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1. 发明授权

US07971078B2 System and method for measurement-based power and energy accounting for virtual machines 有权
标题翻译：用于虚拟机的基于测量的功率和能量计费的系统和方法
公开(公告)号：US07971078B2
公开(公告)日：2011-06-28
申请号：US12172151
申请日：2008-07-11
申请人： Sriram Govindan , Karthick Rajamani , Freeman Leigh Rawson, III
发明人： Sriram Govindan , Karthick Rajamani , Freeman Leigh Rawson, III
IPC分类号： G06F1/32
CPC分类号： G06F1/28
摘要： A method for measurement-based power and energy accounting for virtual machines distributed among at least one hosting device is disclosed. The method comprising determining an energy for the hosting device during a first time interval and a second time interval, partitioning a difference in the determined energy among virtual machines within a plurality of regions of the hosting device, determining a level of activity of each of the resources in each virtual machine within a corresponding one of the regions, determining an energy of each resource in each corresponding virtual machine wherein energy associated with resources shared among an plurality of virtual machines are allocated to a corresponding one of the virtual machines based on a number of requests made to the shared resource by the corresponding virtual machine, determining a total energy for each of the virtual machines in corresponding regions based on a level of activity of the virtual machine and the energy associated with the corresponding shared resources, and determining a power for each of the virtual machines by dividing the determined total energy by a length of the time interval.
摘要翻译：公开了一种在至少一个托管设备之间分布的虚拟机的基于测量的功率和能量计费方法。该方法包括：在第一时间间隔和第二时间间隔期间确定所述主机设备的能量，对所述主机设备的多个区域内的虚拟机之间的所确定的能量的差异进行分区;确定所述主机设备在相应的一个区域内的每个虚拟机中的资源，确定每个对应的虚拟机中的每个资源的能量，其中与多个虚拟机之间共享的资源相关联的能量基于数目被分配给相应的一个虚拟机基于所述虚拟机的活动级别和与所述对应的共享资源相关联的能量，确定相应区域中的每个所述虚拟机的总能量，以及确定所述虚拟机的功率对于每个虚拟机，通过将确定的总能量除以一段时间间隔。

2. 发明申请

US20120079500A1 PROCESSOR USAGE ACCOUNTING USING WORK-RATE MEASUREMENTS 审中-公开
标题翻译：处理者使用工资率计量的会计
公开(公告)号：US20120079500A1
公开(公告)日：2012-03-29
申请号：US12893748
申请日：2010-09-29
申请人： Michael S. Floyd , Christopher Francois , Naresh Nayar , Karthick Rajamani , Freeman Leigh Rawson, III , Randal C. Swanberg
发明人： Michael S. Floyd , Christopher Francois , Naresh Nayar , Karthick Rajamani , Freeman Leigh Rawson, III , Randal C. Swanberg
IPC分类号： G06F9/46
CPC分类号： G06Q30/06 , G06F11/3409 , G06F11/3438
摘要： Accounting charges are assigned to workloads by measuring a relative use of computing resources by the workloads, then scaling the results using determined work-rate for the corresponding workload. Usage metrics for the individual resources may be selectable for the resources being measured and the work-rates may be determined from an analytical model or from empirical model that determines work-rates from an indication of processor throughput. Under single workload conditions on a platform, or other suitable conditions, a workload type may be used to select the particular usage metrics applied for the various resources.
摘要翻译：通过测量工作负载的计算资源的相对使用，然后使用确定的相应工作负载工作率来缩放结果，将会计费用分配给工作负载。可以针对被测量的资源选择各个资源的使用度量，并且可以从分析模型或经验模型确定工作速率，该经验模型根据处理器吞吐量的指示来确定工作率。在平台上的单个工作负载条件或其他合适的条件下，可以使用工作负载类型来选择应用于各种资源的特定使用度量。

