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1. 发明授权

US5643485A Cooking utensil with improved heat retention 失效
标题翻译：具有改善保温性能的炊具
公开(公告)号：US5643485A
公开(公告)日：1997-07-01
申请号：US343081
申请日：1994-11-21
申请人： Thomas F. Potter , David K. Benson , Steven D. Burch
发明人： Thomas F. Potter , David K. Benson , Steven D. Burch
IPC分类号： A47J27/00 , A47J41/02 , B64G1/22 , B64G1/50 , B64G1/58 , E04B1/76 , E06B3/663 , F01N3/20 , F01N3/28 , F01N5/02 , F01N13/02 , F28F13/00 , H05B6/12 , A47G23/04
CPC分类号： A47J41/028 , A47J27/002 , A47J41/02 , B64G1/22 , B64G1/226 , B64G1/50 , B64G1/58 , E06B3/66304 , F01N13/0097 , F01N3/2006 , F01N3/2882 , F01N3/2889 , F01N5/02 , F28F13/00 , B64G1/503 , E04B2001/7691 , F01N2240/02 , F01N2240/10 , F01N2260/08 , F01N2330/06 , F28F2013/008 , Y02T10/16 , Y02T10/26 , Y10S99/14
摘要： A cooking utensil with improved heat retention includes an inner pot received within an outer pot and separated in a closely spaced-apart relationship to form a volume or chamber therebetween. The chamber is evacuated and sealed with foil leaves at the upper edges of the inner and outer pot. The vacuum created between the inner and outer pot, along with the minimum of thermal contact between the inner and outer pot, and the reduced radiative heat transfer due to low emissivity coatings on the inner and outer pot, provide for a highly insulated cooking utensil. Any combination of a plurality of mechanisms for selectively disabling and re-enabling the insulating properties of the pot are provided within the chamber. These mechanisms may include: a hydrogen gas producing and reabsorbing device such as a metal hydride, a plurality of metal contacts which can be adjusted to bridge the gap between the inner and outer pot, and a plurality of bimetallic switches which can selectively bridge the gap between the inner and outer pot. In addition, phase change materials with superior heat retention characteristics may be provided within the cooking utensil. Further, automatic and programmable control of the cooking utensil can be provided through a microprocessor and associated hardware for controlling the vacuum disable/enable mechanisms to automatically cook and save food.
摘要翻译：具有改进的保温性的烹饪器具包括容纳在外锅内并以彼此间隔开的关系分开的内锅，以在它们之间形成体积或室。室内抽真空并在内锅和外锅的上边缘用箔叶密封。在内罐和外锅之间产生的真空以及内罐和外罐之间的最小热接触以及由于内罐和外罐上的低发射率涂层而减少的辐射热传递提供了高度绝缘的烹饪器具。在室内提供用于选择性地禁用和重新启用罐的绝缘性质的多个机构的任何组合。这些机构可以包括：氢气生成和再吸收装置，例如金属氢化物，可以调节以跨越内锅和外罐之间的间隙的多个金属触点，以及多个双金属开关，其可以选择性地桥接间隙内锅和外锅之间。此外，可以在炊具内提供具有优异保温特性的相变材料。此外，可以通过微处理器和相关联的硬件来提供烹饪器具的自动和可编程控制，以控制真空禁用/启用机构以自动烹饪和保存食物。

