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1. 发明授权

US07039229B2 Locating regions in a target image using color match, luminance pattern match and hill-climbing techniques 有权
标题翻译：使用颜色匹配，亮度图案匹配和爬山技术来定位目标图像中的区域
公开(公告)号：US07039229B2
公开(公告)日：2006-05-02
申请号：US10005548
申请日：2001-10-26
申请人： Siming Lin , Dinesh Nair , Darren R. Schmidt
发明人： Siming Lin , Dinesh Nair , Darren R. Schmidt
IPC分类号： G09K9/00
CPC分类号： G06K9/6293 , G06K9/3241 , G06K9/4652
摘要： A system and method for locating regions in a target image matching a template image with respect to color and pattern information. The template image is characterized with regard to pattern and color. A first-pass search is made using color information from the color characterization of the template image to find color match candidate locations preferably via a hill-climbing technique. For each color match candidate location, a luminance pattern matching search is performed, optionally using a hill-climbing technique, on a region proximal to the location, producing final match regions. For each final match region a hue plane pattern match score may be calculated using pixel samples from the interior of each pattern. A final color match score may be calculated for each final match region. A final score is calculated from luminance pattern match, color match, and possibly hue pattern match, scores, and the scores and sum output.
摘要翻译：一种用于在与颜色和图案信息相匹配的模板图像中定位目标图像中的区域的系统和方法。模板图像的特征在于图案和颜色。使用来自模板图像的颜色表征的颜色信息进行首次搜索，以优选地通过爬山技术来找到匹配候选位置。对于每个颜色匹配候选位置，在靠近该位置的区域上执行亮度图案匹配搜索（可选地使用爬山技术），产生最终匹配区域。对于每个最终匹配区域，可以使用来自每个图案的内部的像素样本来计算色调平面图案匹配分数。可以针对每个最终匹配区域计算最终颜色匹配分数。从亮度模式匹配，颜色匹配和可能的色调模式匹配，分数以及得分和总和输出计算最终得分。

2. 发明授权

US07046842B2 System and method for color characterization using fuzzy pixel classification with application in color matching and color match location 有权
公开(公告)号：US07046842B2
公开(公告)日：2006-05-16
申请号：US09737531
申请日：2000-12-13
申请人： Siming Lin , Dinesh Nair , Darren Schmidt
发明人： Siming Lin , Dinesh Nair , Darren Schmidt
IPC分类号： G06K9/00
CPC分类号： G06K9/3241 , G06K9/4652 , G06K9/6293 , G06T7/001 , G06T2207/10024 , G06T2207/30141
摘要： A system and method for measuring the similarity of multiple-color images and for locating regions of a target image having color information that matches, at least to a degree, the color information of a template image. A color characterization method operates to characterize the colors of an image and to measure the similarity between multiple-color images. For each image pixel, the method determines a color category or bin for the respective pixel based on HSI values of the respective pixel, wherein the color category is one of a plurality of possible color categories in HSI color space. In various embodiments, the weight of the pixel may be fractionally distributed across a plurality of color categories, e.g., as determined by applying fuzzy pixel classification with a fuzzy membership function. The percentage of pixels assigned to each category is then determined. The percentage of pixels in each color category is then used as a color feature vector to represent the color information of the color image. A quantitative measurement of the color similarity between color images is then computed based on the distance between their color feature vectors. Once the color information of a template image has been characterized, a target image may be searched in order to locate regions within the target image having matching color information. In one embodiment, a coarse-to-fine heuristic may be utilized, in which multiple search stages of decreasing granularity are performed. A first-stage search may operate to identify a list of candidate match regions based on the city-block distance of the color feature vector computed using a sub-sampling scheme. These candidate match regions may then be examined in further detail in order to determine final matches.