3. 发明授权

US07681054B2 Processing performance improvement using activity factor headroom 失效
标题翻译：使用活动因子净空处理性能提升
公开(公告)号：US07681054B2
公开(公告)日：2010-03-16
申请号：US11538131
申请日：2006-10-03
申请人： Soraya Ghiasi , Thomas Walter Keller , Karthick Rajamani , Freeman Leigh Rawson, III , Juan C. Rubio
发明人： Soraya Ghiasi , Thomas Walter Keller , Karthick Rajamani , Freeman Leigh Rawson, III , Juan C. Rubio
IPC分类号： G06F1/32 , G06F1/26
CPC分类号： G06F1/3203 , G06F1/329 , G06F11/3466 , G06F2201/88 , Y02D10/24 , Y02D10/34
摘要： Processing system performance is improved while meeting power management constraints in a processing system by using activity factor headroom estimation. The method and system estimate the power consumption of the system from a model that relates measured activities at a present operating point to power consumption for any available operating point of one or more processors in the system. The method then chooses the operating point(s) with the highest performance among the available operating points that will still meet budgetary constraints or specific thresholds of power consumption. The budgetary constraints or specific thresholds may be dynamically adjusted, and the method will update the operating point(s) to maintain safe operation and maximize performance. The method provides the best performance for the executing workload while ensuring safe operation.
摘要翻译：通过使用活动因子余量估算来满足处理系统中的电力管理限制，处理系统性能得到改善。该方法和系统从将系统中的一个或多个处理器的任何可用操作点与当前操作点的测量活动相关联的模型估计系统的功耗。然后，该方法在可用的操作点中选择具有最高性能的工作点，这些操作点仍将满足预算约束或功耗的特定阈值。可以动态地调整预算限制或特定阈值，并且该方法将更新操作点以维持安全操作并使性能最大化。该方法为执行工作负载提供最佳性能，同时确保安全操作。

4. 发明授权

US07533003B2 Weighted event counting system and method for processor performance measurements 有权
标题翻译：加权事件计数系统和处理器性能测量方法
公开(公告)号：US07533003B2
公开(公告)日：2009-05-12
申请号：US11951310
申请日：2007-12-05
申请人： Michael S. Floyd , Soraya Ghiasi , Thomas W. Keller, Jr. , Karthick Rajamani , Freeman Leigh Rawson, III , Juan C. Rubio
发明人： Michael S. Floyd , Soraya Ghiasi , Thomas W. Keller, Jr. , Karthick Rajamani , Freeman Leigh Rawson, III , Juan C. Rubio
IPC分类号： G01F19/00
CPC分类号： G06F11/3466 , G06F11/348 , G06F2201/86 , G06F2201/88
摘要： A weighted event counting system and method for processor performance measurements provides low latency and low error performance measurement capability. A weighted performance counter accumulates a performance count according to a plurality of event signals provided from functional units in the processor. Differing weights are applied to the event signals in according to the correlation between each event with processor performance. The weights may be provided from programmable registers, so that the weights can be adjusted under program control. The event signals may be combined to reduce the bit-width of the set of event signal, with mutually-exclusive events merged in single fields of the combinatorial result and events having the same weights merged according to a sub-total. The weights are applied to the combinatorial result and used to update a performance count. The performance count can then be used by power management software or hardware to make adjustments in operating parameters of the processor.
摘要翻译：用于处理器性能测量的加权事件计数系统和方法提供低延迟和低误差性能测量能力。加权性能计数器根据从处理器中的功能单元提供的多个事件信号累加性能计数。根据具有处理器性能的每个事件之间的相关性，将不同的权重应用于事件信号。权重可以由可编程寄存器提供，以便可以在程序控制下调整权重。事件信号可以被组合以减少事件信号集合的位宽，其中在组合结果的单个字段中合并相互排斥的事件和具有根据子总计合并的相同权重的事件。权重应用于组合结果，用于更新性能计数。电源管理软件或硬件可以使用性能计数来对处理器的运行参数进行调整。

