专利快速检索-快速检索全球专利，免费商用专利数据库-IPRDB

1. 发明申请

US20080286558A1 Cbn Sintered Body for High Surface Integrity Machining, Cbn Sintered Body Cutting Tool, and Cutting Method Using the Same 有权
标题翻译： Cbn烧结体用于高表面完整性加工，Cbn烧结体切割工具以及使用其的切割方法
公开(公告)号：US20080286558A1
公开(公告)日：2008-11-20
申请号：US11630263
申请日：2006-05-30
申请人： Satoru Kukino , Yoshihiro Kuroda , Tomohiro Fukaya , Katsumi Okamura
发明人： Satoru Kukino , Yoshihiro Kuroda , Tomohiro Fukaya , Katsumi Okamura
IPC分类号： B23B27/14 , B32B9/00 , B23P13/04
CPC分类号： C04B41/4531 , B22F2005/001 , B23B27/141 , B23B2224/04 , B23B2224/24 , B23B2224/32 , B23B2226/125 , B23B2228/10 , B23K31/025 , C04B35/10 , C04B35/56 , C04B35/5831 , C04B35/645 , C04B37/006 , C04B37/026 , C04B41/009 , C04B41/4529 , C04B41/87 , C04B2235/3847 , C04B2235/386 , C04B2235/3895 , C04B2235/402 , C04B2235/404 , C04B2235/5436 , C04B2235/72 , C04B2235/80 , C04B2235/96 , C04B2235/9607 , C04B2237/125 , C04B2237/126 , C04B2237/127 , C04B2237/36 , C04B2237/361 , C04B2237/401 , C04B2237/704 , C04B2237/708 , C22C26/00 , C22C2026/003 , C23C14/06 , C23C14/0664 , Y10T29/49995 , Y10T407/27 , Y10T428/25 , Y10T428/265 , C04B41/5063 , C04B41/5068 , C04B41/5061 , C04B41/5062 , C04B41/5031
摘要： To provide a high cBN content ratio sintered body that improves fatigue life of the machined part and has a longer tool lifespan than conventional cBN sintered body tools by suppressing the production of the affected layer by machining formed on the machined surface of the workpiece to be cut and by promoting residual compression stress. That is a cBN sintered body according to the present invention is a cBN sintered body for high surface integrity machining having a cBN component of not less than 87% and not more than 99% by volume % and a thermal conductivity of 100 W/m·K or more; and the outermost surface of the cBN sintered body 1 is coated with a heat resistant film 2 having a thickness of 0.5 μm to 12 μm comprising a compound of at least one element selected from 4a, 5a, 6a group elements and Al, and at least one element selected from C, N, and O.
摘要翻译：为了提供高cBN含量比的烧结体，其通过在待切割的工件的加工表面上形成的机械加工抑制受影响层的生产，从而提高加工部件的疲劳寿命并且具有比常规cBN烧结体工具更长的刀具寿命并通过促进残余压缩应力。根据本发明的cBN烧结体是用于高表面完整性加工的cBN烧结体，其具有不低于87％且不大于99％体积％和热导率为100W / mK的cBN成分，或更多; 并且cBN烧结体1的最外表面涂覆有厚度为0.5μm至12μm的耐热膜2，其包含选自4a，5a，6a族元素和Al中的至少一种元素的化合物，并且至少一个元素选自C，N和O.

