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1. 发明授权

US6048312A Method and apparatus for three-dimensional ultrasound imaging of biopsy needle 失效
标题翻译：活检针三维超声成像的方法和装置
公开(公告)号：US6048312A
公开(公告)日：2000-04-11
申请号：US139373
申请日：1998-08-25
申请人： Syed Omar Ishrak , Mir Said Seyed-Bolorforosh , William Thomas Hatfield , Todd Michael Tillman , Brian Peter Geiser , Gregory R. Bashford , Michael Joseph Washburn
发明人： Syed Omar Ishrak , Mir Said Seyed-Bolorforosh , William Thomas Hatfield , Todd Michael Tillman , Brian Peter Geiser , Gregory R. Bashford , Michael Joseph Washburn
IPC分类号： A61B19/00 , A61B8/06 , A61B17/34 , G01S7/52 , G01S15/89 , A61B8/00
CPC分类号： G01S15/8993 , A61B8/0833 , A61B8/0841 , A61B8/483 , G01S15/8979 , G01S15/8988 , G01S7/52034 , G01S7/52046 , G01S7/5206 , G01S7/52069 , G01S7/52071 , G01S7/52074 , Y10S128/916
摘要： A method and an apparatus for three-dimensional ultrasound imaging of a needle-like instrument, such as a biopsy needle, inserted in a human body. The instrument is visualized by transmitting ultrasound beams toward the instrument and then detecting the echo signals using a linear array of transducer elements. The problem of ultrasound being reflected from a biopsy needle in a direction away from the transducer array is solved by steering the transmitted ultrasound beams to increase the angle at which the beams impinge upon the biopsy needle. Ideally the ultrasound beams are perpendicular to the biopsy needle. This increases the system's sensitivity to the needle because the reflections from the needle are directed closer to the transducer array. This can be accomplished using either the B mode or the color flow mode of an ultrasound imaging system. The acquired data for multiple two-dimensional image frames is gathered in memory to form a data volume, which is then processed to form a three-dimensional image (by projection) or a two-dimensional slice taken at an angle through the data volume. In particular, a two-dimensional slice which is coplanar with the inserted biopsy needle can be imaged.
摘要翻译：一种插入人体的针状器械（例如活检针）的三维超声成像的方法和装置。通过向仪器发射超声波束，然后使用换能器元件的线性阵列检测回波信号来显示仪器。通过转向透射的超声波束来增加横梁撞击活检针的角度来解决超声波在远离换能器阵列的方向从活检针反射的问题。理想情况下，超声波束与活检针垂直。这增加了系统对针的敏感性，因为来自针的反射更靠近换能器阵列。这可以使用超声成像系统的B模式或彩色流动模式来实现。用于多个二维图像帧的采集的数据被收集在存储器中以形成数据量，然后将其处理以形成通过数据量以一定角度拍摄的三维图像（通过投影）或二维切片。特别地，可以对与插入的活检针共面的二维切片进行成像。