5. 发明授权

US08341628B2 Controlling depth and latency of exit of a virtual processor's idle state in a power management environment 失效
标题翻译：在电源管理环境中控制虚拟处理器空闲状态退出的深度和延迟
公开(公告)号：US08341628B2
公开(公告)日：2012-12-25
申请号：US12645597
申请日：2009-12-23
申请人： Richard Louis Arndt , Christopher Francois , Naresh Nayar , Karthick Rajamani , Freeman Leigh Rawson, III , Randal Craig Swanberg
发明人： Richard Louis Arndt , Christopher Francois , Naresh Nayar , Karthick Rajamani , Freeman Leigh Rawson, III , Randal Craig Swanberg
IPC分类号： G06F9/455 , G06F1/00
CPC分类号： G06F9/45533 , G06F9/45541 , G06F2009/45575
摘要： A mechanism is provided in a logically partitioned data processing system for controlling depth and latency of exit of a virtual processor's idle state. A virtualization layer generates a cede latency setting information (CLSI) data. Responsive to booting a logical partition, the virtualization layer communicates the CLSI data to an operating system (OS) of the logical partition. The OS determines, based on the CLSI data, a particular idle state of a virtual processor under a control of the OS. Responsive to the OS calling the virtualization layer, the OS communicates the particular idle state of the virtual processor to the virtualization layer for assigning the particular idle state and wake-up characteristics to the virtual processor.
摘要翻译：在逻辑分区的数据处理系统中提供一种机制，用于控制虚拟处理器的空闲状态的退出的深度和等待时间。一个虚拟化层产生一个雪松延迟设置信息（CLSI）数据。响应于引导逻辑分区，虚拟化层将CLSI数据传送到逻辑分区的操作系统（OS）。 OS根据CLSI数据确定在OS控制下的虚拟处理器的特定空闲状态。响应于调用虚拟化层的OS，OS将虚拟处理器的特定空闲状态传送到虚拟化层，以将特定的空闲状态和唤醒特性分配给虚拟处理器。

6. 发明授权

US07340378B1 Weighted event counting system and method for processor performance measurements 失效
标题翻译：加权事件计数系统和处理器性能测量方法
公开(公告)号：US07340378B1
公开(公告)日：2008-03-04
申请号：US11565106
申请日：2006-11-30
申请人： Michael S. Floyd , Soraya Ghiasi , Thomas W. Keller, Jr. , Karthick Rajamani , Freeman Leigh Rawson, III , Juan C. Rubio
发明人： Michael S. Floyd , Soraya Ghiasi , Thomas W. Keller, Jr. , Karthick Rajamani , Freeman Leigh Rawson, III , Juan C. Rubio
IPC分类号： G06F19/00
CPC分类号： G06F11/3466 , G06F11/348 , G06F2201/86 , G06F2201/88
摘要： A weighted event counting system and method for processor performance measurements provides low latency and low error performance measurement capability. A weighted performance counter accumulates a performance count according to a plurality of event signals provided from functional units in the processor. Differing weights are applied to the event signals in according to the correlation between each event with processor performance. The weights may be provided from programmable registers, so that the weights can be adjusted under program control. The event signals may be combined to reduce the bit-width of the set of event signal, with mutually-exclusive events merged in single fields of the combinatorial result and events having the same weights merged according to a sub-total. The weights are applied to the combinatorial result and used to update a performance count. The performance count can then be used by power management software or hardware to make adjustments in operating parameters of the processor.
摘要翻译：用于处理器性能测量的加权事件计数系统和方法提供低延迟和低误差性能测量能力。加权性能计数器根据从处理器中的功能单元提供的多个事件信号累加性能计数。根据具有处理器性能的每个事件之间的相关性，将不同的权重应用于事件信号。权重可以由可编程寄存器提供，从而可以在程序控制下调整权重。事件信号可以被组合以减少事件信号集合的位宽，其中在组合结果的单个字段中合并相互排斥的事件和具有根据子总计合并的相同权重的事件。权重应用于组合结果，用于更新性能计数。电源管理软件或硬件可以使用性能计数来对处理器的运行参数进行调整。

