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1. 发明授权

US5870758A Method and apparatus for providing isolation levels in a database system 失效
标题翻译：在数据库系统中提供隔离级别的方法和装置
公开(公告)号：US5870758A
公开(公告)日：1999-02-09
申请号：US613026
申请日：1996-03-11
申请人： Roger J. Bamford , Kenneth R. Jacobs
发明人： Roger J. Bamford , Kenneth R. Jacobs
IPC分类号： G06F17/30 , G06F17/40
CPC分类号： G06F17/30362 , Y10S707/99938 , Y10S707/99952 , Y10S707/99953
摘要： A method and system for providing isolation levels in a database system is provided. A serializable isolation level is provided by causing all statements in a transaction to see a "snapshot" of the database. A snapshot includes only those changes made to the database by a particular set of transactions. For example, the snapshot for a given transaction may include only the changes made by transactions that committed prior to the execution of the given transaction. The set of all transactions whose changes are included in a particular snapshot of the database is referred to as the snapshot set. Concurrently executing transactions may update the database while a serializable transaction is being executed. Updates that are not included in the snapshot of the serializable transaction are undone prior to processing each statement in the serializable transaction to recreate the data as it existed in the snapshot. If a serializable transaction attempts to update data that was updated by a transaction that is not in the snapshot set of the serializable transaction, then the serializable transaction is rolled back. A read committed isolation level is provided by establishing a different snapshot for each statement in a transaction.
摘要翻译：提供了一种用于在数据库系统中提供隔离级别的方法和系统。通过使事务中的所有语句都可以看到数据库的“快照”来提供可序列化的隔离级别。快照仅包含由特定事务集合对数据库所做的更改。例如，给定事务的快照可能仅包括在执行给定事务之前提交的事务所做的更改。更改包含在数据库的特定快照中的所有事务的集合称为快照集。同时执行的事务可能在执行可序列化事务时更新数据库。不包括在可序列化事务的快照中的更新在处理可序列化事务中的每个语句之前将被撤销，以重新创建快照中存在的数据。如果可序列化事务尝试更新由可序列化事务的快照集中的事务更新的数据，则可序列化事务将回滚。通过为事务中的每个语句建立不同的快照来提供读提交的隔离级别。

2. 发明申请

US20110295822A1 Methods to Perform Disk Writes in a Distributed Shared Disk System Needing Consistency Across Failures 审中-公开
标题翻译：在分布式共享磁盘系统中执行磁盘写入的方法需要跨故障一致性
公开(公告)号：US20110295822A1
公开(公告)日：2011-12-01
申请号：US13205443
申请日：2011-08-08
申请人： Sashikanth Chandrasekaran , Roger J. Bamford , William H. Bridge , David Brower , Neil MacNaughton , Wilson Wai Shun Chan , Vinay Srihari
发明人： Sashikanth Chandrasekaran , Roger J. Bamford , William H. Bridge , David Brower , Neil MacNaughton , Wilson Wai Shun Chan , Vinay Srihari
IPC分类号： G06F17/30
CPC分类号： G06F12/0866 , G06F11/1469 , G06F11/1471 , G06F12/0804 , G06F12/0815 , Y10S707/99952 , Y10S707/99953 , Y10S707/99954
摘要： Techniques are provided for managing caches in a system with multiple caches that may contain different copies of the same data item. Specifically, techniques are provided for coordinating the write-to-disk operations performed on such data items to ensure that older versions of the data item are not written over newer versions, and to reduce the amount of processing required to recover after a failure. Various approaches are provided in which a master is used to coordinate with the multiple caches to cause a data item to be written to persistent storage. Techniques are also provided for transferring data items and locks associated with the data items from one node to another.
摘要翻译：提供了用于管理具有多个高速缓存的系统中的高速缓存的技术，其可以包含相同数据项的不同副本。具体地说，提供了用于协调对这些数据项执行的写盘操作的技术，以确保数据项的较早版本不会被写入较新的版本，并且减少在故障之后恢复所需的处理量。提供了各种方法，其中使用主机与多个高速缓存进行协调以使数据项被写入持久存储器。还提供了用于将与数据项相关联的数据项和锁从一个节点传送到另一个节点的技术。

