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1. 发明授权

US06081523A Arrangement for transmitting packet data segments from a media access controller across multiple physical links 失效
标题翻译：用于从媒体访问控制器跨多个物理链路发送分组数据段的布置
公开(公告)号：US06081523A
公开(公告)日：2000-06-27
申请号：US985718
申请日：1997-12-05
申请人： Shashank C. Merchant , Mohan V. Kalkunte , Gopal Krishna
发明人： Shashank C. Merchant , Mohan V. Kalkunte , Gopal Krishna
IPC分类号： H04L29/08 , H04L12/56 , H04L25/14 , H04Q11/00
CPC分类号： H04L47/10 , H04L25/14 , H04L45/245 , H04L47/125 , Y02B60/33
摘要： A Gigabit network node having a media access controller outputting packet data at Gigabit rates uses multiple 100 MB/s media interface links coupled to a physical interface to enable implementation of a Gigabit network using low cost data links. A modified reconciliation layer, also referred to as a media interface, receives a data packet from a Gigabit MAC and divides the received data packet into multiple data segments having a prescribed length. The multiple segments are output on the multiple media interface links according to a prescribed output protocol, enabling a corresponding media interface at the destination station to recompile the data packet from the received segments from the multiple transmission paths. The transmission of the segments upon multiple transmission paths provides an efficient load balancing of data traffic among the multiple transmission paths.
摘要翻译：具有以千兆比特速率输出分组数据的媒体接入控制器的千兆网络节点使用耦合到物理接口的多个100MB / s媒体接口链路来实现使用低成本数据链路的千兆位网络的实现。经修改的协调层（也称为媒体接口）从千兆位MAC接收数据包，并将接收到的数据包划分成具有规定长度的多个数据段。多个段根据规定的输出协议在多个媒体接口链路上输出，使得目的地站处的相应媒体接口可以从多个传输路径中重新编译来自接收到的段的数据分组。多个传输路径上的段传输提供了多个传输路径之间的数据业务的有效负载平衡。

2. 发明授权

US07293113B1 Data communication system with hardware protocol parser and method therefor 有权
标题翻译：具有硬件协议解析器的数据通信系统及其方法
公开(公告)号：US07293113B1
公开(公告)日：2007-11-06
申请号：US10447824
申请日：2003-05-28
申请人： Gopal Krishna , Mrudula Kanuri
发明人： Gopal Krishna , Mrudula Kanuri
IPC分类号： G06F15/16 , G06F1/32
CPC分类号： H04L69/16 , H04L69/12 , H04L69/161 , H04L69/167 , H04L69/22
摘要： A communication processor comprises a data link layer parser circuit (310) and a plurality of network layer parser circuits (322, 326). The data link layer parser circuit (310) receives a data link layer frame, and removes a data link layer header therefrom to provide a network layer frame as an output. Each network layer parser circuit corresponds to a different network layer protocol, and is selectively activated to receive the network layer frame and to process a network layer header therefrom to provide a transport layer frame as an output. The data link layer parser circuit (310) further examines a portion of the network layer frame to determine which of the plurality of network protocols is used. The data link layer parser circuit (310) activates a corresponding one of the plurality of network layer parser circuits (322, 326) in response, while keeping another one of the plurality of network layer parser circuits (322, 326) inactive.
摘要翻译：通信处理器包括数据链路层解析器电路（310）和多个网络层解析器电路（322,326）。数据链路层解析器电路（310）接收数据链路层帧，并从其中去除数据链路层报头，以提供网络层帧作为输出。每个网络层解析器电路对应于不同的网络层协议，并且被选择性地激活以接收网络层帧并处理其中的网络层报头以提供传输层帧作为输出。数据链路层解析器电路（310）进一步检查网络层帧的一部分以确定使用多个网络协议中的哪一个。数据链路层解析器电路（310）响应于激活多个网络层解析器电路（322,326）中的对应的一个，同时保持多个网络层解析器电路（322,326）中的另一个不起作用。