3. 发明授权

US06963425B1 System and method for locating color and pattern match regions in a target image 有权
标题翻译：用于在目标图像中定位颜色和图案匹配区域的系统和方法
公开(公告)号：US06963425B1
公开(公告)日：2005-11-08
申请号：US09638271
申请日：2000-08-14
申请人： Dinesh Nair , Siming Lin , Darren Schmidt , Nicolas Vazqúez
发明人： Dinesh Nair , Siming Lin , Darren Schmidt , Nicolas Vazqúez
IPC分类号： G06F15/00 , G06K1/00
CPC分类号： G06T7/0006 , G06K9/4652 , G06K9/6203 , G06T7/90 , G06T2207/30141
摘要： A system and method for locating regions in a target image that match a template image with respect to color and pattern information. The method may comprise performing a first-pass search using color information obtained in a color characterization analysis of the template image in order to find a plurality of color match candidate locations. For each color match candidate location, a region proximal to the location may then be searched in detail, based on pattern information obtained in a pattern analysis of the template image.
摘要翻译：一种用于在目标图像中定位与模板图像相对于颜色和图案信息匹配的区域的系统和方法。该方法可以包括使用在模板图像的颜色表征分析中获得的颜色信息来执行第一遍搜索，以便找到多个颜色匹配候选位置。对于每个颜色匹配候选位置，可以基于在模板图像的模式分析中获得的模式信息来详细搜索靠近该位置的区域。

4. 发明授权

US06944331B2 Locating regions in a target image using color matching, luminance pattern matching and hue plane pattern matching 有权
标题翻译：使用颜色匹配，亮度图案匹配和色调平面图案匹配来定位目标图像中的区域
公开(公告)号：US06944331B2
公开(公告)日：2005-09-13
申请号：US10014945
申请日：2001-10-26
申请人： Darren R. Schmidt , Kevin L. Schultz , Siming Lin , Dinesh Nair
发明人： Darren R. Schmidt , Kevin L. Schultz , Siming Lin , Dinesh Nair
IPC分类号： G06F15/00 , G06K9/00 , G06K9/62 , G06T5/00 , G06T7/00 , G06T7/40 , H03F1/26 , H04B15/00
CPC分类号： G06T7/001 , G06T7/32 , G06T7/90 , G06T2200/24 , G06T2207/10016
摘要： A system and method for locating regions in a target image that match a template image with respect to color and pattern information. The template image is characterized with regard to pattern and color. The method comprises performing a first-pass search using color information from the color characterization of the template image to find one or more color match candidate locations. For each color match candidate location, a luminance, i.e., gray scale, pattern matching search is performed on a region proximal to the location, producing one or more final match regions. For each final match region a hue plane pattern match score may be calculated using pixel samples from the interior of each pattern. A final color match score may be calculated for each final match region. A weighted sum of luminance pattern match, hue pattern match, and color match scores may be calculated, and the scores and sum output.
摘要翻译：一种用于在目标图像中定位与模板图像相对于颜色和图案信息匹配的区域的系统和方法。模板图像的特征在于图案和颜色。该方法包括使用来自模板图像的颜色表征的颜色信息来执行首次搜索以找到一个或多个颜色匹配候选位置。对于每个颜色匹配候选位置，在靠近该位置的区域上执行亮度，即灰度，模式匹配搜索，产生一个或多个最终匹配区域。对于每个最终匹配区域，可以使用来自每个图案的内部的像素样本来计算色调平面图案匹配分数。可以针对每个最终匹配区域计算最终颜色匹配分数。可以计算亮度模式匹配，色调模式匹配和颜色匹配分数的加权和，并计算得分和总和输出。

5. 发明授权

US06757428B1 System and method for color characterization with applications in color measurement and color matching 有权
标题翻译：用于颜色测量和颜色匹配应用的颜色表征的系统和方法
公开(公告)号：US06757428B1
公开(公告)日：2004-06-29
申请号：US09375453
申请日：1999-08-17
申请人： Siming Lin , Dinesh Nair
发明人： Siming Lin , Dinesh Nair
IPC分类号： G06K900
CPC分类号： G06K9/6293 , G06K9/3241 , G06K9/4652 , G06T7/001 , G06T2207/10024 , G06T2207/30141
摘要： A color characterization method operates to analyze each respective pixel of at least a subset of the pixels of an image object. The image is obtained in HSI format, or alternatively converted from another format to HSI. For each respective pixel, the method determines a color category or bin for the respective pixel based on values of the respective pixel. The color category is one a plurality of possible color categories or bins in the HSI color space. As the pixels are analyzed and assigned to color categories, the method stores information in tho computer regarding the number or percentage or pixels in each of the color categories. A color matching method uses the color characterization method. The color matching method determines similarity of colors between a template image object and a region of interest (ROI). The color matching method first performs the above color characterization technique on each of a template image object and a ROI (region of interest) and then generates match information based on the color information of the template image object and the color information of the ROI, wherein this match information indicates the similarity of colors between the template image object and the ROI.
摘要翻译：颜色表征方法用于分析图像对象的像素的至少一个子集的每个相应像素。图像以HSI格式获得，或者从另一种格式转换为HSI。对于每个相应的像素，该方法基于相应像素的值来确定相应像素的颜色类别或块。颜色类别是HSI颜色空间中多种可能的颜色分类或分类中的一种。当像素被分析并分配给颜色类别时，该方法将关于每个颜色类别中的数量或像素的信息存储在计算机中。颜色匹配方法使用颜色表征方法。颜色匹配方法确定模板图像对象和感兴趣区域（ROI）之间的颜色的相似度。颜色匹配方法首先在模板图像对象和ROI（感兴趣区域）中的每一个上执行上述颜色表征技术，然后基于模板图像对象的颜色信息和ROI的颜色信息生成匹配信息，其中该匹配信息表示模板图像对象和ROI之间的颜色的相似度。