2. 发明授权

US5865750A Method and apparatus for enhancing segmentation in three-dimensional ultrasound imaging 失效
标题翻译：用于增强三维超声成像分割的方法和装置
公开(公告)号：US5865750A
公开(公告)日：1999-02-02
申请号：US852699
申请日：1997-05-07
申请人： William Thomas Hatfield , Todd Michael Tillman , Michael John Harsh , David John Muzilla , Anne Lindsay Hall , Mir Said Seyed-Bolorforosh , Michael J. Washburn , David D. Becker
发明人： William Thomas Hatfield , Todd Michael Tillman , Michael John Harsh , David John Muzilla , Anne Lindsay Hall , Mir Said Seyed-Bolorforosh , Michael J. Washburn , David D. Becker
IPC分类号： A61B8/06 , A61B8/08 , G03B42/06 , G06T15/08 , A61B8/00
CPC分类号： G03B42/06 , A61B8/065 , G06T15/08 , A61B8/08 , A61B8/488 , Y10S128/916
摘要： A method and an apparatus for three-dimensional imaging of ultrasound data by constructing projections of data from a volume of interest. An ultrasound scanner collects B-mode or color flow images in a cine memory, i.e., for a multiplicity of slices. A multi-row transducer array having a uniform elevation beamwidth is used to provide reduced slice thickness. The data from a respective region of interest for each of a multiplicity of stored slices is sent to a master controller, such data forming a volume of interest. The master controller performs an algorithm that projects the data in the volume of interest onto a plurality of rotated image planes using a ray-casting technique. The data for each projection is stored in a separate frame in the cine memory. These reconstructed frames are then displayed selectively by the system operator. Segmentation of three-dimensional projection images is enhanced by decreasing the thickness and increasing the resolution (i.e., decreasing the point spread function) of the two-dimensional slices from which the projections are derived. The slice thickness is decreased by increasing the elevational focus of the beam. The two-dimensional resolution is increased by opening the aperture, i.e., decreasing the f-number, and by increasing the band-width.
摘要翻译：一种用于通过构建来自感兴趣体积的数据的投影的超声数据的三维成像的方法和装置。超声波扫描仪在电影存储器中收集B模式或彩色流图像，即多个切片。使用具有均匀的仰角波束宽度的多行换能器阵列来提供减小的切片厚度。将多个存储的片中的每一个的相关感兴趣区域的数据发送到主控制器，这样的数据形成感兴趣的体积。主控制器执行使用光线投射技术将感兴趣体积中的数据投影到多个旋转图像平面上的算法。每个投影的数据存储在电影存储器中的单独帧中。这些重建的帧然后由系统操作员选择性地显示。三维投影图像的分割通过减小厚度并增加从其导出投影的二维切片的分辨率（即减小点扩散函数）来增强。通过增加光束的高程聚焦来减小切片厚度。通过打开孔径即减小f值并通过增加带宽来增加二维分辨率。

3. 发明授权

US06413219B1 Three-dimensional ultrasound data display using multiple cut planes 有权
标题翻译：使用多个切割平面的三维超声数据显示
公开(公告)号：US06413219B1
公开(公告)日：2002-07-02
申请号：US09524596
申请日：2000-03-14
申请人： Ricardo Scott Avila , Lisa Sobierajski Avila , William Thomas Hatfield , Brian Peter Geiser , Vaishali Vilas Kamat , Todd Michael Tillman
发明人： Ricardo Scott Avila , Lisa Sobierajski Avila , William Thomas Hatfield , Brian Peter Geiser , Vaishali Vilas Kamat , Todd Michael Tillman
IPC分类号： A61B800
CPC分类号： A61B8/483 , A61B8/14 , A61B8/463 , G01S7/52034 , G01S7/52068 , G01S7/52073 , G01S15/8993 , Y10S128/916
摘要： A three-dimensional projection image representing a projection of a data volume at a predetermined orientation, three cut plane images representing respective mutually orthogonal planar cuts through the data volume, a graphical representation of the data volume at that orientation and graphical representations of the cut planes are displayed in spaced relationship. Each of the cut planes has a respective positional relationship to the data volume graphic that corresponds to the positional relationship of the respective cut plane to the data volume. The graphical representations are displayed in different colors. Any one of the four images can be active in the sense that images are reconstructed in real-time as a trackball is moved. Which of the four images is active is indicated by displaying the corresponding graphical representation in a color denoting the active state.
摘要翻译：表示在预定取向上的数据量的投影的三维投影图像，表示通过数据卷的各自相互正交的平面切割的三个切割平面图像，在该取向处的数据量的图形表示和切割平面的图形表示以间隔关系显示。每个切割平面与对应于相应切割平面与数据量的位置关系的数据体积图形具有相应的位置关系。图形显示以不同的颜色显示。在这个意义上，四个图像中的任何一个可以是活动的，即当轨迹球被移动时，图像被实时重建。通过以表示活动状态的颜色显示相应的图形表示来指示四个图像中哪一个是活动的。

