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1. 发明授权

US06847962B1 Analyzing, optimizing and rewriting queries using matching and compensation between query and automatic summary tables 有权
标题翻译：使用查询和自动汇总表之间的匹配和补偿来分析，优化和重写查询
公开(公告)号：US06847962B1
公开(公告)日：2005-01-25
申请号：US09502821
申请日：2000-02-11
申请人： Roberta Jo Cochrane , George Lapis , Ting Yu Leung , Mark A. Paskin , Mir Hamid Pirahesh , Yang Sun , Monica Sachiye Urata , Markos Zaharioudakis
发明人： Roberta Jo Cochrane , George Lapis , Ting Yu Leung , Mark A. Paskin , Mir Hamid Pirahesh , Yang Sun , Monica Sachiye Urata , Markos Zaharioudakis
IPC分类号： G06F7/00 , G06F17/30
CPC分类号： G06F17/30457 , Y10S707/99932 , Y10S707/99933 , Y10S707/99934 , Y10S707/99935
摘要： A method, apparatus, and article of manufacture for optimizing database queries using a derived summary table, wherein a definition of the summary table is based on a full select statement, including, but not limited to, a derived table involving nested GROUP BY operations and complex HAVING clauses with subqueries or joins, that is materialized in the table and describes how the summary table was derived. A query is analyzed using matching/compensation tests between the query and the definition of the summary table (that is, a query by itself) to determine whether expressions occurring anywhere in the query, but not in the summary table, can be derived using either the content in the summary table alone, or after combining (through some relational operator) the content of the summary table with other base tables, and hence the query is subsumed by or overlaps with the summary table definition.
摘要翻译：一种用于使用导出的摘要表优化数据库查询的方法，装置和制品，其中所述汇总表的定义基于完整的选择语句，包括但不限于涉及嵌套的GROUP BY操作的导出表，以及具有子查询或联接的复杂HAVING子句，在表中实现，并描述了汇总表的派生方式。使用查询和汇总表的定义（即自身的查询）之间的匹配/补偿测试来分析查询，以确定查询中任何地方（而不是摘要表中）中发生的表达式是否可以使用汇总表中的内容，或者通过一些关系运算符将汇总表的内容与其他基表合并，因此该查询被归纳或与汇总表定义重叠。

2. 发明授权

US06560594B2 Cube indices for relational database management systems 有权
标题翻译：关系数据库管理系统的多维数据集索引
公开(公告)号：US06560594B2
公开(公告)日：2003-05-06
申请号：US09401474
申请日：1999-09-22
申请人： Roberta Jo Cochrane , George Lapis , Ting Yu Leung , Mir Hamid Pirahesh , Yang Sun , Markos Zaharioudakis
发明人： Roberta Jo Cochrane , George Lapis , Ting Yu Leung , Mir Hamid Pirahesh , Yang Sun , Markos Zaharioudakis
IPC分类号： G06F700
CPC分类号： G06F17/30333 , G06F17/30457 , Y10S707/99932 , Y10S707/99933
摘要： A method, apparatus, and article of manufacture for optimizing database queries using subsumption tests between the query and at least one summary table that comprises a cube index to determine whether an expression in the query can be subsumed in the summary table. The summary table stores at least one materialized view involving at least one GROUP BY operation that computes at least one of the following: (1) a cube, (2) a rollup, (3) a grouping set, and (4) a concatenation of cubes, rollups, grouping sets, and one or more grouping items. When the expression in the query can be subsumed in the summary table, the query is rewritten to use the summary table.
摘要翻译：一种使用查询和包括多维数据集索引的至少一个汇总表之间的包含测试优化数据库查询的方法，装置和制品，用于确定查询中的表达式是否可以包含在汇总表中。汇总表存储至少一个涉及至少一个GROUP BY操作的物化视图，该至少一个GROUP BY操作计算以下中的至少一个：（1）立方体，（2）汇总，（3）分组集合，以及（4）连接多维数据集，汇总，分组集和一个或多个分组项目。当查询中的表达式可以包含在汇总表中时，将重写查询以使用汇总表。

