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1. 发明授权

US07305114B2 Human/machine interface for a machine vision sensor and method for installing and operating the same 有权
标题翻译：用于机器视觉传感器的人机界面和用于安装和操作机器视觉传感器的方法
公开(公告)号：US07305114B2
公开(公告)日：2007-12-04
申请号：US10036310
申请日：2001-12-26
申请人： Robert Wolff , William Silver
发明人： Robert Wolff , William Silver
IPC分类号： G06K9/00 , G06K9/62 , G06K9/40 , H04N7/18 , H04N9/47 , H04N7/00
CPC分类号： G06K9/6253 , G05B2219/37494 , G05B2219/37563
摘要： This invention overcomes the disadvantages of the prior art by providing a human/machine interface (HMI) for use with machine vision systems (MVSs) that provides the machine vision system processing functionality at the sensor end of the system, and uses a communication interface to exchange control, image and analysis information with a standardized, preferably portable device that can be removed from the MVS during runtime. In an illustrative embodiment, this portable device can be a web-browser equipped computer (handheld, laptop or fixed PC) or a Personal Digital Assistant (PDA). The communication interface on the sensor-end of the system is adapted to communicate over a cable or wireless communication link (for example infrared (IR) or radio frequency (RF)), with a corresponding communication interface in the portable device. The data communicated over the interconnect or link is formatted so that it is read at a data speed and level of resolution (pixel count) that is appropriate to the portable device by use of an image processor at the sensor end.
摘要翻译：本发明通过提供一种用于机器视觉系统（MVS）的人机界面（HMI）来克服现有技术的缺点，机器视觉系统（MVS）在系统的传感器端提供机器视觉系统处理功能，并且使用通信接口交换控制，图像和分析信息与标准化，优选便携式设备，可以在运行时从MVS中删除。在说明性实施例中，该便携式设备可以是配备网络浏览器的计算机（手持式，膝上型或固定式PC）或个人数字助理（PDA）。系统的传感器端上的通信接口适于通过电缆或无线通信链路（例如，红外（IR）或射频（RF））与便携式设备中的对应通信接口进行通信。通过互连或链接传送的数据被格式化，使得其在传感器端通过使用图像处理器以便于便携式设备的数据速度和分辨率水平（像素数）被读取。

2. 发明授权

US07167575B1 Video safety detector with projected pattern 有权
标题翻译：具有投影图案的视频安全检测器
公开(公告)号：US07167575B1
公开(公告)日：2007-01-23
申请号：US09563011
申请日：2000-04-29
申请人： Sanjay Nichani , Robert Wolff , William Silver , David A. Schatz
发明人： Sanjay Nichani , Robert Wolff , William Silver , David A. Schatz
IPC分类号： G06K9/00
CPC分类号： G08B13/19604 , G08B13/1961
摘要： A two-dimensional (2-D) machine-vision safety-solution involving a method and apparatus for performing high-integrity, high efficiency machine vision. A known structured lighting texture pattern is projected upon a target area. A model image of the pattern on an empty target field is stored during an initial training step. The machine vision safety solution digitally interprets a camera image of the light reflected by the objects in the target area to detect and characterize a pattern in the image. The pattern characterization is then processed to determine if a distortion of the characterization factors is larger than a predetermined threshold, and results in an alarm condition.
摘要翻译：二维（2-D）机器视觉安全解决方案涉及一种执行高完整性，高效率机器视觉的方法和装置。将已知的结构化照明纹理图案投影到目标区域上。在初始训练步骤中存储空目标区域上的模式的模型图像。机器视觉安全解决方案数字地解释由目标区域中的物体反射的光的照相机图像，以检测和表征图像中的图案。然后处理图案表征以确定特征因子的失真是否大于预定阈值，并且导致报警状况。

3. 发明授权

US06469734B1 Video safety detector with shadow elimination 有权
标题翻译：视频安全检测器，具有阴影消除
公开(公告)号：US06469734B1
公开(公告)日：2002-10-22
申请号：US09563010
申请日：2000-04-29
申请人： Sanjay Nichani , Robert Wolff , William Silver , David A. Schatz
发明人： Sanjay Nichani , Robert Wolff , William Silver , David A. Schatz
IPC分类号： H04N718
CPC分类号： H04N7/188
摘要： A two-dimensional (2-D) machine-vision safety-solution involving a method and apparatus for performing high-integrity, high efficiency machine vision. The machine vision safety solution digitally filters a configurable number of time-sequenced images of a viewed area to create a filtered image. A textured background is used as a static target and viewed under ambient light, or alternatively a texture is observed under IR light. An artificial texture can be created with a particularized pattern. Each new image is then compared to the previously created model and a pixel-oriented difference image is calculated. The difference image is then processed for segmentation features attributable to an intruder object. For segmentation results that exceed a predetermined threshold, an alarm condition is set.
摘要翻译：二维（2-D）机器视觉安全解决方案涉及一种执行高完整性，高效率机器视觉的方法和装置。机器视觉安全解决方案数字地过滤可视化区域的可配置数量的时间序列图像以创建过滤图像。纹理背景用作静态目标并在环境光下观察，或者在红外光下观察纹理。可以使用特定图案创建人造纹理。然后将每个新图像与先前创建的模型进行比较，并计算像素取向的差分图像。然后对可归因于入侵者对象的分段特征处理差异图像。对于超过预定阈值的分割结果，设置报警条件。