3. 发明授权

US07930278B2 Methods to perform disk writes in a distributed shared disk system needing consistency across failures 有权
公开(公告)号：US07930278B2
公开(公告)日：2011-04-19
申请号：US11708857
申请日：2007-02-20
申请人： Sashikanth Chandrasekaran , Roger J. Bamford , William H. Bridge , David Brower , Neil Macnaughton , Wilson Wai Shun Chan , Vinay Srihari
发明人： Sashikanth Chandrasekaran , Roger J. Bamford , William H. Bridge , David Brower , Neil Macnaughton , Wilson Wai Shun Chan , Vinay Srihari
IPC分类号： G06F17/00 , G06F7/00 , G06F13/00
CPC分类号： G06F12/0866 , G06F11/1469 , G06F11/1471 , G06F12/0804 , G06F12/0815 , G06F12/0817 , Y10S707/99952 , Y10S707/99953 , Y10S707/99954
摘要： Techniques are provided for managing caches in a system with multiple caches that may contain different copies of the same data item. Specifically, techniques are provided for coordinating the write-to-disk operations performed on such data items to ensure that older versions of the data item are not written over newer versions, and to reduce the amount of processing required to recover after a failure. Various approaches are provided in which a master is used to coordinate with the multiple caches to cause a data item to be written to persistent storage. Techniques are also provided for managing checkpoints associated with the caches, where the checkpoints are used to determine the position at which to begin processing recovery logs in the event of a failure.

4. 发明授权

US06353836B1 Method and apparatus for transferring data from the cache of one node to the cache of another node 有权
标题翻译：用于将数据从一个节点的高速缓存传送到另一个节点的高速缓存的方法和装置
公开(公告)号：US06353836B1
公开(公告)日：2002-03-05
申请号：US09199120
申请日：1998-11-24
申请人： Roger J. Bamford , Boris Klots
发明人： Roger J. Bamford , Boris Klots
IPC分类号： G06F1730
CPC分类号： G06F11/1471 , G06F2201/80 , Y10S707/915 , Y10S707/99938 , Y10S707/99952 , Y10S707/99953 , Y10S707/99954
摘要： A method and apparatus are provided for transferring a resource from the cache of one database server to the cache of another database server without first writing the resource to disk. When a database server (Requestor) desires to modify a resource, the Requestor asks for the current version of the resource. The database server that has the current version (Holder) directly ships the current version to the Requestor. Upon shipping the version, the Holder loses permission to modify the resource, but continues to retain the resource in memory. When the retained version of the resource, or a later version thereof, is written to disk, the Holder can discard the retained version of the resource. Otherwise, the Holder does not discard the retained version. Using this technique, single-server failures are recovered without having to merge the recovery logs of the various database servers that had access to the resource.
摘要翻译：提供了一种方法和装置，用于将资源从一个数据库服务器的高速缓存传送到另一个数据库服务器的高速缓存，而无需首先将资源写入磁盘。当数据库服务器（请求者）希望修改资源时，请求者要求资源的当前版本。具有当前版本（Holder）的数据库服务器将当前版本直接发送到请求者。运送版本后，持有人将失去修改资源的权限，但继续将资源保留在内存中。当将资源的保留版本或其更新版本写入磁盘时，持有者可以丢弃资源的保留版本。否则，持有人不会丢弃保留的版本。使用此技术，恢复单服务器故障，而无需合并可访问资源的各种数据库服务器的恢复日志。

5. 发明授权

US06237001B1 Managing access to data in a distributed database environment 失效
标题翻译：管理分布式数据库环境中的数据访问
公开(公告)号：US06237001B1
公开(公告)日：2001-05-22
申请号：US09095463
申请日：1998-06-10
申请人： Roger J. Bamford , Boris Klots
发明人： Roger J. Bamford , Boris Klots
IPC分类号： G06F1500
CPC分类号： G06F9/466 , G06F17/30356 , G06F17/30575 , Y10S707/99933 , Y10S707/99938 , Y10S707/99953
摘要： A method and an apparatus for managing access to data on a distributed database system is provided. A snapshot list is generated for a transaction executing on the distributed database system. The snapshot list specifies snapshot times for a plurality of locations in the distributed database system. The snapshot times are determined based upon the location of a data item and the location where the transaction is executing. The selection of a version of the data item to be provided to the transaction is made based upon the snapshot time for the location associated with the data.
摘要翻译：提供了一种用于管理分布式数据库系统上的数据访问的方法和装置。为在分布式数据库系统上执行的事务生成快照列表。快照列表指定分布式数据库系统中多个位置的快照时间。快照时间是基于数据项的位置和事务正在执行的位置确定的。基于与数据相关联的位置的快照时间来选择要提供给事务的数据项的版本。