3. 发明授权

US5873121A Efficient memory management system for minimizing overhead in storage of data transmitted in a network 失效
标题翻译：高效的存储器管理系统，用于最小化在网络中传输的数据的存储中的开销
公开(公告)号：US5873121A
公开(公告)日：1999-02-16
申请号：US753025
申请日：1996-11-19
申请人： Shashank Merchant , Alok Singh , Gopal Krishna
发明人： Shashank Merchant , Alok Singh , Gopal Krishna
IPC分类号： H04L12/56 , H04L29/06 , G06F12/02
CPC分类号： H04L29/06 , H04L49/90
摘要： The present invention provides a method and apparatus for storing additional information, such as HOLE information, within a buffer while minimizing the overhead.A method according to the present invention for efficiently storing additional information in a memory, the memory including at least one address, the memory for storing at least a portion of a packet to be transferred by a network system, the method comprising the steps of determining whether the at least a portion of a packet ends at a boundary of the at least one address; encoding a portion of the packet to indicate that the packet ends at the address boundary if the packet ends at the address boundary; and encoding a portion of the at least one address to indicate that the packet does not end at the address boundary, if the packet does not end at the address boundary.
摘要翻译：本发明提供了一种用于在缓冲器内存储附加信息（诸如HOLE信息）同时最小化开销的方法和装置。根据本发明的用于将附加信息有效地存储在存储器中的方法，所述存储器包括至少一个地址，所述存储器用于存储要由网络系统传送的分组的至少一部分，所述方法包括以下步骤：确定分组的至少一部分是否在所述至少一个地址的边界处结束; 编码分组的一部分以指示分组在地址边界处结束，如果分组在地址边界处结束; 以及编码所述至少一个地址的一部分以指示所述分组不在所述地址边界处结束，如果所述分组未在所述地址边界处结束。

4. 发明授权

US5784375A Rotating priority arrangement in an ethernet network 失效
标题翻译：在以太网网络中转移优先级排列
公开(公告)号：US5784375A
公开(公告)日：1998-07-21
申请号：US662333
申请日：1996-06-12
申请人： Mohan Kalkunte , Jayant Kadambi , Jim Mangin , Gopal Krishna
发明人： Mohan Kalkunte , Jayant Kadambi , Jim Mangin , Gopal Krishna
IPC分类号： H04L12/413
CPC分类号： H04L12/40163 , H04L12/413 , H04L12/40013 , H04L12/40136
摘要： Delay times are modified in Ethernet network devices by adding an integer multiple of a delay interval to the minimum interpacket gap (IPG) interval, and decrementing the integer in each network station in response to detected activity on the media. Each station has a unique integer value from the range of zero to the number of stations (N) minus one. The unique integer value ensures that each station has a different delay interval in accessing the media after sensing deassertion of the receive carrier. The station having a zero integer value will have its integer counter reset to (N-1) after a station transmits a data packet on the network, and the stations having nonzero integer values decrement their respective integer counters. Each network station also includes a deferral timer that counts the maximum delay interval of (N-1) delay intervals plus the minimum IPG value, and thus establishes a bounded access latency for a half-duplex shared network.
摘要翻译：通过将延迟间隔的整数倍添加到最小分组间隙（IPG）间隔，在以太网网络设备中修改延迟时间，并且响应于媒体上检测到的活动而递减每个网络站中的整数。每个站具有从零到站数（N）减一的唯一整数值。唯一的整数值确保每个站在感测到接收载波的取消消息之后在访问媒体时具有不同的延迟时间间隔。在站点在网络上发送数据包之后，具有零整数值的站将其整数计数器重置为（N-1），并且具有非零整数值的站减少其相应的整数计数器。每个网络站还包括延迟定时器，其计数（N-1）个延迟间隔的最大延迟间隔加上最小IPG值，从而建立半双工共享网络的有界访问等待时间。