3. 发明授权

US07167853B2 Matching and compensation tests for optimizing correlated subqueries within query using automatic summary tables 失效
标题翻译：使用自动汇总表在查询中优化相关子查询的匹配和补偿测试
公开(公告)号：US07167853B2
公开(公告)日：2007-01-23
申请号：US10287924
申请日：2002-11-05
申请人： Markos Zaharioudakis , Mir Hamid Pirahesh , Roberta Jo Cochrane , George Lapis , Yang Sun
发明人： Markos Zaharioudakis , Mir Hamid Pirahesh , Roberta Jo Cochrane , George Lapis , Yang Sun
IPC分类号： G06F17/30
CPC分类号： G06F17/30457 , Y10S707/99932 , Y10S707/99935
摘要： A method, apparatus, and article of manufacture for optimizing database queries using an automatic summary table. A query is analyzed using matching and compensation tests between the query at least one correlated subquery within the query and the automatic summary table to determine whether expressions occurring in the query, but not in the automatic summary table, can be derived using the automatic summary table. If so, the query is rewritten so that the automatic summary table is used.
摘要翻译：一种使用自动摘要表优化数据库查询的方法，装置和制品。使用查询之间的至少一个相关子查询和自动摘要表之间的匹配和补偿测试分析查询，以确定是否可以使用自动摘要表来导出在查询中发生的表达，但不能在自动汇总表中发生。如果是这样，则重写该查询，以便使用自动汇总表。

4. 发明授权

US06460027B1 Automatic recognition and rerouting of queries for optimal performance 有权
标题翻译：自动识别和重新路由查询以获得最佳性能
公开(公告)号：US06460027B1
公开(公告)日：2002-10-01
申请号：US09152559
申请日：1998-09-14
申请人： Roberta Jo Cochrane , George Lapis , Ting Yu Leung , Mir Hamid Pirahesh , Monica Sachiye Urata
发明人： Roberta Jo Cochrane , George Lapis , Ting Yu Leung , Mir Hamid Pirahesh , Monica Sachiye Urata
IPC分类号： G06F1730
CPC分类号： G06F17/30457 , Y10S707/99932 , Y10S707/99933 , Y10S707/99934
摘要： A method, apparatus, and article of manufacture for optimizing database queries uses a derived summary table, wherein a definition of the summary table is based on a full select statement that is materialized in the table and describes how the summary table was derived. The summary table definition can be a complex query involving nested GROUP BY operations as well as complex HAVING clauses with subqueries or join operations. A query is analyzed using subsumption tests between the query and the definition of the summary table to determine whether expressions occurring anywhere in the query, but not in the summary table, can be subsumed in the summary table. In performing the query, an expression in the query is subsumed in the summary table when the expression can be re-derived from one or more of the columns of the summary table.
摘要翻译：用于优化数据库查询的方法，装置和制品使用派生汇总表，其中汇总表的定义基于在表中实现的完整选择语句，并描述汇总表的衍生方式。汇总表定义可以是涉及嵌套GROUP BY操作的复杂查询以及具有子查询或连接操作的复杂HAVING子句。使用查询和摘要表定义之间的包含测试来分析查询，以确定在查询中的任何地方发生的表达式，但不在汇总表中是否可以包含在汇总表中。在执行查询时，当表达式可以从汇总表的一个或多个列中重新导出时，查询中的表达式将被包含在汇总表中。