2. 发明授权

US5477676A Method and apparatus for thermal management of vehicle exhaust systems 失效
标题翻译：车辆排气系统热管理方法和装置
公开(公告)号：US5477676A
公开(公告)日：1995-12-26
申请号：US188394
申请日：1994-01-27
申请人： David K. Benson , Thomas F. Potter
发明人： David K. Benson , Thomas F. Potter
IPC分类号： A47J27/00 , A47J41/02 , B64G1/22 , B64G1/50 , B64G1/58 , E04B1/76 , E04B1/80 , E04C2/292 , E04C2/34 , E06B3/663 , F01N3/08 , F01N3/20 , F01N3/24 , F01N3/26 , F01N3/28 , F01N5/02 , F01N13/02 , F01N13/14 , F28F13/00 , H01M10/50
CPC分类号： B64G1/22 , B64G1/226 , B64G1/50 , B64G1/58 , E04C2/292 , E04C2/34 , E06B3/66304 , F01N13/0097 , F01N13/14 , F01N3/08 , F01N3/2006 , F01N3/2013 , F01N3/2046 , F01N3/2882 , F01N3/2889 , F01N5/02 , F01N5/025 , F28F13/00 , B64G1/503 , F01N2240/02 , F01N2240/10 , F01N2260/02 , F01N2260/08 , F01N2330/06 , F01N2470/12 , F01N3/2828 , F01N3/2875 , F28F2013/005 , Y02T10/16 , Y02T10/26
摘要： A catalytic converter is surrounded by variable conductance insulation for maintaining the operating temperature of the catalytic converter at an optimum level, for inhibiting heat loss when raising catalytic converter temperature to light-off temperature, for storing excess heat to maintain or accelerate reaching light-off temperature, and for conducting excess heat away from the catalytic converter after reaching light-off temperature. The variable conductance insulation includes vacuum gas control and metal-to-metal thermal shunt mechanisms. Radial and axial shielding inhibits radiation and convection heat loss. Thermal storage media includes phase change material, and heat exchanger chambers and fluids carry heat to and from the catalytic converter.
摘要翻译：催化转化器被可变电导绝缘包围，用于将催化转化器的工作温度保持在最佳水平，用于在将催化转化器温度提高到关闭温度时抑制热损失，用于储存多余的热量以保持或加速达到点火温度，并且在达到关闭温度后从催化转化器传导多余的热量。可变电导绝缘包括真空气体控制和金属对金属热分流机构。径向和轴向屏蔽可抑制辐射和对流热损失。热存储介质包括相变材料，并且热交换器室和流体将热量传递到催化转化器和从催化转化器携带热量。

3. 发明授权

US5433056A Radiation-controlled dynamic vacuum insulation 失效
标题翻译：辐射控制动态真空绝缘
公开(公告)号：US5433056A
公开(公告)日：1995-07-18
申请号：US194933
申请日：1994-02-14
申请人： David K. Benson , Thomas F. Potter
发明人： David K. Benson , Thomas F. Potter
IPC分类号： A47J27/00 , A47J41/02 , B64G1/22 , B64G1/50 , B64G1/58 , E04B1/76 , E04B1/80 , E04C2/292 , E04C2/34 , E06B3/663 , F01N3/08 , F01N3/20 , F01N3/28 , F01N5/02 , F01N13/02 , F01N13/14 , F28F13/00 , H01M10/50
CPC分类号： A47J41/02 , A47J27/002 , A47J41/028 , B64G1/22 , B64G1/226 , B64G1/50 , B64G1/58 , E04B1/803 , E04C2/292 , E04C2/34 , E06B3/66304 , F01N13/0097 , F01N3/08 , F01N3/2006 , F01N3/2013 , F01N3/2046 , F01N3/2882 , F01N3/2889 , F01N5/02 , F28F13/00 , H01M10/613 , H01M10/615 , H01M10/647 , H01M10/6554 , H01M10/658 , B64G1/503 , E04B2001/7691 , F01N13/14 , F01N2240/02 , F01N2240/10 , F01N2260/02 , F01N2260/08 , F01N2330/06 , F01N2470/12 , F28F2013/008 , Y02B80/12 , Y02T10/16 , Y02T10/26 , Y10T428/26
摘要： A compact vacuum insulation panel comprising a chamber enclosed by two sheets of metal, glass-like spaces disposed in the chamber between the sidewalls, and a high-grade vacuum in the chamber that includes apparatus and methods for enabling and disabling, or turning "on" and "off" the thermal insulating capability of the panel. One type of enabling and disabling apparatus and method includes a metal hydride for releasing hydrogen gas into the chamber in response to heat, and a hydrogen grate between the metal hydride and the chamber for selectively preventing and allowing return of the hydrogen gas to the metal hydride. Another type of enabling and disabling apparatus and method includes a variable emissivity coating on the sheets of metal in which the emissivity is controllably variable by heat or electricity. Still another type of enabling and disabling apparatus and method includes metal-to-metal contact devices that can be actuated to establish or break metal-to-metal heat paths or thermal short circuits between the metal sidewalls.
摘要翻译：一种紧凑的真空绝热板，包括由两片金属制成的室，设置在侧壁之间的室中的玻璃状空间和室中的高级真空，其包括用于启用或禁用或打开的装置和方法 “和”关闭“面板的隔热能力。一种使能和禁用装置和方法包括用于响应于热将氢气释放到室中的金属氢化物和金属氢化物和室之间的氢格栅，用于选择性地防止并允许氢气返回到金属氢化物。另一种类型的启用和禁用装置和方法包括在金属片上的可变发射率涂层，其中发射率由热或电可控地变化。另一种类型的使能和禁用装置和方法包括金属对金属接触装置，其可被致动以建立或断开金属到金属的热路径或金属侧壁之间的热短路。