2. 发明授权

US07765902B2 Cutting tool for high-quality high-efficiency machining and cutting method using the same 有权
标题翻译：切削刀具采用高品质的高效加工和切割方法
公开(公告)号：US07765902B2
公开(公告)日：2010-08-03
申请号：US11631636
申请日：2006-03-29
申请人： Yoshihiro Kuroda , Satoru Kukino , Katsumi Okamura , Tomohiro Fukaya
发明人： Yoshihiro Kuroda , Satoru Kukino , Katsumi Okamura , Tomohiro Fukaya
IPC分类号： B23B3/00 , B23C5/16
CPC分类号： B23B27/1622 , B23B27/145 , B23B2200/0433 , B23B2200/201 , B23B2200/204 , B23B2200/208 , B23B2200/242 , B23B2200/245 , B23B2200/28 , B23B2220/24 , B23B2222/04 , B23B2226/125 , B23B2226/315 , B23B2240/08 , B23B2270/26 , Y10T82/10 , Y10T83/0591 , Y10T407/1962 , Y10T407/23 , Y10T407/27
摘要： It is an object to provide a cutting tool which can perform high-quality, high-efficiency machining of a workpiece such as hardened steel.The cutting tool includes a finishing cutting edge 6 which initially cuts into the workpiece, and superfinishing cutting edges 7 for finishing the workpiece cut by the finishing cutting edge. The superfinishing cutting edges 7 project from the finishing cutting edge by a predetermined amount B in such a direction that the depth of cut of the superfinishing cutting edges increases. Each superfinishing cutting edge includes a burnishing portion 7a having a predetermined width L in the feed direction of the tool, and a wiper portion 7b. The superfinishing cutting edges 7 burnish the finished surface formed by the finishing cutting edge, while removing a affected layer formed by the finishing cutting edge.
摘要翻译：本发明的目的是提供一种可以对诸如硬化钢的工件进行高质量，高效率的加工的切削工具。切割工具包括最初切入工件的精加工切削刃6和用于完成由精加工切削刃切割的工件的超精加工切削刃7。超精加工的切削刃7以使切削刃的切削深度增加的方向从精加工刃部突出规定量B。每个超精加工切削刃包括在工具的进给方向上具有预定宽度L的抛光部分7a和擦拭部分7b。超精加工的切削刃7抛光由精加工刃部形成的成品表面，同时去除由精加工刃沿形成的受影响层。

3. 发明授权

US07758976B2 cBN sintered body for high surface integrity machining and cBN sintered body cutting tool 有权
标题翻译：用于高表面完整性加工的cBN烧结体和cBN烧结体切割工具
公开(公告)号：US07758976B2
公开(公告)日：2010-07-20
申请号：US11631002
申请日：2006-05-30
申请人： Satoru Kukino , Yoshihiro Kuroda , Tomohiro Fukaya , Katsumi Okamura
发明人： Satoru Kukino , Yoshihiro Kuroda , Tomohiro Fukaya , Katsumi Okamura
IPC分类号： B32B9/00
CPC分类号： C04B41/87 , B23B27/141 , B23B27/145 , B23B2200/242 , B23B2224/04 , B23B2224/24 , B23B2224/32 , B23B2224/36 , B23B2226/125 , B23B2226/18 , B23B2228/10 , C04B35/58007 , C04B35/58014 , C04B35/58021 , C04B35/58028 , C04B35/581 , C04B35/5831 , C04B35/6348 , C04B35/645 , C04B37/005 , C04B37/006 , C04B37/026 , C04B41/009 , C04B41/4529 , C04B41/5062 , C04B2235/3217 , C04B2235/3804 , C04B2235/3813 , C04B2235/3839 , C04B2235/3843 , C04B2235/3852 , C04B2235/386 , C04B2235/3865 , C04B2235/3873 , C04B2235/3886 , C04B2235/3895 , C04B2235/402 , C04B2235/5436 , C04B2235/656 , C04B2235/661 , C04B2235/72 , C04B2235/721 , C04B2235/723 , C04B2235/786 , C04B2235/79 , C04B2235/80 , C04B2235/9607 , C04B2237/124 , C04B2237/125 , C04B2237/36 , C04B2237/361 , C04B2237/368 , Y10T428/265 , C04B41/5057 , C04B41/5063 , C04B41/5068 , C04B41/5061 , C04B35/117 , C04B35/583
摘要： In high efficiency cutting of very hard and hard-to-cut ferrous materials, compared with conventional cBN sintered body tools, the fatigue life of the machined part is improved and a longer lasting tool is provided by controlling the production of the affected layer by machining formed on the machined surface of the workpiece to be cut and by promoting residual of compression stress.The cBN sintered body related to the present invention has not less than 60% and not more than 95% of cBN components in volume, and has a thermal conductivity of 70 W/m·K or more; and the outermost surface thereof is coated with a heat resistant film comprising a compound of at least one element selected from 4a, 5a, 6a group elements and Al, and at least one element selected from C, N and O.
摘要翻译：与传统的cBN烧结体工具相比，在非常硬且难切割的铁质材料的高效切割中，加工部件的疲劳寿命得到改善，并且通过加工来控制受影响层的生产，提供更持久的工具形成在待切割工件的加工表面上，并且通过促进残余的压缩应力。本发明涉及的cBN烧结体的cBN成分的体积不小于60％且不超过95％，导热率为70W / m·K以上。并且其最外表面涂覆有包含选自4a，5a，6a族元素和Al的至少一种元素的化合物和选自C，N和O的至少一种元素的耐热膜。

