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1. 发明申请

US20100316412A1 IMAGE FORMING APPARATUS 有权
公开(公告)号：US20100316412A1
公开(公告)日：2010-12-16
申请号：US12849499
申请日：2010-08-03
申请人： Teruyuki MITSUMORI , Kozo Ishio , Hiroaki Takamura , Masaya Oota , Shiho Sano , Takeshi Oowada , Masakazu Sugihara , Teruki Senokuti , Shiro Yasutomi , Yumi Hirabaru
发明人： Teruyuki MITSUMORI , Kozo Ishio , Hiroaki Takamura , Masaya Oota , Shiho Sano , Takeshi Oowada , Masakazu Sugihara , Teruki Senokuti , Shiro Yasutomi , Yumi Hirabaru
IPC分类号： G03G15/00
CPC分类号： G03G13/08 , G03G9/0819 , G03G15/08
摘要： An image forming apparatus comprising an electrophotographic photoreceptor having a photosensitive layer on an electroconductive substrate, and a toner for developing an electrostatic charge image, wherein the photosensitive layer of the electrophotographic photoreceptor contains a phthalocyanine obtained via an acid paste step; the toner for developing an electrostatic charge image is a toner for developing an electrostatic charge image containing toner matrix particles formed in an aqueous medium; the toner has a volume median diameter (Dv50) of from 4.0 μm to 7.0 μm; and the relationship between the volume median diameter (Dv50) and the percentage in number (Dns) of toner particles having a particle diameter of from 2.00 μm to 3.56 μm satisfies the following formula (1): Dns≦0.233 EXP(17.3/Dv50) (1)

2. 发明申请

US20120039630A1 IMAGE FORMING APPARATUS 审中-公开
标题翻译：图像形成装置
公开(公告)号：US20120039630A1
公开(公告)日：2012-02-16
申请号：US13237180
申请日：2011-09-20
申请人： Teruyuki Mitsumori , Kozo Ishio , Hiroaki Takamura , Masaya Oota , Shiho Sano , Takeshi Oowada , Masakazu Sugihara , Teruki Senokuti , Shiro Yasutomi , Yumi Hirabaru
发明人： Teruyuki Mitsumori , Kozo Ishio , Hiroaki Takamura , Masaya Oota , Shiho Sano , Takeshi Oowada , Masakazu Sugihara , Teruki Senokuti , Shiro Yasutomi , Yumi Hirabaru
IPC分类号： G03G15/00
CPC分类号： G03G13/08 , G03G9/0819 , G03G15/08
摘要： An image forming apparatus containing an electrophotographic photoreceptor and a toner for developing an electrostatic charge image, where the electrophotographic photoreceptor has an electroconductive substrate with a surface roughness Ra of from 0.01 μm to 0.3 μm; the toner for developing an electrostatic charge image is a toner for developing an electrostatic charge image containing toner matrix particles formed in an aqueous medium; the toner has a volume median diameter (Dv50) of from 4.0 μm to 7.0 μm; and the relationship between the volume median diameter (Dv50) and the percentage in number (Dns) of toner particles having a particle diameter of from 2.00 μm to 3.56 μm satisfies formula (1): Dns≦0.233EXP(17.3/Dv50) (1) where Dv50 is the volume median diameter (μm) of the toner, and Dns is the percentage in number of toner particles having a particle diameter of from 2.00 μm to 3.56 μm.
摘要翻译：含有电子照相感光体和静电荷图像显影用调色剂的图像形成装置，其中电子照相感光体具有表面粗糙度Ra为0.01μm〜0.3μm的导电性基体; 用于显影静电荷图像的调色剂是用于显影含有在水性介质中形成的调色剂基质颗粒的静电荷图像的调色剂; 调色剂的体积中值粒径（Dv50）为4.0μm〜7.0μm; 体积中值粒径（Dv50）与粒径为2.00μm〜3.56μm的调色剂粒子的数量（Dns）之间的关系满足式（1）：Dns＆nlE; 0.233EXP（17.3 / Dv50）（1 ）其中Dv50是调色剂的体积中值直径（μm），Dns是粒径为2.00μm至3.56μm的调色剂颗粒数的百分比。