4. 发明授权

US5318108A Gas-controlled dynamic vacuum insulation with gas gate 失效
标题翻译：气控动态真空绝缘与气门
公开(公告)号：US5318108A
公开(公告)日：1994-06-07
申请号：US960885
申请日：1992-10-14
申请人： David K. Benson , Thomas F. Potter
发明人： David K. Benson , Thomas F. Potter
IPC分类号： A47J27/00 , A47J41/02 , B64G1/22 , B64G1/50 , B64G1/58 , E04B1/76 , E04B1/80 , E04C2/292 , E04C2/34 , E06B3/663 , F01N3/08 , F01N3/20 , F01N3/28 , F01N5/02 , F01N13/02 , F01N13/14 , F28F13/00 , H01M10/50
CPC分类号： A47J41/02 , A47J27/002 , A47J41/028 , B64G1/22 , B64G1/226 , B64G1/50 , B64G1/58 , E04B1/803 , E04C2/292 , E04C2/34 , E06B3/66304 , F01N13/0097 , F01N3/08 , F01N3/2006 , F01N3/2013 , F01N3/2046 , F01N3/2882 , F01N3/2889 , F01N5/02 , F28F13/00 , H01M10/613 , H01M10/615 , H01M10/647 , H01M10/6554 , H01M10/658 , B64G1/503 , E04B2001/7691 , F01N13/14 , F01N2240/02 , F01N2240/10 , F01N2260/02 , F01N2260/08 , F01N2330/06 , F01N2470/12 , F28F2013/008 , Y02B80/12 , Y02T10/16 , Y02T10/26 , Y10T428/26
摘要： Disclosed is a dynamic vacuum insulation comprising sidewalls enclosing an evacuated chamber and gas control means for releasing hydrogen gas into a chamber to increase gas molecule conduction of heat across the chamber and retrieving hydrogen gas from the chamber. The gas control means includes a metal hydride that absorbs and retains hydrogen gas at cooler temperatures and releases hydrogen gas at hotter temperatures; a hydride heating means for selectively heating the metal hydride to temperatures high enough to release hydrogen gas from the metal hydride; and gate means positioned between the metal hydride and the chamber for selectively allowing hydrogen to flow or not to flow between said metal hydride and said chamber.
摘要翻译：公开了一种动态真空绝热体，其包括封闭真空室的侧壁和用于将氢气释放到室中的气体控制装置，以增加气体分子通过室的传导并从室中回收氢气。气体控制装置包括金属氢化物，其在较冷的温度下吸收和保留氢气并在较热的温度下释放氢气; 氢化物加热装置，用于选择性地将金属氢化物加热至足以从金属氢化物释放氢气的温度; 以及位于所述金属氢化物和所述室之间的栅极装置，用于选择性地允许氢在所述金属氢化物和所述室之间流动或不流动。