4. 发明授权

US07251366B1 Fast high-accuracy multi-dimensional pattern inspection 有权
公开(公告)号：US07251366B1
公开(公告)日：2007-07-31
申请号：US10705294
申请日：2003-11-10
申请人： William Silver , Araon Wallack , Adam Wagman
发明人： William Silver , Araon Wallack , Adam Wagman
IPC分类号： G06K9/62
CPC分类号： G06K9/32 , G06K9/6203 , G06T7/75
摘要： A method and apparatus are provided for identifying differences between a stored pattern and a matching image subset, where variations in pattern position, orientation, and size do not give rise to false differences. The invention is also a system for analyzing an object image with respect to a model pattern so as to detect flaws in the object image. The system includes extracting pattern features from the model pattern; generating a vector-valued function using the pattern features to provide a pattern field; extracting image features from the object image; evaluating each image feature, using the pattern field and an n-dimensional transformation that associates image features with pattern features, so as to determine at least one associated feature characteristic; and using at least one feature characteristic to identify at least one flaw in the object image. The invention can find at least two distinct kinds of flaws: missing features, and extra features. The invention provides pattern inspection that is faster and more accurate than any known prior art method by using a stored pattern that represents an ideal example of the object to be found and inspected, and that can be translated, rotated, and scaled to arbitrary precision much faster than digital image re-sampling, and without pixel grid quantization errors. Furthermore, since the invention does not use digital image re-sampling, there are no pixel quantization errors to cause false differences between the pattern and image that can limit inspection performance.

5. 发明申请

US20050276445A1 Method and apparatus for automatic visual detection, recording, and retrieval of events 审中-公开
公开(公告)号：US20050276445A1
公开(公告)日：2005-12-15
申请号：US11059512
申请日：2005-02-16
申请人： William Silver , Brian Phillips
发明人： William Silver , Brian Phillips
IPC分类号： G06K9/00 , G06T7/00 , G06T7/20 , G11B27/10 , G11B27/28 , G11B27/34 , H04N5/765 , H04N5/77 , H04N5/907 , H04N7/18
CPC分类号： G06T7/0008 , G01N2021/8887 , G06T7/20 , G11B27/105 , G11B27/28 , G11B27/34 , H04N5/765 , H04N5/772 , H04N5/907 , H04N7/188
摘要： Disclosed are methods and apparatus for automatic visual detection of events, for recording images of those events and retrieving them for display and human or automated analysis, and for sending synchronized signals to external equipment when events are detected. An event corresponds to a specific condition, among some time-varying conditions within the field of view of an imaging device, that can be detected by visual means based on capturing and analyzing digital images of a two-dimensional field of view in which the event may occur. Events may correspond to rare, short duration mechanical failures for which obtaining images for analysis is desirable. Events are detected by considering evidence obtained from an analysis of multiple images of the field of view, during which time moving mechanical components can be seen from multiple viewing perspectives.