5. 发明授权

US06339769B1 Query optimization by transparently altering properties of relational tables using materialized views 有权
标题翻译：通过使用实例化视图透明地更改关系表的属性来进行查询优化
公开(公告)号：US06339769B1
公开(公告)日：2002-01-15
申请号：US09152551
申请日：1998-09-14
申请人： Roberta Jo Cochrane , George Lapis , Ting Yu Leung , Mir Hamid Pirahesh , Monica Sachiye Urata , Richard Sefton Sidle , David E. Simmen , Calisto Paul Zuzarte
发明人： Roberta Jo Cochrane , George Lapis , Ting Yu Leung , Mir Hamid Pirahesh , Monica Sachiye Urata , Richard Sefton Sidle , David E. Simmen , Calisto Paul Zuzarte
IPC分类号： G06F1730
CPC分类号： G06F17/30457 , Y10S707/99932 , Y10S707/99933 , Y10S707/99934 , Y10S707/99945
摘要： A method, apparatus, and article of manufacture for optimizing database queries using a materialized view for a table referenced in the query, wherein the materialized view has different properties than the referenced table. The materialized view may be replicated across multiple processors of the computer system, so that some or all of the query can be executed in a local fashion wherein there is no data movement required to perform the operations. The materialized view also may be partitioned across multiple processors of the computer system using a different partitioning key than the referenced table. The materialized view may be a vertical and/or horizontal subset of the table, so that only selected columns and/or tuples from the table are present therein. Columns may be added to the materialized view to contain pre-computed results of complex expressions, and indices may be created on the columns of the materialized view.
摘要翻译：使用查询中引用的表的实例化视图优化数据库查询的方法，装置和制品，其中物化视图具有与所引用的表不同的属性。实体化视图可以复制在计算机系统的多个处理器上，使得可以以本地方式执行部分或全部查询，其中不存在执行操作所需的数据移动。实体化视图还可以使用与参考表不同的分区键在计算机系统的多个处理器上分区。实例化视图可以是表的垂直和/或水平子集，使得仅在表中存在所选择的列和/或元组。可以将列添加到物化视图以包含复合表达式的预计算结果，并且可以在物化视图的列上创建索引。

6. 发明授权

US06496828B1 Support for summary tables in a heterogeneous database environment 有权
标题翻译：支持异构数据库环境中的汇总表
公开(公告)号：US06496828B1
公开(公告)日：2002-12-17
申请号：US09466862
申请日：1999-12-17
申请人： Roberta Jo Cochrane , James C. Kleewein , Ting Yu Leung , Mir Hamid Pirahesh , Narayana Subramanian , Shivakumar Venkataraman
发明人： Roberta Jo Cochrane , James C. Kleewein , Ting Yu Leung , Mir Hamid Pirahesh , Narayana Subramanian , Shivakumar Venkataraman
IPC分类号： G06R1730
CPC分类号： G06F17/30463 , G06F17/30457 , G06F17/30545 , Y10S707/971 , Y10S707/99933
摘要： A system, method, and article of manufacture for supporting summary tables in a distributed database environment is disclosed. The system generally comprises a central program and a plurality of remote database systems that may be heterogeneous. The central program is configured to communicate with the database systems and to support summary tables (also referred to as materialized views) within the central program or within one or more of the database systems. The summary tables may contain summary data from one or more of the database systems. The central program may initiate the generation of summary tables, which may be populated local to the central program or local to one or more of the database systems. The central program may also maintain or coordinate maintenance of the summary tables. In addition, the central program may be configured to receive user queries on one or more of the database systems and to generate optimized query plans based upon the user queries, considering in so doing, the summary tables.
摘要翻译：公开了一种用于支持分布式数据库环境中的汇总表的系统，方法和制品。该系统通常包括可以是异构的中央程序和多个远程数据库系统。中央程序被配置为与数据库系统进行通信，并且支持中央程序内或在一个或多个数据库系统内的汇总表（也称为物化视图）。汇总表可能包含来自一个或多个数据库系统的汇总数据。中央程序可以启动汇总表的生成，其可以在中央程序本地填充或本地地填充到一个或多个数据库系统。中央程序还可以维护或协调汇总表的维护。此外，中央程序可以被配置为在一个或多个数据库系统上接收用户查询，并且基于用户查询来生成优化的查询计划，在这样做时，总结表。