4. 发明授权

US07771847B2 cBN sintered body for high surface integrity machining, cBN sintered body cutting tool, and cutting method using the same 有权
标题翻译：用于高表面完整性加工的cBN烧结体，cBN烧结体切割工具及使用其的切割方法
公开(公告)号：US07771847B2
公开(公告)日：2010-08-10
申请号：US11630263
申请日：2006-05-30
申请人： Satoru Kukino , Yoshihiro Kuroda , Tomohiro Fukaya , Katsumi Okamura
发明人： Satoru Kukino , Yoshihiro Kuroda , Tomohiro Fukaya , Katsumi Okamura
IPC分类号： B32B9/00 , B23P15/28 , B24D3/14
CPC分类号： C04B41/4531 , B22F2005/001 , B23B27/141 , B23B2224/04 , B23B2224/24 , B23B2224/32 , B23B2226/125 , B23B2228/10 , B23K31/025 , C04B35/10 , C04B35/56 , C04B35/5831 , C04B35/645 , C04B37/006 , C04B37/026 , C04B41/009 , C04B41/4529 , C04B41/87 , C04B2235/3847 , C04B2235/386 , C04B2235/3895 , C04B2235/402 , C04B2235/404 , C04B2235/5436 , C04B2235/72 , C04B2235/80 , C04B2235/96 , C04B2235/9607 , C04B2237/125 , C04B2237/126 , C04B2237/127 , C04B2237/36 , C04B2237/361 , C04B2237/401 , C04B2237/704 , C04B2237/708 , C22C26/00 , C22C2026/003 , C23C14/06 , C23C14/0664 , Y10T29/49995 , Y10T407/27 , Y10T428/25 , Y10T428/265 , C04B41/5063 , C04B41/5068 , C04B41/5061 , C04B41/5062 , C04B41/5031
摘要： To provide a high cBN content ratio sintered body that improves fatigue life of the machined part and has a longer tool lifespan than conventional cBN sintered body tools by suppressing the production of the affected layer by machining formed on the machined surface of the workpiece to be cut and by promoting residual compression stress. That is a cBN sintered body according to the present invention is a cBN sintered body for high surface integrity machining having a cBN component of not less than 87% and not more than 99% by volume % and a thermal conductivity of 100 W/m·K or more; and the outermost surface of the cBN sintered body 1 is coated with a heat resistant film 2 having a thickness of 0.5 μm to 12 μm comprising a compound of at least one element selected from 4a, 5a, 6a group elements and Al, and at least one element selected from C, N, and O.
摘要翻译：为了提供高cBN含量比的烧结体，其通过在待切割的工件的加工表面上形成的机械加工抑制受影响层的生产，从而提高加工部件的疲劳寿命并且具有比常规cBN烧结体工具更长的刀具寿命并通过促进残余压缩应力。根据本发明的cBN烧结体是具有cBN成分为87体积％以上且99体积％以下，热导率为100W / m·s的cBN烧结体。 K以上; 并且cBN烧结体1的最外表面涂覆有厚度为0.5μm至12μm的耐热膜2，其包含选自4a，5a，6a族元素和Al中的至少一种元素的化合物，并且至少一个元素选自C，N和O.