5. 发明授权

US5562154A Material-controlled dynamic vacuum insulation 失效
标题翻译：材料控制动态真空绝热
公开(公告)号：US5562154A
公开(公告)日：1996-10-08
申请号：US194932
申请日：1994-02-14
申请人： David K. Benson , Thomas F. Potter
发明人： David K. Benson , Thomas F. Potter
IPC分类号： A47J27/00 , A47J41/02 , B64G1/22 , B64G1/50 , B64G1/58 , E04B1/76 , E04B1/80 , E04C2/292 , E04C2/34 , E06B3/663 , F01N3/08 , F01N3/20 , F01N3/28 , F01N5/02 , F01N13/02 , F01N13/14 , F28F13/00 , H01M10/50 , F28F27/00
CPC分类号： A47J41/02 , A47J27/002 , A47J41/028 , B64G1/22 , B64G1/226 , B64G1/50 , B64G1/58 , E04B1/803 , E04C2/292 , E04C2/34 , E06B3/66304 , F01N13/0097 , F01N3/08 , F01N3/2006 , F01N3/2013 , F01N3/2046 , F01N3/2882 , F01N3/2889 , F01N5/02 , F28F13/00 , H01M10/613 , H01M10/615 , H01M10/647 , H01M10/6554 , H01M10/658 , B64G1/503 , E04B2001/7691 , F01N13/14 , F01N2240/02 , F01N2240/10 , F01N2260/02 , F01N2260/08 , F01N2330/06 , F01N2470/12 , F28F2013/008 , Y02B80/12 , Y02T10/16 , Y02T10/26 , Y10T428/26
摘要： A compact vacuum insulation panel comprising a chamber enclosed by two sheets of metal, glass-like spaces disposed in the chamber between the sidewalls, and a high-grade vacuum in the chamber includes apparatus and methods for enabling and disabling, or turning "on" and "off" the thermal insulating capability of the panel. One type of enabling and disabling apparatus and method includes a metal hydride for releasing hydrogen gas into the chamber in response to heat, and a hydrogen grate between the metal hydride and the chamber for selectively preventing and allowing return of the hydrogen gas to the metal hydride. Another type of enabling and disabling apparatus and method includes a variable emissivity coating on the sheets of metal in which the emissivity is controllably variable by heat or electricity. Still another type of enabling and disabling apparatus and method includes metal-to-metal contact devices that can be actuated to establish or break metal-to-metal heat paths or thermal short circuits between the metal sidewalls.
摘要翻译：一种紧凑的真空绝热板，包括由两片金属制成的室，设置在侧壁之间的室中的玻璃状空间和室中的高级真空，包括用于启用或禁用或打开“ 和“关闭”面板的隔热能力。一种使能和禁用装置和方法包括用于响应于热将氢气释放到室中的金属氢化物和金属氢化物和室之间的氢格栅，用于选择性地防止和允许氢气返回到金属氢化物。另一种类型的启用和禁用装置和方法包括在金属片上的可变发射率涂层，其中发射率由热或电可控地变化。另一种类型的使能和禁用装置和方法包括金属对金属接触装置，其可被致动以建立或断开金属到金属的热路径或金属侧壁之间的热短路。

6. 发明授权

US5175975A Compact vacuum insulation 失效
标题翻译：紧凑型真空绝缘
公开(公告)号：US5175975A
公开(公告)日：1993-01-05
申请号：US856840
申请日：1992-03-23
申请人： David K. Benson , Thomas F. Potter
发明人： David K. Benson , Thomas F. Potter
IPC分类号： A47J27/00 , A47J41/02 , B64G1/22 , B64G1/50 , B64G1/58 , E04B1/76 , E04B1/80 , E04C2/34 , E06B3/663 , F01N3/20 , F01N3/28 , F01N5/02 , F01N13/02 , F28F13/00
CPC分类号： F01N3/2882 , A47J27/002 , A47J41/028 , B64G1/22 , B64G1/226 , B64G1/50 , B64G1/58 , E04B1/803 , E04C2/34 , E06B3/66304 , F01N13/0097 , F01N3/2006 , F01N3/2889 , F01N5/02 , F28F1/02 , F28F1/40 , F28F13/00 , F28F13/12 , F28F3/06 , E04B2001/7691 , F01N2240/02 , F01N2240/10 , F01N2260/08 , F01N2330/06 , Y02B80/12 , Y02T10/16 , Y02T10/26 , Y10T428/24612
摘要： An ultra-thin compact vacuum insulation panel is comprised of two hard, but bendable metal wall sheets closely spaced apart from each other and welded around the edges to enclose a vacuum chamber. Glass or ceramic spacers hold the wall sheets apart. The spacers can be discrete spherical beads or monolithic sheets of glass or ceramic webs with nodules protruding therefrom to form essentially "point" or "line" contacts with the metal wall sheets. In the case of monolithic spacers that form "line" contacts, two such spacers with the line contacts running perpendicular to each other form effectively "point" contacts at the intersections. Corrugations accommodate bending and expansion, tubular insulated pipes and conduits, and preferred applications are also included.
摘要翻译：超薄紧凑型真空绝热面板由两个彼此紧密间隔的硬的可弯曲的金属壁板组成，并且围绕边缘焊接以封闭真空室。玻璃或陶瓷间隔件将墙板分开。间隔物可以是离散的球形珠或玻璃或陶瓷网的整体片，其中从其突出的结节形成与金属壁片基本上“点”或“线”接触。在形成“线”接触的单片隔离件的情况下，具有彼此垂直的线接触的两个这样的间隔件在交叉点处有效地“点”接触。波纹可适应弯曲和膨胀，管状绝缘管和导管，还包括优选应用。