6. 发明授权

US6012060A Sharing, updating data blocks among multiple nodes in a distributed system 失效
标题翻译：在分布式系统中的多个节点之间共享，更新数据块
公开(公告)号：US6012060A
公开(公告)日：2000-01-04
申请号：US865651
申请日：1997-05-30
申请人： Juan R. Loaiza , Neil Macnaughton , Roger J. Bamford , William H. Bridge , Boris Klots
发明人： Juan R. Loaiza , Neil Macnaughton , Roger J. Bamford , William H. Bridge , Boris Klots
IPC分类号： G06F17/30
CPC分类号： G06F9/52 , Y10S707/99938 , Y10S707/99953
摘要： A method for preventing multiple pings. An embodiment of the invention detects requests of data blocks entailing pings likely to cause additional pings. The servicing of requests involving a pings likely to cause additional pings is deferred until a service enabling conditions occurs. Another embodiment of the invention detects situations where by further updating a data block before pinging the data block use of resources on the remote node requesting the data block are reduced. The servicing of the request for the data block is deferred until a service enabling conditions occurs.
摘要翻译：一种防止多次ping的方法。本发明的一个实施例检测到可能导致额外ping的点的数据块的请求。涉及可能引起额外波的呼吸的请求的服务被推迟到发生服务使能条件。本发明的另一实施例检测在ping数据块之前进一步更新数据块的情况，数据块在远程节点上的资源使用被请求数据块减少。对数据块的请求的服务被延迟，直到发生服务使能条件。

7. 发明授权

US5806076A Tracking dependencies between transactions in a database 失效
标题翻译：跟踪数据库中的事务之间的依赖关系
公开(公告)号：US5806076A
公开(公告)日：1998-09-08
申请号：US740544
申请日：1996-10-29
申请人： Gary C. Ngai , Roger J. Bamford , Garret Swart
发明人： Gary C. Ngai , Roger J. Bamford , Garret Swart
IPC分类号： G06F9/46 , G06F17/30
CPC分类号： G06F17/30356 , G06F9/466 , Y10S707/99953 , Y10S707/99954
摘要： A method and an apparatus for tracking of the dependencies between transactions is provided. Every time a data item is updated, a record is made of the transaction that updated the data item. Before another transaction locks a data item previously locked by the transaction, the entry is updated to indicate that the transaction committed and the commit time of the transaction. These entries are contained in a list head that is maintained on the same block as the data item, and a list tail that is stored separate from the data block that contains the data item. A depends-on time is maintained for each transaction. Whenever the transaction updates a data item, the depends-on time is set to the greater of the current depends-on time and the commit time of the most recently committed transaction that updated the version of the data item. Whether a transaction depends on a committed transaction is then determined based on a simple comparison between the depends-on time associated with the transaction and the commit time of the committed transaction.
摘要翻译：提供了用于跟踪事务之间的依赖关系的方法和装置。每次更新数据项时，都会对更新数据项的事务进行记录。在另一个事务锁定先前由事务锁定的数据项之前，将更新该条目以指示事务已提交和事务的提交时间。这些条目包含在与数据项相同的块上维护的列表头中，以及与包含数据项的数据块分开存储的列表尾。维护每个交易的依赖时间。每当事务更新数据项时，依赖时间被设置为当前依赖时间的更大值以及更新数据项版本的最近提交的事务的提交时间。然后，基于与事务相关联的依赖时间与承诺事务的提交时间之间的简单比较来确定事务是否依赖于提交的事务。

8. 发明授权

US08086579B1 Semantic response to lock requests to reduce coherence overhead in multi-node systems 有权
标题翻译：语义响应锁定请求以减少多节点系统中的一致性开销
公开(公告)号：US08086579B1
公开(公告)日：2011-12-27
申请号：US10056716
申请日：2002-01-22
申请人： Sashikanth Chandrasekaran , Roger J. Bamford
发明人： Sashikanth Chandrasekaran , Roger J. Bamford
IPC分类号： G06F7/00 , G06F17/00 , G06F17/30
CPC分类号： G06F17/30362
摘要： Techniques are provided for lock management. The techniques are based on an enhanced lock management system that generates a semantic response in response to lock requests for a resource. The semantic response communicates both the underlying cause blocking the request, and information that may be used by the requester to obtain notification of when the underlying cause should no longer lead to denial of the lock request. The semantic response may be generated by the master of the resource, who provides the semantic response to the local lock manager of the lock requester. The semantic response may be retained by the local lock manager so that the semantic response can be provided to subsequent lock requesters, without need for interacting with another lock manager on another node.
摘要翻译：提供了锁管理技术。这些技术基于增强的锁管理系统，其响应于对资源的锁请求而产生语义响应。语义响应传达阻止请求的基本原因以及请求者可以使用的信息，以获得何时不再导致拒绝锁定请求的通知。语义响应可以由资源的主人产生，该资源的主人向锁请求者的本地锁管理器提供语义响应。语义响应可以由本地锁管理器保留，使得可以将语义响应提供给后续的锁请求者，而不需要与另一节点上的另一个锁管理器进行交互。