4. 发明授权

US6102861A Method and apparatus for three-dimensional ultrasound imaging using surface-enhanced volume rendering 有权
标题翻译：使用表面增强体积渲染的三维超声成像的方法和装置
公开(公告)号：US6102861A
公开(公告)日：2000-08-15
申请号：US299031
申请日：1999-04-23
申请人： Ricardo Scott Avila , Lisa Sobierajski Avila , Brian Peter Geiser , William Thomas Hatfield , Vaishali Vilas Kamat , Todd Michael Tillman
发明人： Ricardo Scott Avila , Lisa Sobierajski Avila , Brian Peter Geiser , William Thomas Hatfield , Vaishali Vilas Kamat , Todd Michael Tillman
IPC分类号： A61B8/00 , A61B8/14 , G01S7/52 , G01S15/89 , G06T1/00
CPC分类号： A61B8/483 , A61B8/14 , G01S15/8993 , G01S7/52034 , G01S7/52073 , Y10S128/916
摘要： In performing for three-dimensional ultrasound imaging of an object from any angle relative to the plane of acquisition, a human body is scanned to acquire multiple images forming a data volume. The system computer generates a multiplicity of reformatted slices through the data volume and parallel to the imaging plane. For each projected pixel, a ray is cast through the reformatted slices onto the imaging plane. For each pixel along the ray, the accumulated intensity is calculated as a function of the pixel and opacity values for the pixel being processed, the accumulated intensity calculated at the preceding pixel the remaining opacity for the subsequent pixels. The final accumulated intensity for each ray is obtained when the remaining opacity reaches a predetermined minimum. The accumulated intensities for all cast rays form the projected image.
摘要翻译：在从相对于采集平面的任何角度进行对象的三维超声成像的过程中，扫描人体以获取形成数据量的多个图像。系统计算机通过数据量产生多个重新格式化的切片并平行于成像平面。对于每个投影像素，通过重新格式化的切片将光线投射到成像平面上。对于沿着光线的每个像素，累积强度被计算为被处理的像素的像素和不透明度值的函数，在先前像素处计算的累积强度是后续像素的剩余不透明度。当剩余的不透明度达到预定的最小值时，获得每个射线的最终累积强度。所有投射光线的累积强度形成投影图像。

5. 发明授权

US5934288A Method and apparatus for displaying 3D ultrasound data using three modes of operation 失效
标题翻译：使用三种操作模式显示3D超声数据的方法和装置
公开(公告)号：US5934288A
公开(公告)日：1999-08-10
申请号：US65211
申请日：1998-04-23
申请人： Ricardo Scott Avila , Lisa Sobierajski Avila , Brian Peter Geiser , William Thomas Hatfield , Todd Michael Tillman
发明人： Ricardo Scott Avila , Lisa Sobierajski Avila , Brian Peter Geiser , William Thomas Hatfield , Todd Michael Tillman
IPC分类号： A61B8/06 , G01S7/52 , G06T1/00 , G06T15/08 , G06T19/20 , A61B8/00
CPC分类号： G01S7/52073 , G01S7/52034 , A61B8/06
摘要： A method and an apparatus for allowing the operator of an ultrasound imaging system to switch between two-dimensional slices and three-dimensional projections in such a way that it is easy for the operator to visualize the relationship of the two-dimensional slice to the three-dimensional anatomy. In a "volume rotate" mode, the display screen displays an orientation box along with a three-dimensional projected image generated from a defined data volume. The orientation box provides a visual indication of the shape and orientation of that defined data volume. In a "cut plane" mode, a movable polygon representing a selected two-dimensional slice is displayed inside a stationary orientation box. The polygon provides a visual indication of the orientation and position of the slice relative to the defined data volume. In a "cut plane rotate" mode, a stationary polygon representing a selected two-dimensional slice is displayed inside a rotatable orientation box.
摘要翻译：一种用于允许超声成像系统的操作者在二维切片和三维投影之间切换的方法和装置，使得操作者易于将二维切片与三维切片的关系可视化维度解剖学。在“音量旋转”模式下，显示屏幕显示方向框以及从定义的数据量生成的三维投影图像。方向框提供了定义数据量的形状和方向的可视指示。在“切割平面”模式中，在静止取向框内显示表示所选择的二维切片的可移动多边形。多边形提供切片相对于定义的数据量的方向和位置的可视指示。在“切平面旋转”模式中，将表示所选择的二维切片的固定多边形显示在可旋转取向框内。