7. 发明授权

US5157893A Compact vacuum insulation 失效
标题翻译：紧凑型真空绝缘
公开(公告)号：US5157893A
公开(公告)日：1992-10-27
申请号：US535782
申请日：1990-06-12
申请人： David K. Benson , Thomas F. Potter
发明人： David K. Benson , Thomas F. Potter
IPC分类号： E04B1/90 , A47J27/00 , A47J41/02 , B64G1/22 , B64G1/50 , B64G1/58 , E04B1/76 , E04B1/80 , E04C2/292 , E04C2/34 , E06B3/663 , F01N3/20 , F01N3/28 , F01N5/02 , F01N13/02 , F16L59/06 , F28F13/00
CPC分类号： F01N3/2046 , A47J27/002 , A47J41/028 , B64G1/22 , B64G1/226 , B64G1/50 , B64G1/58 , E04B1/803 , E04C2/292 , E04C2/34 , E06B3/66304 , F01N13/0097 , F01N3/2006 , F01N3/2882 , F01N3/2889 , F01N5/02 , F28F1/02 , F28F1/40 , F28F13/00 , F28F13/12 , F28F3/06 , A47L15/4209 , E04B2001/7691 , F01N2240/02 , F01N2240/10 , F01N2260/08 , F01N2330/06 , Y02B80/12 , Y02T10/16 , Y02T10/26
摘要： Improved compact insulation panel is provided which is comprised of two adjacent metal sheets spaced close together with a plurality of spherical, or other discretely shaped, glass or ceramic beads optimally positioned between the sheets to provide support and maintain the spacing between the metal sheets when the gases therebetween are evacuated to form a vacuum. These spherical glass beads provide the maximum support while minimizing thermal conductance. In its preferred embodiment; these two metal sheets are textured with ribs or concave protrusions in conjunction with the glass beads to maximize the structural integrity of the panels while increasing the spacing between beads, thereby reducing the number of beads and the number of thermal conduction paths. Glass or porcelain-enameled liners in combination with the glass spacers and metal sidewalls effectively decrease thermal conductivity, and variious laminates, including wood, porcelain-enameled metal, and others effectively increase the strength and insulation capabilities of the panels. Also, a metal web is provided to hold the spacers in place, and strategic grooves are shown to accommodate expansion and contraction or shaping of the panels.
摘要翻译：提供了改进的紧凑型绝缘面板，其由两个相邻的金属板组成，两个相邻的金属板与多个球形或其他离散成形的玻璃或陶瓷珠彼此间隔开，该玻璃或陶瓷珠优化地定位在片之间以提供支撑并保持金属片之间的间隔将它们之间的气体抽真空以形成真空。这些球形玻璃珠提供最大的支持，同时最小化热传导。在其优选实施方案中; 这两个金属板与玻璃珠结合的肋或凹突起纹理，以最大化板的结构完整性，同时增加珠之间的间隔，从而减少珠的数量和热传导路径的数量。玻璃或瓷搪瓷衬里与玻璃间隔件和金属侧壁结合有效地降低了导热性，并且包括木材，瓷搪瓷金属等的各种层压板有效地增加了面板的强度和绝缘能力。此外，提供金属腹板以将间隔件保持在适当位置，并且示出了楔形凹槽以适应面板的膨胀和收缩或成形。