5. 发明申请

US20060160823A1 Particulate-stabilized injectable pharmaceutical compositions of Posaconazole 审中-公开
标题翻译：泊沙康唑的颗粒稳定的可注射药物组合物
公开(公告)号：US20060160823A1
公开(公告)日：2006-07-20
申请号：US11300677
申请日：2005-12-14
申请人： Leonore Witchey-Lakshmanan , Sydney Ugwu , Varda Sandweiss , Catherine Hardalo , Roberta Hare , Gopal Krishna , Zaiqi Wang , Marco Taglietti
发明人： Leonore Witchey-Lakshmanan , Sydney Ugwu , Varda Sandweiss , Catherine Hardalo , Roberta Hare , Gopal Krishna , Zaiqi Wang , Marco Taglietti
IPC分类号： A61K31/496
CPC分类号： A61K31/496 , A61K9/0019 , A61K31/137 , A61K31/513 , A61K31/7048 , A61K45/06 , A61K47/24 , A61K47/26 , Y02A50/409 , Y02A50/414 , A61K2300/00
摘要： The present invention provides formulations useful for treating infections, in particular, formulations that include the active pharmaceutical ingredient Posaconazole in an injectable suspension of particles that is stable when subjected to terminal sterilization. Preferred median particle sizes of between 1.5 and 3.0 microns are found to result in superior pharmacokinetic characteristics, such as those displayed below.
摘要翻译：本发明提供了可用于治疗感染的制剂，特别是包含活性药物成分泊沙康唑在经受终末灭菌时稳定的颗粒的可注射悬浮液中的制剂。发现优选的中值粒度在1.5和3.0微米之间导致优异的药代动力学特征，例如下面显示的那些。

6. 发明授权

US5850525A Method and apparatus for adding a randomized propagation delay interval to an interframe spacing in a station accessing an ethernet network 失效
标题翻译：将随机传播延迟间隔添加到访问以太网网络的站中的帧间间隔的方法和装置
公开(公告)号：US5850525A
公开(公告)日：1998-12-15
申请号：US625056
申请日：1996-03-29
申请人： Mohan Kalkunte , Gopal Krishna , Jim Mangin
发明人： Mohan Kalkunte , Gopal Krishna , Jim Mangin
IPC分类号： H04L12/413 , G06F13/36
CPC分类号： H04L12/40143 , H04L12/413
摘要： Delay times are modified in Ethernet network devices by adding a randomized time interval generated in accordance with a propagation delay between two network stations. A server in a client-server arrangement is given priority access over clients by adding to the clients' InterPacket Gap (IPG) interval a random time delay between one and two times the cable delay between the server and the corresponding client. The server can access the network media after the IPG interval, whereas clients must wait the additional random time delay before accessing the media, thereby improving server throughput and overall network throughput. Collision mediation is improved by adding a randomly selected integer multiple of a propagation delay between two stations, where the integer multiplier is randomly selected from a predetermined range of integers. The randomly selected integer multiple of the propagation delay provides a second dimension of random selection to minimize subsequent collisions and minimize the occurrence of capture effects in losing stations.
摘要翻译：通过添加根据两个网络站之间的传播延迟生成的随机时间间隔，在以太网网络设备中修改延迟时间。通过将客户端的InterPacket Gap（IPG）间隔添加到服务器和相应客户端之间的电缆延迟的一到两倍之间的随机时间延迟，客户机 - 服务器排列中的服务器被赋予对客户端的优先级访问。服务器可以在IPG间隔后访问网络媒体，而客户端在访问媒体之前必须等待额外的随机时间延迟，从而提高服务器吞吐量和整体网络吞吐量。通过在两个站之间添加随机选择的传播延迟的整数倍来改善碰撞中介，其中整数乘法器从预定的整数范围中随机选择。传播延迟的随机选择的整数倍提供随机选择的第二维度以最小化随后的冲突并且使丢失站中的捕获效应的发生最小化。