7. 发明授权

US06581205B1 Intelligent compilation of materialized view maintenance for query processing systems 失效
标题翻译：智能编译查询处理系统的物化视图维护
公开(公告)号：US06581205B1
公开(公告)日：2003-06-17
申请号：US09464556
申请日：1999-12-16
申请人： Roberta Jo Cochrane , Ting Yu Leung , Chandrasekaran Mohan , Mir Hamid Pirahesh , Richard Sefton Sidle
发明人： Roberta Jo Cochrane , Ting Yu Leung , Chandrasekaran Mohan , Mir Hamid Pirahesh , Richard Sefton Sidle
IPC分类号： G06F945
CPC分类号： G06F17/30383 , Y10S707/99933
摘要： A method, apparatus, and article of manufacture for maintaining a materialized view derived from at least one base table in a database stored on a computer. An update is performed to the base table in a transaction. Thereafter, the materialized view is accessed to identify affected records therein using at least one mechanism, such as an isolation level or update- and exclusive-locks, to guarantee consistency while avoiding deadlocks with other transactions that modify at least one base table of the materialized view and to improve concurrency with other transactions that are accessing the materialized view when the modification to the base table is applied to the materialized view.
摘要翻译：一种用于在存储在计算机上的数据库中维护从至少一个基表导出的物化视图的方法，装置和制品。在事务中对基表执行更新。此后，访问物化视图以使用至少一种机制（例如隔离级别或更新和排他锁定）来确定其中的受影响的记录，以保证一致性，同时避免与修改实例化的至少一个基表的其他事务的死锁查看并改进与基础表的修改应用于实例化视图时访问物化视图的其他事务的并发性。

8. 发明授权

US06532470B1 Support for summary tables in a database system that does not otherwise support summary tables 有权
标题翻译：支持不支持汇总表的数据库系统中的汇总表
公开(公告)号：US06532470B1
公开(公告)日：2003-03-11
申请号：US09466861
申请日：1999-12-17
申请人： Roberta Jo Cochrane , James C. Kleewein , Ting Yu Leung , Mir Hamid Pirahesh , Narayana Subramanina , Shivkumar Venkataraman
发明人： Roberta Jo Cochrane , James C. Kleewein , Ting Yu Leung , Mir Hamid Pirahesh , Narayana Subramanina , Shivkumar Venkataraman
IPC分类号： G06F700
CPC分类号： G06F17/30575 , Y10S707/99943
摘要： A system, method, and article of manufacture for supporting summary tables in a database system that does not otherwise support summary tables is disclosed. The system generally comprises a central program and one or more database systems that may be heterogeneous. At least one of the database systems does not support the generation, maintenance, and/or querying of summary tables. The central program is configured to communicate with the database systems and to identify relations corresponding to summary tables (also referred to as materialized views) within one or more of the database systems. The central program may initiate the generation of summary tables, which may be populated local to the central program or local to one or more of the database systems. The central program may also maintain or coordinate maintenance of the summary tables. In addition, the central program is preferably configured to receive user queries on one or more of the database systems and to generate optimized query plans based upon the user queries, considering in so doing, the contents of the summary tables.
摘要翻译：公开了一种用于支持不另外支持汇总表的数据库系统中的汇总表的系统，方法和制品。系统通常包括中央程序和可以是异构的一个或多个数据库系统。至少有一个数据库系统不支持汇总表的生成，维护和/或查询。中央程序被配置为与数据库系统通信并且在一个或多个数据库系统内识别对应于汇总表（也称为物化视图）的关系。中央程序可以启动汇总表的生成，其可以在中央程序本地填充或本地地填充到一个或多个数据库系统。中央程序还可以维护或协调汇总表的维护。此外，中央程序优选地被配置为在一个或多个数据库系统上接收用户查询，并且基于用户查询生成优化的查询计划，在这样做时考虑到汇总表的内容。