6. 发明授权

US07233700B2 System and method for signal matching and characterization 有权
标题翻译：用于信号匹配和表征的系统和方法
公开(公告)号：US07233700B2
公开(公告)日：2007-06-19
申请号：US11105761
申请日：2005-04-14
申请人： Ram Rajagopal , Lothar Wenzel , Dinesh Nair , Darren Schmidt
发明人： Ram Rajagopal , Lothar Wenzel , Dinesh Nair , Darren Schmidt
IPC分类号： G06K9/62 , G06K9/36
CPC分类号： G06K9/00496 , G06F17/15 , G06K9/52 , G06K9/522 , G06K9/6203
摘要： A system and method for selecting a best match of a received input signal from a set of candidate signals, wherein two or more of the candidate signals are uncorrelated. In a preprocessing phase a signal transform (UST) is determined from the candidate signals. The UST converts each candidate signal to a generalized frequency domain. The UST is applied at a generalized frequency to each candidate signal to calculate corresponding generalized frequency component values (GFCVs) for each candidate signal. At runtime, the input signal of interest is received, and the UST is applied at the generalized frequency to the input signal of interest to calculate a corresponding GFCV. The best match is determined between the GFCV of the input signal of interest and the GFCVs of each of the set of candidate signals. Finally, information indicating the best match candidate signal from the set of candidate signals is output.
摘要翻译：一种用于从一组候选信号中选择接收的输入信号的最佳匹配的系统和方法，其中两个或更多个候选信号是不相关的。在预处理阶段，从候选信号确定信号变换（UST）。 UST将每个候选信号转换成广义频域。 UST以广义频率应用于每个候选信号，以计算每个候选信号的相应的广义频率分量值（GFCV）。在运行时，接收感兴趣的输入信号，并将UST以广义频率施加到感兴趣的输入信号，以计算相应的GFCV。在感兴趣的输入信号的GFCV和候选信号组中的每一个的GFCV之间确定最佳匹配。最后，输出从候选信号组中指示最佳匹配候选信号的信息。

7. 发明授权

US07013047B2 System and method for performing edge detection in an image 有权
标题翻译：用于在图像中执行边缘检测的系统和方法
公开(公告)号：US07013047B2
公开(公告)日：2006-03-14
申请号：US09894272
申请日：2001-06-28
申请人： Darren Schmidt , Ram Rajagopal , Lothar Wenzel , Dinesh Nair
发明人： Darren Schmidt , Ram Rajagopal , Lothar Wenzel , Dinesh Nair
IPC分类号： G06K9/48
CPC分类号： G06K9/4604 , G06F17/30259 , G06T7/12 , G06T7/149
摘要： A system and method for performing a curve fit on a plurality of data points. In an initial phase, a subset Pmax of the plurality of points which represents an optimal curve is determined. This phase is based on a statistical model which dictates that after trying at most Nmin random curves, each connecting a randomly selected two or more points from the input set, one of the curves will pass within a specified radius of the subset Pmax of the input points. The subset Pmax may then be used in the second phase of the method, where a refined curve fit is made by iteratively culling outliers from the subset Pmax with respect to a succession of optimal curves fit to the modified subset Pmax at each iteration. The refined curve fit generates a refined curve, which may be output along with a final culled subset Kfinal of Pmax.
摘要翻译：一种用于在多个数据点上执行曲线拟合的系统和方法。在初始阶段中，确定表示最佳曲线的多个点中的子集P最大值。该阶段基于统计模型，其指示在尝试最多N分钟随机曲线之后，每个随机曲线连接从输入集合中随机选择的两个或更多个点，其中一个曲线将在指定的输入点的子集P最大的半径。然后可以在该方法的第二阶段中使用子集P max，其中通过相对于a的子集P i迭代地淘汰离群值来进行精细曲线拟合在每次迭代时，优化曲线的连续拟合到修改的子集P最大。精细曲线拟合产生精细曲线，其可以与最终淘汰的子集K最终一起输出。