7. 发明授权

US07803762B1 Ready-to-use bivalirudin compositions 有权
公开(公告)号：US07803762B1
公开(公告)日：2010-09-28
申请号：US12545036
申请日：2009-08-20
申请人： Nagesh Palepu , Rajeshwar Motheram , Praful Shah , Gopal Krishna
发明人： Nagesh Palepu , Rajeshwar Motheram , Praful Shah , Gopal Krishna
IPC分类号： A61K38/00
CPC分类号： A61K38/58
摘要： Ready-to-use bivalirudin compositions, methods of using the ready-to-use bivalirudin compositions, and methods of preparing the ready-to-use bivalirudin compositions. The ready-to-use bivalirudin compositions comprise bivalirudin and one or more stabilizing agents. The one or more stabilizing agents may be buffering agents having a pKa of about 2.5 to about 6.5, pH-adjusting agents, polymers, preservatives, antioxidants, sugars or polyols, or a combination thereof. The ready-to-use bivalirudin compositions may also comprise [9-10]-cycloimido bivalirudin, [11-12]-cycloimido bivalirudin, or a combination thereof. The method of using the ready-to-use bivalirudin compositions comprises administering the ready-to-use compositions to a patient in need thereof. Further, the method of preparing the ready-to-use bivalirudin compositions comprises mixing bivalirudin with one or more stabilizing agents.

8. 发明授权

US07713928B1 Ready-to-use bivalirudin compositions 有权
标题翻译：即用型比伐卢定组合物
公开(公告)号：US07713928B1
公开(公告)日：2010-05-11
申请号：US12563821
申请日：2009-09-21
申请人： Nagesh Palepu , Rajeshwar Motheram , Praful Shah , Gopal Krishna
发明人： Nagesh Palepu , Rajeshwar Motheram , Praful Shah , Gopal Krishna
IPC分类号： A61K38/00
CPC分类号： A61K38/58
摘要： Ready-to-use bivalirudin compositions, methods of using the ready-to-use bivalirudin compositions, and methods of preparing the ready-to-use bivalirudin compositions. The ready-to-use bivalirudin compositions comprise bivalirudin and one or more stabilizing agents. The one or more stabilizing agents may be buffering agents having a pKa of about 2.5 to about 6.5, pH-adjusting agents, polymers, preservatives, antioxidants, sugars or polyols, or a combination thereof. The ready-to-use bivalirudin compositions may also comprise [9-10]-cycloimido bivalirudin, [11-12]-cycloimido bivalirudin, or a combination thereof. The method of using the ready-to-use bivalirudin compositions comprises administering the ready-to-use compositions to a patient in need thereof. Further, the method of preparing the ready-to-use bivalirudin compositions comprises mixing bivalirudin with one or more stabilizing agents.
摘要翻译：即用比伐卢定组合物，使用即用比伐卢定组合物的方法，以及制备即用型比伐卢定组合物的方法。即用型比伐卢列组合物包含比伐卢定和一种或多种稳定剂。一种或多种稳定剂可以是pKa为约2.5至约6.5的缓冲剂，pH调节剂，聚合物，防腐剂，抗氧化剂，糖或多元醇或其组合。即用型比伐卢定组合物还可以包含[9-10] - 环亚氨基比伐卢定，[11-12] - 环亚氨基比伐卢定或其组合。使用即用比伐卢定组合物的方法包括将即用组合物给予有需要的组合物。此外，制备即用型比伐卢定组合物的方法包括将比伐卢定与一种或多种稳定剂混合。