3. 发明授权

US08974998B2 Method of image forming with a photoreceptor and toner 有权
标题翻译：用感光体和调色剂成像的方法
公开(公告)号：US08974998B2
公开(公告)日：2015-03-10
申请号：US13232021
申请日：2011-09-14
申请人： Teruyuki Mitsumori , Kozo Ishio , Hiroaki Takamura , Masaya Oota , Shiho Sano , Takeshi Oowada , Masakazu Sugihara , Teruki Senokuti , Shiro Yasutomi , Yumi Hirabaru
发明人： Teruyuki Mitsumori , Kozo Ishio , Hiroaki Takamura , Masaya Oota , Shiho Sano , Takeshi Oowada , Masakazu Sugihara , Teruki Senokuti , Shiro Yasutomi , Yumi Hirabaru
IPC分类号： G03G9/08 , G03G15/08 , G03G13/08
CPC分类号： G03G13/08 , G03G9/0819 , G03G15/08
摘要： A method of forming an image including an electrophotographic photoreceptor and a toner, wherein a photosensitive layer in the electrophotographic photoreceptor includes an undercoat layer including metal oxide particles, a charge generation layer including hydroxygallium phthalocyanine, and a charge transport layer, and the toner contains toner matrix particles formed in an aqueous medium; the toner has a volume median diameter (Dv50) of from 4.0 μm to 7.0 μm; and the relationship between the volume median diameter (Dv50) and the percentage in number (Dns) of toner particles having a particle diameter of from 2.00 μm to 3.56 μm satisfies—0.0517EXP(22.4/Dv50)≦Dns≦0.233EXP(17.3/Dv50) where Dv50 is the volume median diameter (μm) of the toner, and Dns is the percentage in number of toner particles having a particle diameter of from 2.00 μm to 3.56 μm.
摘要翻译：一种形成包括电子照相感光体和调色剂的图像的方法，其中电子照相感光体中的感光层包括包含金属氧化物颗粒的底涂层，包含羟基镓酞菁的电荷产生层和电荷传输层，并且调色剂含有调色剂在水性介质中形成的基质颗粒; 调色剂的体积中值粒径（Dv50）为4.0μm〜7.0μm; 体积中值粒径（Dv50）与粒径为2.00μm〜3.56μm的调色剂粒子的数量（Dns）的关系满足-0.0517EXP（22.4 / Dv50）＆nlE; Dns＆NlE; 0.233EXP（17.3 / Dv50）其中Dv50是调色剂的体积中值直径（μm），Dns是粒径为2.00μm至3.56μm的调色剂颗粒数的百分比。

4. 发明授权

US08211602B2 Image forming apparatus 有权
标题翻译：图像形成装置
公开(公告)号：US08211602B2
公开(公告)日：2012-07-03
申请号：US12849499
申请日：2010-08-03
申请人： Teruyuki Mitsumori , Kozo Ishio , Hiroaki Takamura , Masaya Oota , Shiho Sano , Takeshi Oowada , Masakazu Sugihara , Teruki Senokuti , Shiro Yasutomi , Yumi Hirabaru
发明人： Teruyuki Mitsumori , Kozo Ishio , Hiroaki Takamura , Masaya Oota , Shiho Sano , Takeshi Oowada , Masakazu Sugihara , Teruki Senokuti , Shiro Yasutomi , Yumi Hirabaru
IPC分类号： G03G9/08
CPC分类号： G03G13/08 , G03G9/0819 , G03G15/08
摘要： An image forming apparatus comprising an electrophotographic photoreceptor having a photosensitive layer on an electroconductive substrate, and a toner for developing an electrostatic charge image, wherein the photosensitive layer of the electrophotographic photoreceptor contains a phthalocyanine obtained via an acid paste step; the toner for developing an electrostatic charge image is a toner for developing an electrostatic charge image containing toner matrix particles formed in an aqueous medium; the toner has a volume median diameter (Dv50) of from 4.0 μm to 7.0 μm; and the relationship between the volume median diameter (Dv50) and the percentage in number (Dns) of toner particles having a particle diameter of from 2.00 μm to 3.56 μm satisfies the following formula (1): Dns≦0.233 EXP(17.3/Dv50) (1).
摘要翻译：一种图像形成装置，包括在导电性基体上具有感光层的电子照相感光体和静电荷图像显影用调色剂，其中，电子照相感光体的感光层含有通过酸性糊剂步骤得到的酞菁; 用于显影静电荷图像的调色剂是用于显影含有在水性介质中形成的调色剂基质颗粒的静电荷图像的调色剂; 调色剂的体积中值粒径（Dv50）为4.0μm〜7.0μm; 体积中值粒径（Dv50）与粒径为2.00μm〜3.56μm的调色剂粒子的数量（Dns）的关系满足下式（1）：Dns＆nlE; 0.233 EXP（17.3 / Dv50）（1）。