6. 发明授权

US06106470A Method and appartus for calculating distance between ultrasound images using sum of absolute differences 有权
标题翻译：使用绝对差的和来计算超声图像之间的距离的方法和附件
公开(公告)号：US06106470A
公开(公告)日：2000-08-22
申请号：US299032
申请日：1999-04-23
申请人： Brian Peter Geiser , William Thomas Hatfield , Vaishali Vilas Kamat , Steven Charles Miller , Larry Y. L. Mo , Todd Michael Tillman , Boris Yamrom
发明人： Brian Peter Geiser , William Thomas Hatfield , Vaishali Vilas Kamat , Steven Charles Miller , Larry Y. L. Mo , Todd Michael Tillman , Boris Yamrom
IPC分类号： A61B8/00 , A61B8/14 , G01N29/06 , G03B42/06 , G06T1/00 , G06T3/00 , G06T7/00
CPC分类号： G06T7/0026 , G03B42/06 , G06T3/0006 , G06T7/0022 , A61B8/14 , G01S15/8936 , G06T2207/30004 , Y10S128/916
摘要： A method and apparatus for calculating the inter-slice spacing in a data volume and registering the slices of that volume using SAD calculations. The resulting transformed data volume is then three-dimensionally reconstructed using a projection technique. If during scanning the probe is translated in the Z direction and at the same time is shifted in the X and/or Y direction, the SAD value will be artificially high. By translating two adjacent images with respect to each other in the X direction and then in the Y direction, and searching for the minimum SAD value, the amount of shift in the X and/or Y direction can be determined and that shift can then be removed. Also by rotating two slices with respect to each other and looking for a minimum SAD value, rotational motion of the probe during scanning can be removed.
摘要翻译：一种用于计算数据卷中的片间间距并使用SAD计算登记该卷的片的方法和装置。然后使用投影技术对所得到的变换数据体进行三维重建。如果在扫描期间探头在Z方向上平移，并且同时在X和/或Y方向上移动，则SAD值将被人为地高。通过在X方向上然后在Y方向上相对于彼此平移两个相邻图像，并且搜索最小SAD值，可以确定X和/或Y方向上的偏移量，然后可以移位删除。同样通过相对于彼此旋转两个切片并寻找最小SAD值，可以去除扫描期间探针的旋转运动。