9. 发明授权

US6081801A Shared nothing parallel execution of procedural constructs in SQL 失效
标题翻译：在SQL中并不执行任何程序结构
公开(公告)号：US6081801A
公开(公告)日：2000-06-27
申请号：US885479
申请日：1997-06-30
申请人： Roberta Jo Cochrane , George Lapis , Mir Hamid Pirahesh , Richard Sefton Sidle , David Everett Simmen , Tuong Chanh Truong , Monica Sachiye Urata
发明人： Roberta Jo Cochrane , George Lapis , Mir Hamid Pirahesh , Richard Sefton Sidle , David Everett Simmen , Tuong Chanh Truong , Monica Sachiye Urata
IPC分类号： G06F17/30 , G06Q10/04 , G06F17/00
CPC分类号： G06Q10/04 , G06F17/30433 , G06F17/30445 , Y10S707/99933 , Y10S707/99938 , Y10S707/99952
摘要： An automated methodology, and an apparatus for practicing the methodology, which enables the power and flexibility inherent in shared nothing parallel database systems (MPP) to be utilized on complex queries which have, heretofore, contained query elements requiring local computation or local coordination of data computation performed across the nodes of the distributed system. The present invention provides these features and advantages by identifying and marking the subgraphs containing these types of query elements as "no TQ zones" in the preparation phase prior to optimization. When the optimizer sees the markings, it builds a plan that will force the computation of the marked subgraphs to be in the same section. This preparation phase also provides the partitioning information for all inputs to the "no TQ zones". This allows the bottom-up optimizer to correctly plan the partitioning for the "no TQ zones". These partitionings can force the operation to a single-node, the coordinator node, the catalog node, or to a particular partition class on multiple nodes, or nodegroups.
摘要翻译：一种自动化方法和一种用于实践该方法的装置，其使得无共享并行数据库系统（MPP）中固有的功能和灵活性能够用于复杂查询，其以前包含需要本地计算或数据的本地协调的查询元素在分布式系统的节点上进行计算。本发明通过在优化之前的准备阶段中将包含这些类型的查询元素的子图识别和标记为“无TQ区”来提供这些特征和优点。当优化器看到标记时，它建立一个计划，强制计算标记的子图在同一部分。此准备阶段还提供“无TQ区域”的所有输入的分区信息。这允许自下而上优化器正确地计划“无TQ区域”的分区。这些分区可以将操作强制到单节点，协调器节点，目录节点或多个节点或节点组上的特定分区类。

10. 发明授权

US5873075A Synchronization of SQL actions in a relational database system 失效
标题翻译：在关系数据库系统中同步SQL操作
公开(公告)号：US5873075A
公开(公告)日：1999-02-16
申请号：US884832
申请日：1997-06-30
申请人： Roberta Jo Cochrane , George Lapis , Mir Hamid Pirahesh , Richard Sefton Sidle , David Everett Simmen , Tuong Chanh Truong , Monica Sachiye Urata
发明人： Roberta Jo Cochrane , George Lapis , Mir Hamid Pirahesh , Richard Sefton Sidle , David Everett Simmen , Tuong Chanh Truong , Monica Sachiye Urata
IPC分类号： G06F17/30
CPC分类号： G06F17/30427 , G06F17/30371 , G06F17/30436 , G06F17/30471 , G06F17/3051 , Y10S707/99932
摘要： An automated system for detecting and preventing mutating table violations of database integrity in a SQL query before generation and selection of an optimal query execution plan (QEP). This system modifies the query graph model (QGM) to restrict the choice of execution plans to those that avoid mutating table integrity (MTI) violations, thereby forcing database integrity during table mutation when executing the optimal QEP. Mutating table integrity violations are detected by evaluating the position in the QGM of each write-node referencing a particular base table with respect to each of the positions of all other read- and write-nodes referencing of the same base table. Every common-referencing node pair is tested for sequencing conflicts and a data-flow dam is inserted in the QGM where necessary or a poke query is inserted between the nodes to force the completion of the execution of one node before initiating execution of the other common-referencing node. The system of this invention allows processing of all non-cyclic and most cyclic SQL queries known to cause mutating table integrity violations, such as queries having searched and positioned inserts, deletes and updates, and row-level triggers.
摘要翻译：一种用于在生成和选择最优查询执行计划（QEP）之前，在SQL查询中检测和防止突变表违反数据库完整性的自动化系统。该系统修改查询图模型（QGM），将执行计划的选择限制为避免突变表完整性（MTI）违规的选择，从而在执行最佳QEP时强制表突变期间的数据库完整性。通过评估参考相同基准表的所有其他读 - 写节点的每个位置的引用特定基表的每个写节点的QGM中的位置来检测突变表完整性违反。每个公共参考节点对都进行排序冲突测试，并且数据流大坝插入到QGM中，如果需要，或者在节点之间插入一个戳查询，强制完成一个节点的执行，然后再启动另一个常见的执行 - 参考节点。本发明的系统允许处理已知导致突变表完整性违例的所有非循环和大多数循环SQL查询，例如具有搜索和定位的插入，删除和更新的查询以及行级触发器。

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