5. 发明申请

US20090053634A1 Image Forming Apparatus 审中-公开
标题翻译：图像形成装置
公开(公告)号：US20090053634A1
公开(公告)日：2009-02-26
申请号：US12295469
申请日：2007-03-30
申请人： Teruyuki Mitsumori , Kozo Ishio , Hiroaki Takamura , Masaya Oota , Shiho Sano , Takeshi Oowada , Masakazu Sugihara , Teruki Senokuti , Shiro Yasutomi , Yumi Hirabaru
发明人： Teruyuki Mitsumori , Kozo Ishio , Hiroaki Takamura , Masaya Oota , Shiho Sano , Takeshi Oowada , Masakazu Sugihara , Teruki Senokuti , Shiro Yasutomi , Yumi Hirabaru
IPC分类号： G03G5/06 , G03G15/06 , G03G15/02 , G03G9/08
CPC分类号： G03G13/08 , G03G9/0819 , G03G15/08
摘要： To provide a toner excellent in the image stability, whereby the image quality can be improved while suppressing soiling of image white parts, residual images (ghosts), fading (blotted image follow-up properties), etc., cleaning properties are good, and even when a high speed printing machine is used, it is possible to reduce a problem of soiling, etc.An image forming apparatus comprising an electrophotographic photoreceptor and a toner for developing an electrostatic charge image, wherein a photosensitive layer of the electrophotographic photoreceptor contains a resin having a structural unit represented by the following formula (A); the toner for developing an electrostatic charge image is a toner for developing an electrostatic charge image containing toner matrix particles formed in an aqueous medium; the toner has a volume median diameter (Dv50) of from 4.0 μm to 7.0 μm; and the relationship between the volume median diameter (Dv50) and the percentage in number (Dns) of toner particles having a particle diameter of from 2.00 μm to 3.56 μm satisfies the following formula (1): where X1 is a single bond or a connecting group having no cyclic structure, and each of Y1 to Y8 which are independent of one another, is a hydrogen atom or a substituent having at most 20 carbon atoms; Dns≦0.233EXP(17.3/Dv50) (1)
摘要翻译：为了提供图像稳定性优异的调色剂，可以在抑制图像白色部分的残留，残留图像（重影），褪色（印迹图像随访特性）等的同时，提高图像质量，清洗性能良好，即使使用高速印刷机也可以减少污染等问题。包括电子照相感光体和静电荷图像显影用调色剂的图像形成装置，其中电子照相感光体的感光层含有具有由下式（A）表示的结构单元的树脂; 用于显影静电荷图像的调色剂是用于显影含有在水性介质中形成的调色剂基质颗粒的静电荷图像的调色剂; 调色剂具有4.0μm至7.0μm的体积中值直径（Dv50）; 体积中值粒径（Dv50）与粒径为2.00μm〜3.56μm的调色剂颗粒的数量（Dns）的关系满足下式（1）：其中X1是单键或连接不具有环状结构的基团，并且彼此独立的Y1〜Y8中的每一个为氢原子或具有至多20个碳原子的取代基; <？in-line-formula description =“In-line Formulas”end =“lead”？> Dns <= 0.233EXP（17.3 / Dv50）（1）<？in-line-formula description =“In-line Formulas” end =“tail”？>