5. 发明申请

US20080292415A1 Cutting Tool for High-Quality High-Efficiency Machining and Cutting Method Using the Same 有权
标题翻译：切割刀具，采用高品质高效加工切割方法
公开(公告)号：US20080292415A1
公开(公告)日：2008-11-27
申请号：US11631636
申请日：2006-03-29
申请人： Yoshihiro Kuroda , Satoru Kukino , Katsumi Okamura , Tomohiro Fukaya
发明人： Yoshihiro Kuroda , Satoru Kukino , Katsumi Okamura , Tomohiro Fukaya
IPC分类号： B26D1/12 , B26D3/00
CPC分类号： B23B27/1622 , B23B27/145 , B23B2200/0433 , B23B2200/201 , B23B2200/204 , B23B2200/208 , B23B2200/242 , B23B2200/245 , B23B2200/28 , B23B2220/24 , B23B2222/04 , B23B2226/125 , B23B2226/315 , B23B2240/08 , B23B2270/26 , Y10T82/10 , Y10T83/0591 , Y10T407/1962 , Y10T407/23 , Y10T407/27
摘要： It is an object to provide a cutting tool which can perform high-quality, high-efficiency machining of a workpiece such as hardened steel.The cutting tool includes a finishing cutting edge 6 which initially cuts into the workpiece, and superfinishing cutting edges 7 for finishing the workpiece cut by the finishing cutting edge. The superfinishing cutting edges 7 project from the finishing cutting edge by a predetermined amount B in such a direction that the depth of cut of the superfinishing cutting edges increases. Each superfinishing cutting edge includes a burnishing portion 7a having a predetermined width L in the feed direction of the tool, and a wiper portion 7b. The superfinishing cutting edges 7 burnish the finished surface formed by the finishing cutting edge, while removing a affected layer formed by the finishing cutting edge.
摘要翻译：本发明的目的是提供一种可以对诸如硬化钢的工件进行高质量，高效率的加工的切削工具。切割工具包括最初切入工件的精加工切削刃6和用于完成由精加工切削刃切割的工件的超精加工切削刃7。超精加工的切削刃7以使切削刃的切削深度增加的方向从精加工刃部突出规定量B。每个超精加工切削刃包括在工具的进给方向上具有预定宽度L的抛光部分7a和擦拭部分7b。超精加工的切削刃7抛光由精加工刃部形成的成品表面，同时去除由精加工刃沿形成的受影响层。

6. 发明申请

US20080254282A1 Cbn Sintered Body for High Surface Integrity Machining and Cbn Sintered Body Cutting Tool 有权
标题翻译： Cbn烧结体用于高表面完整性加工和Cbn烧结体切割工具
公开(公告)号：US20080254282A1
公开(公告)日：2008-10-16
申请号：US11631002
申请日：2006-05-30
申请人： Satoru Kukino , Yoshihiro Kuroda , Tomohiro Fukaya , Katsumi Okamura
发明人： Satoru Kukino , Yoshihiro Kuroda , Tomohiro Fukaya , Katsumi Okamura
IPC分类号： B32B18/00
CPC分类号： C04B41/87 , B23B27/141 , B23B27/145 , B23B2200/242 , B23B2224/04 , B23B2224/24 , B23B2224/32 , B23B2224/36 , B23B2226/125 , B23B2226/18 , B23B2228/10 , C04B35/58007 , C04B35/58014 , C04B35/58021 , C04B35/58028 , C04B35/581 , C04B35/5831 , C04B35/6348 , C04B35/645 , C04B37/005 , C04B37/006 , C04B37/026 , C04B41/009 , C04B41/4529 , C04B41/5062 , C04B2235/3217 , C04B2235/3804 , C04B2235/3813 , C04B2235/3839 , C04B2235/3843 , C04B2235/3852 , C04B2235/386 , C04B2235/3865 , C04B2235/3873 , C04B2235/3886 , C04B2235/3895 , C04B2235/402 , C04B2235/5436 , C04B2235/656 , C04B2235/661 , C04B2235/72 , C04B2235/721 , C04B2235/723 , C04B2235/786 , C04B2235/79 , C04B2235/80 , C04B2235/9607 , C04B2237/124 , C04B2237/125 , C04B2237/36 , C04B2237/361 , C04B2237/368 , Y10T428/265 , C04B41/5057 , C04B41/5063 , C04B41/5068 , C04B41/5061 , C04B35/117 , C04B35/583
摘要： In high efficiency cutting of very hard and hard-to-cut ferrous materials, compared with conventional cBN sintered body tools, the fatigue life of the machined part is improved and a longer lasting tool is provided by controlling the production of the affected layer by machining formed on the machined surface of the workpiece to be cut and by promoting residual of compression stress.The cBN sintered body related to the present invention has not less than 60% and not more than 95% of cBN components in volume, and has a thermal conductivity of 70 W/m·K or more; and the outermost surface thereof is coated with a heat resistant film comprising a compound of at least one element selected from 4a, 5a, 6a group elements and Al, and at least one element selected from C, N and O.
摘要翻译：与传统的cBN烧结体工具相比，在非常硬且难切割的铁质材料的高效切割中，加工部件的疲劳寿命得到改善，并且通过加工来控制受影响层的生产，提供更持久的工具形成在待切割工件的加工表面上，并且通过促进残余的压缩应力。本发明涉及的cBN烧结体的cBN成分的体积不小于60％且不超过95％，导热率为70W / m·K以上。并且其最外表面涂覆有包含选自4a，5a，6a族元素和Al的至少一种元素的化合物和选自C，N和O的至少一种元素的耐热膜。