7. 发明授权

US5899863A Method and apparatus for segmenting B-mode intensity data using doppler shift data in three-dimensional ultrasound imaging 失效
标题翻译：用于在三维超声成像中使用多普勒移位数据分割B模式强度数据的方法和装置
公开(公告)号：US5899863A
公开(公告)日：1999-05-04
申请号：US852259
申请日：1997-05-07
申请人： William Thomas Hatfield , Todd Michael Tillman , Patricia A. Schubert
发明人： William Thomas Hatfield , Todd Michael Tillman , Patricia A. Schubert
IPC分类号： A61B8/06 , G03B42/06 , G06T15/20 , A61B8/00
CPC分类号： G03B42/06 , A61B8/06 , A61B8/13 , Y10S128/916
摘要： A method and an apparatus for improving the segmentation of a three-dimensional B-mode image by limiting the volume of pixel intensity data projected onto the imaging planes. If the volume of interest contains moving ultrasound scatterers, e.g., blood flowing in an artery or vein, the Doppler shift present in the ultrasound reflected from the flowing blood can be detected and then used to limit the amount of pixel data which is projected. The velocity or power data is used to identify those intensity values to be projected onto the imaging plane. This is accomplished by locating a reference data volume of pixels for which the velocity or power value is non-zero and then defining a source data volume which is essentially a function of that reference data volume. The reference data volume comprises pixels acquired from echo return signals reflected by the moving ultrasound scatterers. The source data volume comprises both pixels acquired from echo return signals reflected by the blood flow and pixels acquired from echo return signals reflected by the artery or vein containing that blood flow. Pixels outside the source data volume are not used to reconstruct the projected images of the artery or vein.
摘要翻译：一种通过限制投影到成像平面上的像素强度数据的体积来改进三维B模式图像的分割的方法和装置。如果感兴趣的体积包含移动的超声波散射体，例如在动脉或静脉中流动的血液，则可以检测存在于从流动的血液反射的超声中的多普勒频移，然后用于限制投射的像素数据的量。速度或功率数据用于识别要投影到成像平面上的那些强度值。这是通过定位速度或功率值不为零的像素的参考数据量，然后定义基本上是该参考数据量的函数的源数据量来实现的。参考数据量包括从由移动的超声波散射体反射的回波返回信号获取的像素。源数据量包括从由血流反射的回波信号获取的两个像素和从包含该血流的动脉或静脉反射的回波返回信号获取的像素。源数据量之外的像素不用于重建动脉或静脉的投影图像。

8. 发明授权

US6126603A Method and apparatus for segmenting color flow mode data using velocity information in three-dimensional ultrasound imaging 失效
标题翻译：用于在三维超声成像中使用速度信息分割彩色流模式数据的方法和装置
公开(公告)号：US6126603A
公开(公告)日：2000-10-03
申请号：US852613
申请日：1997-05-07
申请人： William Thomas Hatfield , Todd Michael Tillman , Patricia A. Schubert
发明人： William Thomas Hatfield , Todd Michael Tillman , Patricia A. Schubert
IPC分类号： A61B8/06 , A61B8/08 , G01S7/52 , G01S15/89 , G03B42/06 , G06T5/00 , A61B8/00
CPC分类号： G03B42/06 , A61B8/06 , A61B8/483 , G01S15/8993 , G01S7/52026 , G01S7/52034 , G01S7/52068 , G06T7/0012 , G06T7/0081 , A61B8/08 , A61B8/13 , A61B8/488 , A61B8/543 , G06T2207/10132 , G06T2207/30048 , G06T2207/30104
摘要： A method and an apparatus for segmenting three-dimensional projected velocity images by limiting the volume of velocity data projected onto the imaging planes. If the volume of interest contains flowing blood, i.e., an artery or vein, the Doppler shift present in the ultrasound reflected from the flowing blood can be detected and then used to limit the amount of velocity data which is projected. Only pixels having velocity values within a predetermined range are projected onto the imaging plane.
摘要翻译：通过限制投影到成像平面上的速度数据的体积来分割三维投影速度图像的方法和装置。如果感兴趣的体积含有流动的血液，即动脉或静脉，则可以检测存在于从流动血液反射的超声中的多普勒频移，然后用于限制投影的速度数据的量。仅具有在预定范围内的速度值的像素被投影到成像平面上。