6. 发明申请

US20090041500A1 IMAGE FORMING APPARATUS 审中-公开
标题翻译：图像形成装置
公开(公告)号：US20090041500A1
公开(公告)日：2009-02-12
申请号：US12281705
申请日：2007-03-30
申请人： Teruyuki Mitsumori , Kozo Ishio , Hiroaki Takamura , Masaya Oota , Shiho Sano , Takeshi Oowada , Masakazu Sugihara , Teruki Senokuti , Shiro Yasutomi , Yumi Hirabaru
发明人： Teruyuki Mitsumori , Kozo Ishio , Hiroaki Takamura , Masaya Oota , Shiho Sano , Takeshi Oowada , Masakazu Sugihara , Teruki Senokuti , Shiro Yasutomi , Yumi Hirabaru
IPC分类号： G03G15/00
CPC分类号： G03G13/08 , G03G9/0819 , G03G15/08
摘要： To provide an image forming apparatus which is capable of suppressing soiling of image white parts, residual images (ghosts), fading, etc. due to non-uniformity in the particle size distribution of a toner or mismatching between a toner and a photoreceptor and which is able to improve image quality, provides good fixing properties and cleaning properties with little fogging or dot missing, presents good reproducibility of fine lines, and even when a high speed printing machine is used, can reduce a problem of e.g. soiling in a long-term use and presents excellent image stability.An image forming apparatus comprising an electrophotographic photoreceptor and a toner for developing an electrostatic charge image, wherein a photosensitive layer in the electrophotographic photoreceptor comprises an undercoat layer containing a polyamide resin; the toner for developing an electrostatic charge image is a toner for developing an electrostatic charge image containing toner matrix particles formed in an aqueous medium; the toner has a volume median diameter (Dv50) of from 4.0 μm to 7.0 μm; and the relationship between the volume median diameter (Dv50) and the percentage in number (Dns) of toner particles having a particle diameter of from 2.00 μm to 3.56 μm satisfies the following formula (1): Dns≦0.233EXP(17.3/Dv50) (1)
摘要翻译：为了提供一种图像形成装置，其能够抑制图像白色部分的污染，由于调色剂的粒度分布不均匀或调色剂和感光体之间的不匹配引起的残留图像（重影），褪色等，能够提高图像质量，提供良好的定影性能和清洁性能，几乎没有起雾或点丢失，呈现良好的细线重现性，甚至在使用高速印刷机时也可以减少例如长期使用污渍，呈现优异的图像稳定性。一种图像形成装置，包括电子照相感光体和用于显影静电荷图像的调色剂，其中电子照相感光体中的感光层包括含有聚酰胺树脂的底涂层; 用于显影静电荷图像的调色剂是用于显影含有在水性介质中形成的调色剂基质颗粒的静电荷图像的调色剂; 调色剂具有4.0μm至7.0μm的体积中值直径（Dv50）; 体积中值粒径（Dv50）与粒径为2.00μm〜3.56μm的调色剂粒子的数量（Dns）的关系满足下式（1）：＆lt;＆lt;内嵌式说明= “In-line Formulas”end =“lead”？> Dns <= 0.233EXP（17.3 / Dv50）（1）<？in-line-formula description =“In-line Formulas”end =“tail”？>

7. 发明授权

US08221950B2 Image forming apparatus 有权
公开(公告)号：US08221950B2
公开(公告)日：2012-07-17
申请号：US12849461
申请日：2010-08-03
申请人： Teruyuki Mitsumori , Kozo Ishio , Hiroaki Takamura , Masaya Oota , Shiho Sano , Takeshi Oowada , Masakazu Sugihara , Teruki Senokuti , Shiro Yasutomi , Yumi Hirabaru
发明人： Teruyuki Mitsumori , Kozo Ishio , Hiroaki Takamura , Masaya Oota , Shiho Sano , Takeshi Oowada , Masakazu Sugihara , Teruki Senokuti , Shiro Yasutomi , Yumi Hirabaru
IPC分类号： G03G9/08
CPC分类号： G03G13/08 , G03G9/0819 , G03G15/08
摘要： An image forming apparatus comprising an electrophotographic photoreceptor having a photosensitive layer on an electroconductive substrate, and a toner for developing an electrostatic charge image, wherein the photosensitive layer of the electrophotographic photoreceptor contains a phthalocyanine obtained via an acid paste step; the toner for developing an electrostatic charge image is a toner for developing an electrostatic charge image containing toner matrix particles formed in an aqueous medium; the toner has a volume median diameter (Dv50) of from 4.0 μm to 7.0 μm; and the relationship between the volume median diameter (Dv50) and the percentage in number (Dns) of toner particles having a particle diameter of from 2.00 μm to 3.56 μm satisfies the following formula (1): Dns≦0.233 EXP(17.3/Dv50) (1).

