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1. 发明授权

US3745557A Analog-digital and digital-analog conversion device and method 失效
标题翻译：模拟数字和数字模拟转换器件及方法
公开(公告)号：US3745557A
公开(公告)日：1973-07-10
申请号：US3745557D
申请日：1971-09-27
申请人： TECHNICAL MANAGEMENT SERVICES
发明人： GILBERT R
IPC分类号： H03M1/00 , H03K13/02
CPC分类号： H03M1/42 , H03M1/72
摘要： The conversion of analog into digital signals and digital into analog signals is accomplished with the use of a signal transformer device which produces multiple output voltages whose values vary in accordance with a digital code. Each voltage is a precise multiple of a signal input to the transformer. In the transformer device, means are provided for repeatedly reversing the connections of the input terminals to the primary winding of a transformer, and means are provided for causing the magnetic flux in the core of the transformer to excursion symmetrically below saturation level, thus enabling operation with DC input signals. In the conversion of analog signals into digital signals, there is used a successive approximation method in which the polarity of the correction signal is made opposite to the polarity of the error in the previous approximation of the digital signal. Each correction signal forms a part of the final digital output signal.

2. 发明授权

US3710135A Alternating and direct current transformer using harmonic modulator 失效
标题翻译：使用谐波调制器的交流和直流电流互感器
公开(公告)号：US3710135A
公开(公告)日：1973-01-09
申请号：US3710135D
申请日：1971-01-15
申请人： TECHNICAL MANAGEMENT SERVICES
发明人： GILBERT R
IPC分类号： H01F27/42 , H01F38/04 , H01F38/28 , H03C1/10 , H03K7/02 , H03K17/80
CPC分类号： H01F27/427 , H01F38/04 , H01F38/28
摘要： The harmonic modulator, preferably a single-core second harmonic modulator, is made into a transformer capable of transforming both alternating and direct currents by the use of two output windings on the core, a ''''drive'''' winding and a ''''sense'''' winding. A high-gain amplifier is connected to the drive and sense windings in a first feed-back loop to quickly balance and maintain the voltage across the sense winding at zero, and to thus maintain the rate of change of flux in the core at zero. A second feed-back loop detects the second harmonic content of the output signal from the core, and feeds a signal back to the amplifier to balance out flux caused by very low frequency or direct current input signals. The modulator preferably uses a spiral tape magnetic core whose ends are connected together to form a short-circuited secondary winding for an energizing transformer. The end connection preferable passes through the core laminations so as to avoid unbalancing the device.
摘要翻译：谐波调制器，优选单核二次谐波调制器，被制成变压器，其能够通过使用芯上的两个输出绕组，“驱动”绕组和“感测”绕组来转换交流和直流电流。高增益放大器连接到驱动器并且在第一反馈回路中感测绕组，以便将零感测绕组上的电压快速平衡并保持在零，并且因此将磁芯中的磁通变化率保持为零。第二反馈回路检测来自核心的输出信号的二次谐波含量，并将信号反馈给放大器以平衡由极低频或直流输入信号引起的通量。调制器优选使用螺旋带磁芯，其端部连接在一起以形成用于通电变压器的短路次级绕组。端部连接优选通过芯层叠，以避免装置不平衡。

