耦合。传输线元件可以包含两个，三个或更多个导体，并且每个导体可以包含两个，三个或更多个传输线。传输线元件可以用于例如制造各种类型的平衡和不平衡变压器。

6. 发明授权

US5349306A Apparatus and method for high performance wide-band power amplifier monolithic microwave integrated circuits 失效
标题翻译：高性能宽带功率放大器单片微波集成电路的装置和方法
公开(公告)号：US5349306A
公开(公告)日：1994-09-20
申请号：US143314
申请日：1993-10-25
申请人： Thomas R. Apel
发明人： Thomas R. Apel
IPC分类号： H03F3/60 , H03F3/16
CPC分类号： H03F3/607
摘要： A distributed amplifier produced from monolithic microwave integrated circuit (MMIC) processes employs a bandpass filter structure as opposed to a low-pass filter network to enhance gain, efficiency and output power over wideband operation of 6 GHz to 18 GHz. Derivation of the preferred embodiment is shown from a three port circuit employing bandpass filter image-parameter half-sections.
摘要翻译：由单片微波集成电路（MMIC）制造的分布式放大器采用带通滤波器结构，而不是低通滤波器网络，以在6 GHz至18 GHz的宽带工作状态下提高增益，效率和输出功率。从采用带通滤波器图像参数半部分的三端口电路示出了优选实施例的推导。

7. 发明授权

US09276310B1 Omnidirectional helically arrayed antenna 有权
标题翻译：全向螺旋排列天线
公开(公告)号：US09276310B1
公开(公告)日：2016-03-01
申请号：US13341915
申请日：2011-12-31
申请人： Thomas R. Apel
发明人： Thomas R. Apel
IPC分类号： H01Q1/36
CPC分类号： H01Q1/362 , H01Q1/46 , H01Q21/10
摘要： A method and apparatus for an omnidirectional helically arrayed antenna are described. In accordance with at least one embodiment, a horizontally polarized omnidirectional helically arrayed antenna is provided. In accordance with at least one embodiment, an antenna comprises a helical array of coaxial transmission line radiating elements coupled to one another successively by phase changing couplings. In accordance with at least one embodiment, the antenna is configured to provide an omnidirectional radiation pattern and a polarization dominated by a magnetic field vector component parallel to an axis of the helical array and an electric field vector component perpendicular to the axis of the helical array. In accordance with at least one embodiment, an electrical length of each of the coaxial transmission line radiating elements is an odd integer multiple of a half wavelength in the coaxial medium with a pitch in the range of 0.35 wavelength to 0.50 wavelength.
摘要翻译：描述了一种全向螺旋排列天线的方法和装置。根据至少一个实施例，提供水平极化全向螺旋排列的天线。根据至少一个实施例，天线包括通过相变耦合而相继耦合的同轴传输线辐射元件的螺旋阵列。根据至少一个实施例，天线被配置为提供全向辐射图案和由平行于螺旋阵列的轴线的磁场矢量分量主导的偏振和垂直于螺旋阵列的轴线的电场矢量分量。根据至少一个实施例，每个同轴传输线辐射元件的电长度是在0.35波长至0.50波长范围内的间距的同轴介质中的半波长的奇整数倍。

8. 发明授权

US07345537B2 Linear power amplifier with multiple output power levels 有权
标题翻译：具有多个输出功率电平的线性功率放大器
公开(公告)号：US07345537B2
公开(公告)日：2008-03-18
申请号：US10666552
申请日：2003-09-19
申请人： Thomas R. Apel , Tarun Juneja
发明人： Thomas R. Apel , Tarun Juneja
IPC分类号： H03G9/00 , H03G5/16
CPC分类号： H03F1/0261 , H03F1/0244 , H03F1/0277 , H03F1/302 , H03F2203/21178 , H03F2203/7206 , H03F2203/7236
摘要： A power amplifier stage has a first amplifier subsection and a second amplifier subsection coupled in a parallel configuration. The first amplifier subsection receives a signal to be amplified and the second amplifier subsection receives the signal to be amplified via a first delay line. The amplified output signal of the first amplifier subsection is passed through a second impedance inverter and is combined with the amplified output signal from the second amplifier subsection. In a low power mode, the first amplifier subsection operates as a linear amplifier and the second subsection is biased off. In a high power mode, both the first and second amplifier subsections operate as linear amplifiers. Selecting the impedances of the second delay element and the first amplifier to be equal is essential for high power mode operation and greatly improves the amplifier efficiency in the low power mode.
摘要翻译：功率放大器级具有以并联结构耦合的第一放大器子部分和第二放大器部分。第一放大器部分接收要被放大的信号，并且第二放大器部分经由第一延迟线接收待放大的信号。第一放大器子部分的放大的输出信号通过第二阻抗反相器并与来自第二放大器子部分的放大的输出信号组合。在低功率模式下，第一放大器部分作为线性放大器工作，第二部分被偏置掉。在高功率模式下，第一和第二放大器子部分都作为线性放大器工作。选择第二延迟元件和第一放大器相等的阻抗对于高功率模式操作是必需的，并且极大地提高了低功率模式下的放大器效率。