9. 发明授权

US07002955B1 Selective address table aging in a network switch based on application state determined from a received data packet 有权
标题翻译：基于从接收的数据包确定的应用状态，网络交换机中的选择性地址表老化
公开(公告)号：US07002955B1
公开(公告)日：2006-02-21
申请号：US09519848
申请日：2000-03-06
申请人： Mrudula Kanuri , Gopal Krishna
发明人： Mrudula Kanuri , Gopal Krishna
IPC分类号： H04L12/56
CPC分类号： H04L12/4625 , H04L69/28
摘要： A network switch, configured for performing layer 2 and layer 3 switching in an Ethernet (IEEE 802.3) network without blocking of incoming data packets, includes a network switch port having a packet classifier module configured for evaluating an incoming data packet on an instantaneous basis. The packet classifier module performs simultaneous comparisons between the incoming data stream of the data packet and multiple templates configured for identifying respective data protocols. Each template is composed of a plurality of min terms, wherein each min term specifies a prescribed comparison operation within a selected data byte of the incoming data packet. Hence, the packet classifier module is able to monitor data flows between two network nodes interacting according to a prescribed network application. The packet classifier module determines the application state for a prescribed network application from a received layer 2 data packet, enabling switching logic within the network switch to utilize application-specific aging intervals for respective network applications such as HTTP, SNMP, ftp, Telnet, etc. in order to delete aged address entries from a network switch address table based on the supported network application. Determination of the application state from the received layer 2 data packet also enables the network switch to detect the end of a data flow for deletion of the corresponding address entry from the network switch address table.
摘要翻译：配置用于在以太网（IEEE 802.3）网络中执行层2和层3切换而不阻塞输入数据分组的网络交换机包括具有分组分类器模块的网络交换机端口，所述分组分类器模块被配置为即时地评估输入数据分组。分组分类器模块执行数据分组的输入数据流和被配置用于识别相应数据协议的多个模板之间的同时比较。每个模板由多个最小项组成，其中每个最小项指定输入数据分组的所选数据字节内的规定比较操作。因此，分组分类器模块能够监视根据规定的网络应用交互的两个网络节点之间的数据流。分组分类器模块从接收的第二层数据分组确定规定的网络应用的应用状态，使得网络交换机内的切换逻辑能够针对各种网络应用（如HTTP，SNMP，FTP，Telnet等）利用应用专用的老化时间间隔以便基于所支持的网络应用从网络交换机地址表中删除老化的地址条目。从接收到的第2层数据包确定应用程序状态还使网络交换机可以从网络交换机地址表中检测到删除相应地址条目的数据流的结束。

10. 发明授权

US5822538A Method and apparatus for prioritizing traffic in half-duplex networks by selecting delay intervals from fixed ranges 失效
标题翻译：通过从固定范围中选择延迟间隔来优先考虑半双工网络中的流量的方法和装置
公开(公告)号：US5822538A
公开(公告)日：1998-10-13
申请号：US752884
申请日：1996-11-20
申请人： Gopal Krishna , Mohan Kalkunte , Robert Alan Williams
发明人： Gopal Krishna , Mohan Kalkunte , Robert Alan Williams
IPC分类号： G06F13/38 , G06F13/00
CPC分类号： G06F13/385
摘要： Collision delay intervals are modified in Ethernet network devices by transmitting priority data requiring a guaranteed latency by determining an integer multiple number of slot times, randomly selected from a predetermined range of integers, where the range of integers is independent from the number of access attempts. A network device having priority data for transmission randomly selects a collision delay interval to be either zero or one slot time for a predetermined number of access attempts. If the number of collisions encountered by the network station exceeds the predetermined number, the integer is selected from a range of integers calculated from a shifted exponential number of the access attempts, resulting in a smaller range than used for normal priority traffic. Use of the collision mediation for high priority traffic on a half-duplex Ethernet network provides a bounded access latency for real-time and multimedia applications by granting the network device a higher probability of successfully accessing the network media.
摘要翻译：通过从整数的预定范围中随机选择的整数倍数的时隙时间，通过发送需要保证延迟的优先级数据来修改冲突延迟间隔，其中整数范围独立于接入尝试次数。具有用于传输的优先级数据的网络设备在预定次数的访问尝试中随机选择冲突延迟间隔为零或一个时隙时间。如果网络站遇到的冲突次数超过预定数量，则从从访问尝试的移位指数中计算出的整数范围中选择整数，导致比普通优先级流量使用的范围更小的范围。在半双工以太网上使用冲突中介来实现高优先级流量，通过授予网络设备成功访问网络媒体的更高可能性，为实时和多媒体应用提供有界访问延迟。

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