3. 发明授权

US3786338A Transformer for direct and/or alternating currents 失效
标题翻译：变压器用于直接和/或替代电流
公开(公告)号：US3786338A
公开(公告)日：1974-01-15
申请号：US3786338D
申请日：1971-09-27
申请人： TECHNICAL MANAGEMENT SERVICES
发明人： GILBERT R
IPC分类号： H03M1/00 , G01R7/00 , H01F19/08
CPC分类号： H03M1/42 , H03M1/72
摘要： The transformer device has drive and sense windings, a high-gain differential amplifier for supplying magnetization current and negative feedback from the sense winding to the amplifier. A switching circuit is provided for repeatedly reversing the connections of the input terminals to the primary winding, and circuitry is provided for causing the magnetic flux in the core of the transformer to excursion symmetrically below saturation level, thus enabling operation with D.C. input signals. Specifically, a storage capacitor is charged during one sub-cycle of the switching, and then is connected in series with the input during the next sub-cycle to restore the core magnetization and ensure that the transformer will not saturate. A transformer operable by either A.C. or D.C. is formed by oppositely operating two transformers in which the inputs are reversed and flux levels are controlled to prevent saturation. A transformer with a coaxial winding terminated at each end with its characteristic impedance also is provided. Such termination provides critical damping of voltage transients.
摘要翻译：变压器装置具有驱动和检测绕组，高增益差分放大器，用于从感测绕组向放大器提供磁化电流和负反馈。提供了一种开关电路，用于反复地将输入端子连接到初级绕组，并且提供电路，用于使变压器磁芯中的磁通量对称地偏移到饱和电平以下，从而使得能够用直流输入信号进行操作。具体来说，在开关的一个子周期期间对存储电容器进行充电，然后在下一个子周期期间与输入端串联以恢复磁芯磁化，并确保变压器不会饱和。由A.C.或D.C.可操作的变压器通过相反地操作两个变换器形成，其中输入反转，并且控制通量水平以防止饱和。提供了具有同轴线圈的变压器，每个端部具有其特性阻抗。这种终止提供了电压瞬变的关键阻尼。

4. 发明授权

US3746851A Multiplier, divider and wattmeter using a switching circuit and a pulse-width and frequency modulator 失效
标题翻译：使用切换电路和脉冲宽度调制器的乘法器，分频器和测量计
公开(公告)号：US3746851A
公开(公告)日：1973-07-17
申请号：US3746851D
申请日：1971-12-21
申请人： TECHNICAL MANAGEMENT SERVICES
发明人： GILBERT R
IPC分类号： G01R21/127 , G01R29/027 , G06G7/161 , H03F3/72 , H03K7/02 , H03K7/06 , H03K7/08 , G06G7/16 , G01R11/32
CPC分类号： G06G7/161 , G01R21/127 , G01R29/0273 , H03F3/72 , H03K7/02 , H03K7/06 , H03K7/08
摘要： In the switching circuit, the output signal from a high-gain differential amplifier is caused to reverse polarity by means of the switching of a pair of field-effect transistors. A resistor is connected in series with the inverting lead of the differential amplifier, and a signal source is connected to the resistor at an input terminal. The field-effect transistors are used to connect the non-inverting lead of the differential amplifier alternately between the input terminal and ground. This causes the amplifier output to reverse polarity, and thus provides a very accurate, low-offset means of switching the output of the amplifier. The switching circuit is used in a modulator which permits output pulses to be modulated in width and/or frequency. The reversible output signals of the switching circuit are added to the modulating input signal and the sum is integrated. A level detector changes the polarity of its output voltage whenever the output of the integrator reaches either of two fixed levels. The output of the level detector is used to drive the field-effect transistors to control the switching of the output of the differential amplifier. Such a pulse-width modulator is used to drive a pulse-height modulator so as to form a multiplier. The multiplier can be used to great advantage as a wattmeter by supplying load current and voltage signals to the pulse-width and pulse-height modulators so as to multiply the load current and voltage by one another. The same device can be used as a divider by holding either one input to the pulse-width modulator or the input to the pulse-height modulator constant, while allowing the other of those inputs to be variable and the input to the switching circuit to be the other variable.
摘要翻译：在开关电路中，通过一对场效应晶体管的切换，使高增益差分放大器的输出信号反向极性。电阻与差分放大器的反相引线串联连接，信号源与输入端的电阻相连。场效应晶体管用于在输入端和地之间交替地连接差分放大器的非反相引线。这使得放大器输出反向极性，从而提供了非常精确的低失调装置来切换放大器的输出。开关电路用于允许在宽度和/或频率上调制输出脉冲的调制器。开关电路的可逆输出信号加到调制输入信号上，并且积分。每当积分器的输出达到两个固定电平时，电平检测器就会改变其输出电压的极性。电平检测器的输出用于驱动场效应晶体管以控制差分放大器的输出的切换。这种脉冲宽度调制器用于驱动脉冲高度调制器以形成乘法器。通过向脉冲宽度和脉冲高度调制器提供负载电流和电压信号，乘法器将负载电流和电压相互叠加，可将乘法器用作瓦特计的极大优势。通过将脉冲宽度调制器的一个输入或脉冲高度调制器的输入保持恒定，同时允许这些输入中的另一个可变，并且切换电路的输入为另一个变量。

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