7. 发明授权

US07553350B2 High-strength and highly-wear-resistant sintered diamond object and manufacturing method of the same 有权
标题翻译：高强度高耐磨烧结金刚石物体及其制造方法
公开(公告)号：US07553350B2
公开(公告)日：2009-06-30
申请号：US10580152
申请日：2005-07-26
申请人： Yoshihiro Kuroda , Satoru Kukino , Tomohiro Fukaya
发明人： Yoshihiro Kuroda , Satoru Kukino , Tomohiro Fukaya
IPC分类号： C22C26/00 , C22C1/04
CPC分类号： C22C26/00 , B22F3/15 , B22F2005/001 , B22F2005/002
摘要： A high-strength and highly-wear-resistant sintered diamond object according to the present invention includes sintered diamond particle having an average particle size of not larger than 2 μm and a binder phase as a remaining portion. The content of the sintered diamond particle in the sintered diamond object is not smaller than 80 volume % and not larger than 98 volume %. The binder phase contains at least one element selected from the group consisting of titanium and the like, of which content is not smaller than 0.5 mass % and less than 50 mass %, and contains cobalt, of which content is not smaller than 50 mass % and less than 99.5 mass %. A part of the element or the element as a whole is present as carbide particle having an average particle size of not larger than 0.8 μm. A texture of the carbide particle is discontinuous, and adjacent diamond particles are bound to each other. The sintered diamond object attaining excellent wear resistance, chipping resistance, shock resistance, and thermal conductivity can thus be obtained.
摘要翻译：根据本发明的高强度和高耐磨性烧结金刚石物体包括平均粒度不大于2μm的烧结金刚石颗粒和作为剩余部分的粘结相。烧结金刚石体中烧结金刚石颗粒的含量不小于80体积％且不大于98体积％。粘结相包含选自钛等的至少一种元素，其含量不小于0.5质量％且小于50质量％，并且含有不低于50质量％的钴，小于99.5质量％。元素或元素整体的一部分作为平均粒径不大于0.8μm的碳化物颗粒存在。碳化物颗粒的纹理是不连续的，并且相邻的金刚石颗粒彼此结合。因此可以获得获得优异的耐磨性，耐崩裂性，抗冲击性和导热性的烧结金刚石物体。

8. 发明申请

US20100112332A1 DIAMOND SINTERED BODY AND METHOD FOR PRODUCING SAME 审中-公开
标题翻译：钻石烧结体及其制造方法
公开(公告)号：US20100112332A1
公开(公告)日：2010-05-06
申请号：US12525037
申请日：2007-02-02
申请人： Yoshihiro Kuroda , Satoru Kukino , Minoru Yoshida , Tomohiro Fukaya
发明人： Yoshihiro Kuroda , Satoru Kukino , Minoru Yoshida , Tomohiro Fukaya
IPC分类号： C04B35/52 , C04B35/64 , C04B41/00 , C22C26/00
CPC分类号： C04B35/52 , B21C3/025 , C04B35/645 , C04B2235/3839 , C04B2235/3843 , C04B2235/3847 , C04B2235/405 , C04B2235/427 , C04B2235/77 , C04B2235/786 , C04B2235/96 , C22C26/00 , Y10T428/24997
摘要： Provided are a diamond sintered body having higher strength and more excellent wear resistance than a conventional diamond sintered body, and a method for producing such a diamond sintered body. The diamond sintered body includes diamond particles, a binder, and a void. The diamond particles have a content of not less than 80% by volume but less than 98% by volume. The binder includes a solid solution containing at least one element selected from a group consisting of titanium, zirconium, vanadium, niobium, and chromium, carbon, and tungsten, as well as an iron group element. Neighboring ones of the diamond particles are bonded to one another. The method provides such a diamond sintered body.
摘要翻译：提供一种具有比常规金刚石烧结体更高的强度和更优异的耐磨性的金刚石烧结体，以及这种金刚石烧结体的制造方法。金刚石烧结体包括金刚石颗粒，粘合剂和空隙。金刚石颗粒的含量不小于80体积％但小于98体积％。粘合剂包括含有选自钛，锆，钒，铌和铬，碳和钨中的至少一种元素的固溶体以及铁族元素。相邻的金刚石颗粒彼此粘结。该方法提供了这种金刚石烧结体。