9. 发明授权

US07224230B2 Bias circuit with mode control and compensation for voltage and temperature 有权
标题翻译：具有模式控制和电压和温度补偿的偏置电路
公开(公告)号：US07224230B2
公开(公告)日：2007-05-29
申请号：US11065208
申请日：2005-02-22
申请人： Thomas R. Apel , Rebouh Benelbar
发明人： Thomas R. Apel , Rebouh Benelbar
IPC分类号： H03F3/04
CPC分类号： H03F3/04 , H03F1/301 , H03F3/345 , H03F2200/447
摘要： An amplifier bias system. The amplifier bias system includes a battery voltage supply coupled with an amplifier transistor to be biased; an output node coupled with a gate of the amplifier transistor; and a current source coupled with the battery voltage supply, wherein the current source provides a current to a node in response to the battery voltage supply. The amplifier bias system further includes a first transistor coupled between the battery voltage supply and the output node, the first transistor having a gate coupled with the first node; a second transistor coupled with the first node, the second transistor having a gate coupled with the output node; and a current load coupled with the output node.
摘要翻译：放大器偏置系统。放大器偏置系统包括与待偏置的放大器晶体管耦合的电池电压源; 与放大器晶体管的栅极耦合的输出节点; 以及与电池电压源耦合的电流源，其中电流源响应于电池电压供应而向节点提供电流。所述放大器偏置系统还包括耦合在所述电池电压源和所述输出节点之间的第一晶体管，所述第一晶体管具有与所述第一节点耦合的栅极; 与所述第一节点耦合的第二晶体管，所述第二晶体管具有与所述输出节点耦合的栅极; 以及与输出节点耦合的电流负载。

10. 发明授权

US07177370B2 Method and architecture for dual-mode linear and saturated power amplifier operation 有权
标题翻译：双模线性和饱和功率放大器操作的方法和架构
公开(公告)号：US07177370B2
公开(公告)日：2007-02-13
申请号：US10740238
申请日：2003-12-17
申请人： Andrew Zhang , Thomas R. Apel , Christopher R. Stephens
发明人： Andrew Zhang , Thomas R. Apel , Christopher R. Stephens
IPC分类号： H04K1/02 , H04L25/03 , H04L25/49
CPC分类号： H03F1/0261 , H03F1/02 , H03F3/24 , H03G3/3047 , H04B2001/045 , H04W52/38 , H04W52/52
摘要： An RF transmitter provides both GSM and EDGE capability by implementing collector voltage control over the power transistor(s) in a power amplifier. During EDGE mode, linear base-biasing a power amplifier (PA) allows collector control to provide either saturated mode PA operation (during ramp up/ramp down) or linear mode PA operation (during data burst). Collector control can therefore be used to provide the accurate ramp up and ramp down profiles required for both GSM and EDGE burst output signals, and can also be used to set the level of the constant envelope data burst of a GSM burst output signal, while linear mode PA operation can provide the non-constant envelope EDGE data burst. A variable gain amplifier is used to adjust the input signal to the power amplifier such that the desired transmission level is achieved.
摘要翻译： RF发射器通过在功率放大器中的功率晶体管上实现集电极电压控制来提供GSM和EDGE能力。在EDGE模式下，功率放大器（PA）的线性基极偏置允许集电极控制提供饱和模式PA操作（斜坡上升/斜降）或线性模式PA操作（数据突发期间）。因此，收集器控制可用于提供GSM和EDGE突发输出信号所需的准确的上升和下降曲线，并且还可用于设置GSM突发输出信号的恒定包络数据突发的电平，而线性模式PA操作可以提供非恒定包络边缘数据突发。可变增益放大器用于调整到功率放大器的输入信号，从而实现所需的传输电平。

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