9. 发明申请

US20110173169A1 Methods To Perform Disk Writes In A Distributed Shared Disk System Needing Consistency Across Failures 审中-公开
标题翻译：在分布式共享磁盘系统中执行磁盘写入的方法需要跨故障一致性
公开(公告)号：US20110173169A1
公开(公告)日：2011-07-14
申请号：US13070433
申请日：2011-03-23
申请人： Sashikanth Chandrasekaran , Roger J. Bamford , William H. Bridge , David Brower , Neil Macnaughton , Wilson Wai Shun Chan , Vinay Srihari
发明人： Sashikanth Chandrasekaran , Roger J. Bamford , William H. Bridge , David Brower , Neil Macnaughton , Wilson Wai Shun Chan , Vinay Srihari
IPC分类号： G06F17/30
CPC分类号： G06F12/0866 , G06F11/1469 , G06F11/1471 , G06F12/0804 , G06F12/0815 , G06F12/0817 , Y10S707/99952 , Y10S707/99953 , Y10S707/99954
摘要： Techniques are provided for managing caches in a system with multiple caches that may contain different copies of the same data item. Specifically, techniques are provided for coordinating the write-to-disk operations performed on such data items to ensure that older versions of the data item are not written over newer versions, and to reduce the amount of processing required to recover after a failure. Various approaches are provided in which a master is used to coordinate with the multiple caches to cause a data item to be written to persistent storage. Techniques are also provided for managing checkpoints associated with the caches, where the checkpoints are used to determine the position at which to begin processing recovery logs in the event of a failure.
摘要翻译：提供了用于管理具有多个高速缓存的系统中的高速缓存的技术，其可以包含相同数据项的不同副本。具体地说，提供了用于协调对这些数据项执行的写盘操作的技术，以确保数据项的较早版本不会被写入较新的版本，并且减少在故障之后恢复所需的处理量。提供了各种方法，其中使用主机与多个高速缓存进行协调以使数据项被写入持久存储器。还提供了用于管理与高速缓存相关联的检查点的技术，其中检查点用于确定在发生故障的情况下开始处理恢复日志的位置。

10. 发明授权

US06845384B2 One-phase commit in a shared-nothing database system 有权
标题翻译：无共享数据库系统中的一阶段提交
公开(公告)号：US06845384B2
公开(公告)日：2005-01-18
申请号：US10718875
申请日：2003-11-21
申请人： Roger J. Bamford , Sashikanth Chandrasekaran , Angelo Pruscino
发明人： Roger J. Bamford , Sashikanth Chandrasekaran , Angelo Pruscino
IPC分类号： G06F9/50 , G06F17/30
CPC分类号： G06F17/30575 , G06F17/30377 , Y10S707/99956
摘要： Techniques are provided for handling distributed transactions in shared-nothing database systems where one or more of the nodes have access to a shared persistent storage. Rather than coordinate the distributed transaction using a two-phase commit protocol, the coordinator of the distributed transaction uses a one-phase commit protocol with those participants that have access to the transaction status information maintained by the coordinator. The transaction status information may reside, for example, in the redo log of the coordinator. In the case that the coordinator fails, those participants can determine the state of the distributed transaction based on information stored on the shared disk. In addition, the coordinator is able to determine whether it is possible to commit the distributed transaction based on information that is stored on the shared disk by the participants, without those participants entering a formal “prepared” state.
摘要翻译：提供了用于在无共享数据库系统中处理分布式事务的技术，其中一个或多个节点可以访问共享永久存储。分布式事务的协调器不是使用两阶段提交协议来协调分布式事务，而是与那些能够访问协调器维护的事务状态信息的参与者使用一阶段提交协议。事务状态信息可以驻留在例如协调器的重做日志中。在协调器失败的情况下，这些参与者可以基于存储在共享磁盘上的信息来确定分布式事务的状态。此外，协调器能够根据参与者在共享磁盘上存储的信息来确定是否可以提交分布式事务，而不需要参与者进入正式的“准备”状态。

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