9. 发明授权

US6102864A Three-dimensional ultrasound imaging of velocity and power data using average or median pixel projections 有权
标题翻译：使用平均或中值像素投影的速度和功率数据的三维超声成像
公开(公告)号：US6102864A
公开(公告)日：2000-08-15
申请号：US197787
申请日：1998-11-23
申请人： William Thomas Hatfield , Kai Erik Thomenius , Anne Lindsay Hall , Todd Michael Tillman , Patricia Ann Schubert
发明人： William Thomas Hatfield , Kai Erik Thomenius , Anne Lindsay Hall , Todd Michael Tillman , Patricia Ann Schubert
IPC分类号： A61B8/00 , A61B8/06 , A61B8/08 , G01S7/52 , G01S15/89 , G03B42/06 , G06T5/00
CPC分类号： A61B8/483 , A61B8/06 , G01S15/8993 , G01S7/52026 , G01S7/52034 , G01S7/52068 , G03B42/06 , G06T7/0012 , G06T7/0081 , A61B8/08 , A61B8/13 , A61B8/488 , A61B8/543 , G06T2207/10132 , G06T2207/30048 , G06T2207/30104
摘要： A three-dimensional image of flowing fluid or moving tissue using velocity or power Doppler data is displayed by using an ultrasound scanner that collects velocity or power data in a cine memory to form a volume of pixel data. Average or median pixel values are projected on an image plane by casting rays through the data volume. As the ray passes through each scan plane, a data value is assigned to the ray at that point. At each scan plane, the assigned pixel data value is tested to see if it exceeds a noise threshold. For a given ray, pixel data values above the detection threshold are accumulated until a pixel data value falls below the detection threshold. A minimum number of pixel data values exceeding the threshold are required for each ray before the average of the accumulated values is processed and/or the median value is selected. When all pixels along a given ray have been tested, the projection is complete and the average or median projection is then displayed. Uniformity within the projected image and the sharpness of edges are enhanced by projecting average or median pixel values instead of maximum pixel values.
摘要翻译：使用在电影存储器中收集速度或功率数据的超声波扫描器来显示使用速度或功率多普勒数据的流动流体或移动组织的三维图像，以形成像素数据量。平均或中值像素值通过投射光线通过数据量投影在图像平面上。当光线通过每个扫描平面时，在该点将数据值分配给光线。在每个扫描平面处，测试分配的像素数据值，以查看其是否超过噪声阈值。对于给定的射线，累积高于检测阈值的像素数据值，直到像素数据值低于检测阈值。在处理累积值的平均值和/或选择中值之前，每个射线需要超过阈值的最小数量的像素数据值。当已经测试了给定射线的所有像素时，投影完成，然后显示平均或中值投影。通过投影平均值或中值像素值而不是最大像素值来增强投影图像内的均匀性和边缘的锐度。

10. 发明授权

US5904653A Method and apparatus for three-dimensional ultrasound imaging combining intensity data with color flow velocity or power data 失效
标题翻译：用于三维超声成像的方法和装置，其将强度数据与颜色流速或功率数据相结合
公开(公告)号：US5904653A
公开(公告)日：1999-05-18
申请号：US852258
申请日：1997-05-07
申请人： William Thomas Hatfield , Todd Michael Tillman , Patricia A. Schubert
发明人： William Thomas Hatfield , Todd Michael Tillman , Patricia A. Schubert
IPC分类号： A61B8/06 , G01S7/52 , G01S15/89 , A61B8/00
CPC分类号： G01S15/8993 , G01S7/52034 , G01S7/5206 , G01S7/52066 , G01S7/52074 , G01S7/52071 , Y10S128/916
摘要： A method and an apparatus for three-dimensional imaging of ultrasound data by combining projections of intensity data with projections of velocity or power data from a volume of interest. The apparatus is an ultrasound scanner which collects B-mode or color flow images in a cine memory, i.e., for a multiplicity of slices. The data from a respective region of interest for each slice is sent to a master controller, such data forming a volume of interest. The master controller performs an algorithm that projects the data in the volume of interest on a plurality of rotated image planes using a ray-casting technique. The combined intensity and velocity or power data for each projection is stored in a separate frame in the cine memory. These reconstructed frames are then displayed selectively by the system operator.
摘要翻译：一种用于通过将强度数据的投影与来自感兴趣体积的速度或功率数据的投影组合的超声数据的三维成像的方法和装置。该装置是在电影存储器中收集B模式或彩色流动图像，即多个切片的超声波扫描器。来自每个切片的相关感兴趣区域的数据被发送到主控制器，这样的数据形成感兴趣的体积。主控制器执行一种算法，其使用光线投射技术在多个旋转的图像平面上投影感兴趣的体积中的数据。每个投影的组合强度和速度或功率数据存储在电影存储器中的单独帧中。这些重建的帧然后由系统操作员选择性地显示。

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