8. 发明申请

US20050177314A1 System and method for signal matching and characterization 有权
标题翻译：用于信号匹配和表征的系统和方法
公开(公告)号：US20050177314A1
公开(公告)日：2005-08-11
申请号：US11105761
申请日：2005-04-14
申请人： Ram Rajagopal , Lothar Wenzel , Dinesh Nair , Darren Schmidt
发明人： Ram Rajagopal , Lothar Wenzel , Dinesh Nair , Darren Schmidt
IPC分类号： G06F17/15 , G06K9/52 , G06K9/64 , G06F7/00 , G01N33/48 , G01N33/50 , G06F17/30 , G06F19/00
CPC分类号： G06K9/00496 , G06F17/15 , G06K9/52 , G06K9/522 , G06K9/6203
摘要： A system and method for selecting a best match of a received input signal from a set of candidate signals, wherein two or more of the candidate signals are uncorrelated. In a preprocessing phase a signal transform (UST) is determined from the candidate signals. The UST converts each candidate signal to a generalized frequency domain. The UST is applied at a generalized frequency to each candidate signal to calculate corresponding generalized frequency component values (GFCVs) for each candidate signal. At runtime, the input signal of interest is received, and the UST is applied at the generalized frequency to the input signal of interest to calculate a corresponding GFCV. The best match is determined between the GFCV of the input signal of interest and the GFCVs of each of the set of candidate signals. Finally, information indicating the best match candidate signal from the set of candidate signals is output.
摘要翻译：一种用于从一组候选信号中选择接收的输入信号的最佳匹配的系统和方法，其中两个或更多个候选信号是不相关的。在预处理阶段，从候选信号确定信号变换（UST）。 UST将每个候选信号转换成广义频域。 UST以广义频率应用于每个候选信号，以计算每个候选信号的相应的广义频率分量值（GFCV）。在运行时，接收感兴趣的输入信号，并将UST以广义频率施加到感兴趣的输入信号，以计算相应的GFCV。在感兴趣的输入信号的GFCV和候选信号组中的每一个的GFCV之间确定最佳匹配。最后，输出从候选信号组中指示最佳匹配候选信号的信息。

9. 发明授权

US06681057B1 Image registration system and method implementing PID control techniques 有权
标题翻译：图像注册系统和实现PID控制技术的方法
公开(公告)号：US06681057B1
公开(公告)日：2004-01-20
申请号：US09510290
申请日：2000-02-22
申请人： Dinesh Nair , Lothar Wenzel
发明人： Dinesh Nair , Lothar Wenzel
IPC分类号： G06K932
CPC分类号： G06T3/0075 , G06K9/6203 , G06T7/30
摘要： A system and method for improving the accuracy and convergence rate in determining the affine transformation of one image or array of values with respect to another image or array of values. A particular embodiment of the present invention comprises a reference and an input image. A gradient matrix, &lgr;, may be constructed to contain gradient information of the position values of the reference image. Also, an estimate matrix, &rgr;, may be constructed to contain initial estimates of at least one of position, angle and scale of the input image. The input image is then subtracted from the reference image pixel by pixel producing an error matrix, e. The error matrix, e, is then multiplied with the matrices, &lgr; and &rgr;. The result is the new change in the position, angle and scale of the input image. New values for the position, angle and scale are calculated from the changes in the position, angle and scale values of the input image. These new values are substituted for the previous values of the input image. The input image is consequently transformed. The transformed input image is then subtracted from the reference image pixel by pixel forming a new error matrix, e. A new estimate matrix, &rgr;, is constructed from the previous estimate matrix, &rgr;, the error matrix, e, and the gradient matrix. The process is repeated until, e, is less than a given value. When that occurs, the correspondence between all points in the input and reference image has been determined.
摘要翻译：一种用于在确定一个图像或值阵列相对于另一图像或值阵列的仿射变换时提高精度和收敛速度的系统和方法。本发明的特定实施例包括参考和输入图像。可以构造梯度矩阵λ，以包含参考图像的位置值的梯度信息。此外，可以构造估计矩阵rho以包含输入图像的位置，角度和尺度中的至少一个的初始估计。然后从参考图像中逐个像素地减去输入图像，产生误差矩阵，例如，然后将误差矩阵e与矩阵λ和rho相乘。结果是输入图像的位置，角度和尺度的新变化。根据输入图像的位置，角度和比例值的变化计算位置，角度和尺度的新值。这些新值代替输入图像的先前值。因此输入图像被变换。然后，从参考图像逐像减去变换的输入图像，形成新的误差矩阵，例如，新的估计矩阵rho由先前的估计矩阵rho，误差矩阵e和梯度矩阵构成。重复该过程，直到e小于给定值。当发生这种情况时，已经确定了输入和参考图像中所有点之间的对应关系。