7. 发明授权

US09329670B2 Predicting energy savings 有权
标题翻译：预测节能
公开(公告)号：US09329670B2
公开(公告)日：2016-05-03
申请号：US13488822
申请日：2012-06-05
申请人： Malcolm S. Allen-Ware , Wei Huang , Fadi M. Kassem , Karthick Rajamani , Todd J. Rosedahl , Guillermo J. Silva
发明人： Malcolm S. Allen-Ware , Wei Huang , Fadi M. Kassem , Karthick Rajamani , Todd J. Rosedahl , Guillermo J. Silva
IPC分类号： G01F1/32 , G06F1/32
CPC分类号： G06F1/329 , Y02D10/24
摘要： A mechanism is provided for estimating energy/power consumption of a fixed-frequency operating mode while system is running in dynamic power management mode. For each time interval in a plurality of time intervals within a time period: a first processor identifies a modeled total nominal power value for at least one second processor during a current time interval, stores the modeled total nominal power value for the current time interval in a storage, identifies a dynamic power management mode power value for the at least one second processor in the data processing system during the current interval, and stores the dynamic power management mode power value for the current time interval in the storage. Responsive to the time period expiring, a comparison is produced of a plurality of modeled total nominal power values and a plurality of dynamic power management mode power values over the time period.
摘要翻译：提供了一种用于在系统以动态功率管理模式运行时估计固定频率操作模式的能量/功率消耗的机制。对于在一段时间段内的多个时间间隔中的每个时间间隔：第一处理器在当前时间间隔期间识别至少一个第二处理器的建模总额定功率值，将建模的总额定功率值存储在当前时间间隔中存储器，在当前间隔期间识别数据处理系统中的至少一个第二处理器的动态功率管理模式功率值，并将当前时间间隔的动态功率管理模式功率值存储在存储器中。响应于时间段到期，在该时间段内产生多个建模的总额定功率值和多个动态功率管理模式功率值的比较。

8. 发明授权

US08719527B2 Increasing memory capacity in power-constrained systems 有权
标题翻译：在功率有限的系统中增加内存容量
公开(公告)号：US08719527B2
公开(公告)日：2014-05-06
申请号：US13460044
申请日：2012-04-30
申请人： John Bruce Carter , Wei Huang , Karthick Rajamani , Kshitij Sudan , Joanne B. Rawson
发明人： John Bruce Carter , Wei Huang , Karthick Rajamani , Freeman Leigh Rawson, III , Kshitij Sudan
IPC分类号： G06F12/06
CPC分类号： G06F12/08 , G06F1/3275 , G06F9/5094 , G06F2212/1028 , G11C5/04 , Y02D10/13 , Y02D10/14 , Y02D10/22
摘要： A method for increasing a capacity of a memory is provided in the illustrative embodiments. Using an application executing using a processor wherein the memory includes a set of ranks, the memory is configured to form a cold tier and a hot tier, the cold tier including a first subset of ranks from the set of ranks in the memory, and the hot tier including a second subset of ranks from the set of ranks in the memory. A determination is made whether a page to which a memory access request is directed is located in the cold tier in the memory. In response to the page being located in the cold tier of the memory, the processing of the memory access request is throttled by processing the memory access request with a delay.
摘要翻译：在说明性实施例中提供了用于增加存储器的容量的方法。使用使用处理器执行的应用程序，其中所述存储器包括一组等级，所述存储器被配置为形成冷层和热层，所述冷层包括来自所述存储器中的所述一组等级的第一子群，热层包括来自内存中的一组排名的第二个子集。确定存储器访问请求所指向的页面是否位于存储器中的冷层中。响应于页面位于存储器的冷层中，通过以延迟处理存储器访问请求来限制存储器访问请求的处理。