8. 发明授权

US5107649A Compact vacuum insulation embodiments 失效
标题翻译：紧凑型真空绝缘实施例
公开(公告)号：US5107649A
公开(公告)日：1992-04-28
申请号：US473641
申请日：1990-02-01
申请人： David K. Benson , Thomas F. Potter
发明人： David K. Benson , Thomas F. Potter
IPC分类号： A47J27/00 , A47J41/02 , B64G1/22 , B64G1/50 , B64G1/58 , E04B1/76 , E04B1/80 , E04C2/34 , E06B3/663 , F01N3/20 , F01N3/28 , F01N5/02 , F01N13/02 , F28F13/00
CPC分类号： A47J41/028 , A47J27/002 , B64G1/22 , B64G1/226 , B64G1/50 , B64G1/58 , E04B1/803 , E04C2/34 , E06B3/66304 , F01N13/0097 , F01N3/2006 , F01N3/2882 , F01N3/2889 , F01N5/02 , F28F13/00 , E04B2001/7691 , F01N2240/02 , F01N2240/10 , F01N2260/08 , F01N2330/06 , Y02B80/12 , Y02T10/16 , Y02T10/26 , Y10T428/231 , Y10T428/233
摘要： An ultra-thin compact vacuum insulation panel is comprised of two hard, but bendable metal wall sheets closely spaced apart from each other and welded around the edges to enclose a vacuum chamber. Glass or ceramic spacers hold the wall sheets apart. The spacers can be discrete spherical beads or monolithic sheets of glass or ceramic webs with nodules protruding therefrom to form essentially "point" or "line" contacts with the metal wall sheets. In the case of monolithic spacers that form "line" contacts, two such spacers with the line contacts running perpendicular to each other form effectively "point" contacts at the intersections. Corrugations accommodate bending and expansion, tubular insulated pipes and conduits, and preferred applications are also included.
摘要翻译：超薄紧凑型真空绝热面板由两个彼此紧密间隔的硬的可弯曲的金属壁板组成，并且围绕边缘焊接以封闭真空室。玻璃或陶瓷间隔件将墙板分开。间隔物可以是离散的球形珠或玻璃或陶瓷网的整体片，其中从其突出的结节形成与金属壁片基本上“点”或“线”接触。在形成“线”接触的单片隔离件的情况下，具有彼此垂直的线接触的两个这样的间隔件在交叉点处有效地“点”接触。波纹可适应弯曲和膨胀，管状绝缘管和导管，还包括优选应用。

9. 发明授权

US5813454A Variably insulating portable heater/cooler 失效
标题翻译：可变绝缘便携式加热器/冷却器
公开(公告)号：US5813454A
公开(公告)日：1998-09-29
申请号：US716822
申请日：1996-09-10
申请人： Thomas F. Potter
发明人： Thomas F. Potter
IPC分类号： B64G1/22 , B64G1/50 , B64G1/58 , E04B1/76 , E06B3/663 , F01N3/20 , F01N3/28 , F01N5/02 , F01N13/02 , F28F13/00 , H01M2/10 , F28F27/00
CPC分类号： F01N3/2046 , B64G1/226 , B64G1/50 , B64G1/58 , E06B3/66304 , F01N13/0097 , F01N3/2006 , F01N3/2882 , F01N3/2889 , F01N5/02 , F28F13/00 , H01M2/1094 , B64G1/503 , E04B2001/7691 , F01N2240/02 , F01N2240/10 , F01N2260/08 , F01N2330/06 , F28F2013/008 , Y02T10/16 , Y02T10/26
摘要： A compact vacuum insulation panel comprising a chamber enclosed by two sheets of metal, glass-like spaces disposed in the chamber between the sidewalls, and a high-grade vacuum in the chamber includes apparatus and methods for enabling and disabling, or turning "on" and "off" the thermal insulating capability of the panel. One type of enabling and disabling apparatus and method includes a metal hydride for releasing hydrogen gas into the chamber in response to heat, and a hydrogen grate between the metal hydride and the chamber for selectively preventing and allowing return of the hydrogen gas to the metal hydride. Another type of enabling and disabling apparatus and method includes a variable emissivity coating on the sheets of metal in which the emissivity is controllably variable by heat or electricity. Still another type of enabling and disabling apparatus and method includes metal-to-metal contact devices that can be actuated to establish or break metal-to-metal heat paths or thermal short circuits between the metal sidewalls.
摘要翻译：一种紧凑的真空绝热板，包括由两片金属制成的室，设置在侧壁之间的室中的玻璃状空间和室中的高级真空，包括用于启用或禁用或打开“ 和“关闭”面板的隔热能力。一种使能和禁用装置和方法包括用于响应于热将氢气释放到室中的金属氢化物和金属氢化物和室之间的氢格栅，用于选择性地防止并允许氢气返回到金属氢化物。另一种类型的启用和禁用装置和方法包括在金属片上的可变发射率涂层，其中发射率由热或电可控地变化。另一种类型的使能和禁用装置和方法包括金属对金属接触装置，其可被致动以建立或断开金属到金属的热路径或金属侧壁之间的热短路。

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