9. 发明申请

US20100088969A1 DIAMOND SINTER 审中-公开
标题翻译：金刚石
公开(公告)号：US20100088969A1
公开(公告)日：2010-04-15
申请号：US12525194
申请日：2007-02-02
申请人： Yoshihiro Kuroda , Satoru Kukino , Tomohiro Fukaya
发明人： Yoshihiro Kuroda , Satoru Kukino , Tomohiro Fukaya
IPC分类号： C04B35/52
CPC分类号： C22C26/00
摘要： A diamond sinter which has higher hardness than conventional diamond sinters and is excellent in strength including chipping resistance and wearing resistance. The diamond sinter comprises diamond particles and a binder and is characterized in that the binder comprises: a solid solution comprising carbon, tungsten, and at least one element selected from the group consisting of titanium, zirconium, vanadium, niobium, and chromium; and an iron-group element represented by cobalt. It is further characterized in that adjacent diamond particles are bonded to each other.
摘要翻译：具有比常规金刚石烧结体更高的硬度的金刚石烧结体，并且具有优异的强度，包括耐崩裂性和耐磨性。金刚石烧结体包括金刚石颗粒和粘合剂，其特征在于粘合剂包括：包含碳，钨和至少一种选自钛，锆，钒，铌和铬的元素的固溶体; 和由钴代表的铁族元素。其特征还在于相邻的金刚石颗粒彼此结合。

10. 发明申请

US20080066388A1 High-Strength and Highly-Wear-Resistant Sintered Diamond Object and Manufacturing Method of the Same 有权
标题翻译：高强度，高耐磨性烧结钻石物体及其制造方法
公开(公告)号：US20080066388A1
公开(公告)日：2008-03-20
申请号：US10580152
申请日：2005-07-26
申请人： Yoshihiro Kuroda , Satoru Kukino , Tomohiro Fukaya
发明人： Yoshihiro Kuroda , Satoru Kukino , Tomohiro Fukaya
IPC分类号： B24D3/10
CPC分类号： C22C26/00 , B22F3/15 , B22F2005/001 , B22F2005/002
摘要： A high-strength and highly-wear-resistant sintered diamond object according to the present invention includes sintered diamond particle having an average particle size of not larger than 2 μm and a binder phase as a remaining portion. The content of the sintered diamond particle in the sintered diamond object is not smaller than 80 volume % and not larger than 98 volume %. The binder phase contains at least one element selected from the group consisting of titanium and the like, of which content is not smaller than 0.5 mass % and less than 50 mass %, and contains cobalt, of which content is not smaller than 50 mass % and less than 99.5 mass %. A part of the element or the element as a whole is present as carbide particle having an average particle size of not larger than 0.8 μm. A texture of the carbide particle is discontinuous, and adjacent diamond particles are bound to each other. The sintered diamond object attaining excellent wear resistance, chipping resistance, shock resistance, and thermal conductivity can thus be obtained.
摘要翻译：根据本发明的高强度和高耐磨性烧结金刚石物体包括平均粒度不大于2μm的烧结金刚石颗粒和作为剩余部分的粘结相。烧结金刚石体中烧结金刚石颗粒的含量不小于80体积％且不大于98体积％。粘结相包含选自钛等的至少一种元素，其含量不小于0.5质量％且小于50质量％，并且含有不低于50质量％的钴，小于99.5质量％。元素或元素整体的一部分作为平均粒径不大于0.8μm的碳化物颗粒存在。碳化物颗粒的纹理是不连续的，并且相邻的金刚石颗粒彼此结合。因此可以获得获得优异的耐磨性，耐崩裂性，抗冲击性和导热性的烧结金刚石物体。

你已经成功收藏专利！

检索式保存成功!

IPRDB

热门服务

关于我们

友情链接

联系方式