8. 发明申请

US20090180807A1 IMAGE FORMING APPARATUS 有权
标题翻译：图像形成装置
公开(公告)号：US20090180807A1
公开(公告)日：2009-07-16
申请号：US12295320
申请日：2007-03-30
申请人： Teruyuki Mitsumori , Kozo Ishio , Hiroaki Takamura , Masaya Oota , Shiho Sano , Takeshi Oowada , Masakazu Sugihara , Teruki Senokuti , Shiro Yasutomi , Yumi Hirabaru
发明人： Teruyuki Mitsumori , Kozo Ishio , Hiroaki Takamura , Masaya Oota , Shiho Sano , Takeshi Oowada , Masakazu Sugihara , Teruki Senokuti , Shiro Yasutomi , Yumi Hirabaru
IPC分类号： G03G15/04 , G03G15/08
CPC分类号： G03G13/08 , G03G9/0819 , G03G15/08
摘要： To provide an image forming apparatus which is able to improve image quality while suppressing soiling of image white parts, scattering in the apparatus, streaks, fading, etc. due to non-uniformity in the particle size distribution of a toner or mismatching between a toner and a photoreceptor, and which has good cleaning properties, and even when a high speed printing machine is used, is able to reduce a problem of soiling, etc. in long-term use and provide excellent image stability.An image forming apparatus comprising an electrophotographic photoreceptor having a photosensitive layer on an electroconductive substrate, and a toner for developing an electrostatic charge image, wherein the photosensitive layer of the electrophotographic photoreceptor contains a phthalocyanine obtained via an acid paste step; the toner for developing an electrostatic charge image is a toner for developing an electrostatic charge image containing toner matrix particles formed in an aqueous medium; the toner has a volume median diameter (Dv50) of from 4.0 μm to 7.0 μm; and the relationship between the volume median diameter (Dv50) and the percentage in number (Dns) of toner particles having a particle diameter of from 2.00 μm to 3.56 μm satisfies the following formula (1): Dns≦0.233 EXP(17.3/Dv50) (1)
摘要翻译：为了提供能够提高图像质量的图像形成装置，同时抑制图像白色部分的污染，由于调色剂的粒度分布不均匀而导致的装置散射，条纹，褪色等，或者调色剂的不匹配和感光体，并且具有良好的清洁性能，并且即使使用高速印刷机，能够在长期使用中减少污渍等问题，并且提供优异的图像稳定性。一种图像形成装置，包括在导电性基体上具有感光层的电子照相感光体和静电荷图像显影用调色剂，其中，电子照相感光体的感光层含有通过酸性糊剂步骤得到的酞菁; 用于显影静电荷图像的调色剂是用于显影含有在水性介质中形成的调色剂基质颗粒的静电荷图像的调色剂; 调色剂具有4.0μm至7.0μm的体积中值直径（Dv50）; 体积中值粒径（Dv50）与粒径为2.00μm〜3.56μm的调色剂粒子的数量（Dns）的关系满足下式（1）：＆lt; “In-line formula”end =“lead”？> Dns <= 0.233 EXP（17.3 / Dv50）（1）<？in-line-formula description =“In-line Formulas”end =“tail”？>

9. 发明授权

US08064796B2 Image forming apparatus 有权
标题翻译：图像形成装置
公开(公告)号：US08064796B2
公开(公告)日：2011-11-22
申请号：US12295320
申请日：2007-03-30
申请人： Teruyuki Mitsumori , Kozo Ishio , Hiroaki Takamura , Masaya Ota , Shiho Sano , Takeshi Oowada , Masakazu Sugihara , Teruki Senokuti , Shiro Yasutomi , Yumi Hirabaru
发明人： Teruyuki Mitsumori , Kozo Ishio , Hiroaki Takamura , Masaya Ota , Shiho Sano , Takeshi Oowada , Masakazu Sugihara , Teruki Senokuti , Shiro Yasutomi , Yumi Hirabaru
IPC分类号： G03G15/06 , G03G9/08
CPC分类号： G03G13/08 , G03G9/0819 , G03G15/08
摘要： To provide an image forming apparatus which is able to improve image quality while suppressing soiling of image white parts, scattering in the apparatus, streaks, fading, etc. due to non-uniformity in the particle size distribution of a toner or mismatching between a toner and a photoreceptor, and which has good cleaning properties, and even when a high speed printing machine is used, is able to reduce a problem of soiling, etc. in long-term use and provide excellent image stability.An image forming apparatus comprising an electrophotographic photoreceptor having a photosensitive layer on an electroconductive substrate, and a toner for developing an electrostatic charge image, wherein the photosensitive layer of the electrophotographic photoreceptor contains a phthalocyanine obtained via an acid paste step; the toner for developing an electrostatic charge image is a toner for developing an electrostatic charge image containing toner matrix particles formed in an aqueous medium; the toner has a volume median diameter (Dv50) of from 4.0 μm to 7.0 μm; and the relationship between the volume median diameter (Dv50) and the percentage in number (Dns) of toner particles having a particle diameter of from 2.00 μm to 3.56 μm satisfies the following formula (1): Dns≦0.233 EXP(17.3/Dv50) (1).
摘要翻译：为了提供能够提高图像质量的图像形成装置，同时抑制图像白色部分的污染，由于调色剂的粒度分布不均匀而导致的装置散射，条纹，褪色等，或者调色剂的不匹配和感光体，并且具有良好的清洁性能，并且即使使用高速印刷机，能够在长期使用中减少污渍等问题，并且提供优异的图像稳定性。一种图像形成装置，包括在导电性基体上具有感光层的电子照相感光体和静电荷图像显影用调色剂，其中，电子照相感光体的感光层含有通过酸性糊剂步骤得到的酞菁; 用于显影静电荷图像的调色剂是用于显影含有在水性介质中形成的调色剂基质颗粒的静电荷图像的调色剂; 调色剂的体积中值粒径（Dv50）为4.0μm〜7.0μm; 体积中值粒径（Dv50）与粒径为2.00μm〜3.56μm的调色剂粒子的数量（Dns）的关系满足下式（1）：Dns＆nlE; 0.233 EXP（17.3 / Dv50）（1）。