10. 发明授权

US06219452B1 Pattern matching system and method which performs local stability analysis for improved efficiency 有权
标题翻译：模式匹配系统和方法进行局部稳定性分析，提高效率
公开(公告)号：US06219452B1
公开(公告)日：2001-04-17
申请号：US09227506
申请日：1999-01-06
申请人： Dinesh Nair , Lothar Wenzel , Nicolas Vazquez , Samson DeKey
发明人： Dinesh Nair , Lothar Wenzel , Nicolas Vazquez , Samson DeKey
IPC分类号： G06K964
CPC分类号： G06K9/6203 , G06T7/223 , G06T7/248 , G06T7/74 , G06T2207/10016 , G06T2207/30108
摘要： A system and method for performing pattern matching to locate zero or more instances of a template image in a target image. The method first comprises sampling the template image using a Low Discrepancy sequence, also referred to as a quasi-random sequence, to determine a plurality of sample pixels in the template image which accurately characterize the template image. The Low Discrepancy sequence is designed to produce sample points which maximally avoid each other. After the template image is sampled or characterized, the method then performs pattern matching using the sample pixels and the target image to determine zero or more locations of the template image in the target image. The method may also perform a local stability analysis around at least a subset of the sample pixels to determine a lesser third number of sample pixels which have a desired degree of stability, and then perform pattern matching using the third plurality of sample pixels. In one embodiment, the local stability analysis determines a plurality of sets of sample pixels with differing stability neighborhood sizes, and the pattern matching performs a plurality of iterations of pattern matching using different sets of sample pixels, preferably performed in a coarse to fine manner, e.g., using sets of sample pixels with successively smaller stability neighborhood sizes and/or step sizes. The present invention also includes performing rotation invariant pattern matching by sampling the template image along one or more rotationally invariant paths, preferably circular perimeters, to produce one or more sets of sample pixels. These sample pixels from the circular paths are then used in the pattern matching. The rotationally invariant pattern matching may also use local stability analysis and coarse to fine searching techniques.
摘要翻译：一种用于执行模式匹配以在目标图像中定位模板图像的零个或多个实例的系统和方法。该方法首先包括使用低差异序列（也称为准随机序列）对模板图像进行采样，以确定模板图像中准确表征模板图像的多个样本像素。低差异序列被设计为产生最大程度地避免彼此的采样点。在模板图像被采样或表征之后，该方法然后使用样本像素和目标图像执行模式匹配，以确定目标图像中模板图像的零个或多个位置。该方法还可以围绕样本像素的至少一个子集执行局部稳定性分析，以确定具有期望程度的稳定性的较小的第三数量的采样像素，然后使用第三多个采样像素执行模式匹配。在一个实施例中，本地稳定性分析确定具有不同稳定性邻域大小的多组样本像素，并且模式匹配使用不同的采样像素集合执行多次迭代的模式匹配，优选地以粗略到精细的方式执行，例如，使用具有连续更小的稳定性邻域大小和/或步长的样本像素集合。本发明还包括通过沿着一个或多个旋转不变路径（优选圆周周长）采样模板图像来执行旋转不变模式匹配，以产生一组或多组采样像素。来自圆形路径的这些采样像素然后用于模式匹配。旋转不变模式匹配还可以使用局部稳定性分析和粗略到精细搜索技术。

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