9. 发明授权

US08635381B2 System, method and computer program product for monitoring memory access 失效
标题翻译：用于监控内存访问的系统，方法和计算机程序产品
公开(公告)号：US08635381B2
公开(公告)日：2014-01-21
申请号：US12869591
申请日：2010-08-26
申请人： Richard L. Arndt , Karthick Rajamani , Jeffrey A. Stuecheli
发明人： Richard L. Arndt , Karthick Rajamani , Jeffrey A. Stuecheli
IPC分类号： G06F3/00
CPC分类号： G06F11/3485 , G06F2201/88
摘要： According to one aspect of the present disclosure a method and technique for monitoring memory access is disclosed. The method includes monitoring, by a plurality of memory controllers, access to a memory unit, wherein each memory controller is associated with a different range of memory addresses of the memory unit, and wherein each memory controller monitors access for its associated range of memory addresses. The method also includes updating an incrementor with access data corresponding to accesses to the memory unit, wherein each memory controller updates the access data based on access of its associated range of memory addresses. The method further includes storing, by each respective memory controller, the updated access data in a cache corresponding to the respective range of memory addresses and, responsive to the updated access data for a respective range of memory addresses exceeding a threshold, storing the access data for the respective range of memory addresses in memory unit.
摘要翻译：根据本公开的一个方面，公开了一种用于监视存储器访问的方法和技术。该方法包括通过多个存储器控制器监视对存储器单元的访问，其中每个存储器控制器与存储器单元的存储器地址的不同范围相关联，并且其中每个存储器控制器监视对其相关联的存储器地址范围的访问。该方法还包括使用与对存储器单元的访问相对应的访问数据来更新增量器，其中每个存储器控制器基于其相关联的存储器地址范围的访问来更新访问数据。该方法还包括由每个相应的存储器控制器将更新的访问数据存储在与存储器地址的相应范围相对应的高速缓存中，并且响应于对于超过阈值的存储器地址的相应范围的更新的访问数据，存储访问数据对于存储器单元中的各个存储器地址范围。

10. 发明授权

US08448006B2 Performing virtual and/or physical resource management for power management 失效
标题翻译：执行电源管理的虚拟和/或物理资源管理
公开(公告)号：US08448006B2
公开(公告)日：2013-05-21
申请号：US12907190
申请日：2010-10-19
申请人： Michael S. Floyd , Christopher Francois , Naresh Nayar , Karthick Rajamani , Freeman L. Rawson, III , Randal C. Swanberg , Malcolm S. Ware
发明人： Michael S. Floyd , Christopher Francois , Naresh Nayar , Karthick Rajamani , Freeman L. Rawson, III , Randal C. Swanberg , Malcolm S. Ware
IPC分类号： G06F1/32
CPC分类号： G06F9/5094 , G06F1/3206 , G06F1/3228 , G06F1/3287 , G06F1/329 , Y02D10/171 , Y02D10/22 , Y02D10/24
摘要： A mechanism is provided for directed resource folding for power management. The mechanism receives a set of static platform characteristics and a set of dynamic platform characteristics for a set of resources associated with the data processing system thereby forming characteristic information. The mechanism determines whether one or more conditions have been met for each resource in the set of resources using the characteristic information. Responsive to the one or more conditions being met, the mechanism performs a resource optimization to determine at least one of a first subset of resources in the set of resources to keep active and a second subset of resources in the set of resources to dynamically fold. Based on the resource optimization, the mechanism performs either a virtual resource optimization to optimally schedule the first subset of resources or a physical resource optimization to dynamically fold the second subset of resources.
摘要翻译：提供了一种用于电源管理的定向资源折叠的机制。该机制接收与数据处理系统相关联的一组资源的一组静态平台特性和一组动态平台特性，从而形成特征信息。该机制使用特征信息确定资源集合中的每个资源是否满足一个或多个条件。响应于满足的一个或多个条件，机制执行资源优化以确定资源集合中的资源的第一子集中的至少一个以保持活动，并且该资源集合中的资源的第二子集动态地折叠。基于资源优化，该机制执行虚拟资源优化以优化调度资源的第一子集或物理资源优化以动态地折叠资源的第二子集。

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