10. 发明授权

US08871413B2 Toners for electrostatic-image development, cartridge employing toner for electrostatic-image development, and image-forming apparatus 有权
公开(公告)号：US08871413B2
公开(公告)日：2014-10-28
申请号：US12679233
申请日：2008-09-19
申请人： Yuzo Kaneko , Masaya Oota , Shiho Sano , Masakazu Sugihara , Teruki Senokuchi , Shiro Yasutomi , Takeshi Owada , Yumi Hirabaru , Takuya Nishikiori , Teruyuki Mitsumori , Kozo Ishio , Hiroaki Takamura
发明人： Yuzo Kaneko , Masaya Oota , Shiho Sano , Masakazu Sugihara , Teruki Senokuchi , Shiro Yasutomi , Takeshi Owada , Yumi Hirabaru , Takuya Nishikiori , Teruyuki Mitsumori , Kozo Ishio , Hiroaki Takamura
IPC分类号： G03G9/08 , G03G9/093 , G03G9/087
CPC分类号： G03G9/0827 , G03G9/0806 , G03G9/0819 , G03G9/0821 , G03G9/0823 , G03G9/08782 , G03G9/09392 , G03G2215/0614 , G03G2221/0005
摘要： An object of the invention is to provide a toner which is effective in improving image quality while inhibiting white-background fouling, residual-image phenomenon (ghost), blurring (suitability for solid printing), and the like that occur depending on the proportion of a fine powder having a particle diameter not larger than a specific value, and which has satisfactory removability in cleaning, mitigates problems concerning fouling, etc. in long-term use even on a high-speed printer, and attains excellent image stability. Another object is to provide an image-forming apparatus and a toner cartridge each employing the toner. The invention provides a toner for electrostatic-image development satisfying all of the following (1) to (4) or a toner for electrostatic-image development which is a toner containing a charge control agent and satisfying all of the following (5) to (7). The invention further provides an image-forming apparatus and a toner cartridge each employing the toner.(1) To have a volume-median diameter (Dv50) of from 4.0 μm to 7.5 μm.(2) To have an average degree of circularity of 0.93 or higher.(3) A volume-median diameter (Dv50) of the toner and population number % of toner particles having a particle diameter of from 2.00 μm to 3.56 μm (Dns) in the toner satisfy the relationship Dns≦0.233 EXP(17.3/Dv50).(4) To have a coefficient of variation in number of 24.0% or lower.(5) To have a volume-median diameter (Dv50) of from 4.0 μm to 7.5 μm.(6) A volume-median diameter (Dv50) of the toner and population number % of toner particles having a particle diameter of from 2.00 μm to 3.56 μm (Dns) in the toner satisfy the relationship Dns≦0.233 EXP(17.3/Dv50).(7) When the charge control agent on the toner surface is cleaned, the resultant depressions have an average diameter of 500 nm or smaller.

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