6. 发明授权

US06836567B1 Fast high-accuracy multi-dimensional pattern inspection 有权
标题翻译：快速高精度多维图案检查
公开(公告)号：US06836567B1
公开(公告)日：2004-12-28
申请号：US10705495
申请日：2003-11-10
申请人： William Silver , Aaron Walleck , Adam Wagman
发明人： William Silver , Aaron Walleck , Adam Wagman
IPC分类号： G06K962
CPC分类号： G06K9/32 , G06K9/6203 , G06T7/75
摘要： A method and apparatus are provided for identifying differences between a stored pattern and a matching image subset, where variations in pattern position, orientation, and size do not give rise to false differences. The invention is also a system for analyzing an object image with respect to a model pattern so as to detect flaws in the object image. The system includes extracting pattern features from the model pattern; generating a vector-valued function using the pattern features to provide a pattern field; extracting image features from the object image; evaluating each image feature, using the pattern field and an n-dimensional transformation that associates image features with pattern features, so as to determine at least one associated feature characteristic; and using at least one feature characteristic to identify at least one flaw in the object image. The invention can find at least two distinct kinds of flaws; missing features, and extra features. The invention provides pattern inspection that is faster and more accurate than any known prior art method by using a stored pattern that represents an ideal example of the object to be found and inspected, and that can be translated, rotated, and scaled to arbitrary precision much faster than digital image re-sampling, and without pixel grid quantization errors. Furthermore, since the invention does not use digital image re-sampling, there are no pixel quantization errors to cause false differences between the pattern and image that can limit inspection performance.
摘要翻译：提供了一种用于识别存储的图案和匹配图像子集之间的差异的方法和装置，其中图案位置，取向和尺寸的变化不会引起错误的差异。本发明还是一种用于分析相对于模型图案的对象图像以便检测对象图像中的缺陷的系统。该系统包括从模型模式中提取模式特征; 使用所述模式特征生成向量值函数以提供模式字段; 从对象图像提取图像特征; 使用所述图案字段和将图像特征与图案特征相关联的n维变换来评估每个图像特征，以便确定至少一个相关联的特征特征; 以及使用至少一个特征特征来识别所述对象图像中的至少一个缺陷。本发明可以发现至少两种不同种类的缺陷; 缺少功能和额外功能。本发明通过使用表示待发现和检查的对象的理想示例的存储模式，并且可以被转换，旋转和缩放到任意精度而提供比任何已知的现有技术方法更快更准确的模式检查比数字图像重采样更快，并且没有像素网格量化误差。此外，由于本发明不使用数字图像重新采样，因此不存在像素量化误差，导致图案和图像之间可能限制检查性能的误差。

7. 发明授权

US06812933B1 Method for rendering algebraically defined two-dimensional shapes by computing pixel intensity using an edge model and signed distance to the nearest boundary 失效
标题翻译：通过使用边缘模型计算像素强度并向最接近的边界签名的距离来渲染代数定义的二维形状的方法
公开(公告)号：US06812933B1
公开(公告)日：2004-11-02
申请号：US09699590
申请日：2000-10-30
申请人： William Silver
发明人： William Silver
IPC分类号： G09G500
CPC分类号： G03F9/7092 , G03F9/7076 , G06T7/73
摘要： A method of accurately rendering algebraically defined shapes that can be used to render alignment targets, or for other purposes, is disclosed. The method can render shapes as a bitmap image for machine vision alignment training, for computer display for human observation, and for computer printout for documentation. The method can aid in rendering targets on the objects to be located by providing input to a computer-aided design (CAD) system, or by directly controlling devices such as laser engravers. The rendering method is fast, extremely accurate, and can handle substantially arbitrary shapes. Targets are defined by a real-valued function of position in the real plane that gives the distance from that position to the nearest point on a target boundary. The function gives distance as a positive value for points inside the figure, and as a negative value for points outside the figure. An edge model is used to map distance to real-valued image intensity. By choosing appropriate edge model parameters, edge sharpness, focus, video gain, and noise can be modeled.
摘要翻译：公开了一种准确地呈现可用于呈现对准目标的代数定义形状或用于其他目的的方法。该方法可以将形状呈现为机器视觉对准训练的位图图像，用于人类观察的计算机显示和用于文档的计算机打印输出。该方法可以通过向计算机辅助设计（CAD）系统提供输入，或者通过直接控制诸如激光雕刻机的设备来帮助对待定位的对象进行目标。渲染方法快速，极其准确，可以处理大致任意形状。目标由实际平面中的位置的实值函数定义，给出从该位置到目标边界上最近点的距离。该函数将距离作为图中的点的正值，作为图之外的点的负值。边缘模型用于将距离映射到实像图像强度。通过选择合适的边缘模型参数，可以对边缘锐度，焦点，视频增益和噪声进行建模。

8. 发明授权

US06658145B1 Fast high-accuracy multi-dimensional pattern inspection 有权
标题翻译：快速高精度多维图案检查
公开(公告)号：US06658145B1
公开(公告)日：2003-12-02
申请号：US09746147
申请日：2000-12-22
申请人： William Silver , Aaron S. Wallack , Adam Wagman
发明人： William Silver , Aaron S. Wallack , Adam Wagman
IPC分类号： G06K900
CPC分类号： G06K9/6206 , G06T7/75
摘要： A method and apparatus are provided for identifying differences between a stored pattern and a matching image subset, where variations in pattern position, orientation, and size do not give rise to false differences. The invention is also a system for analyzing an object image with respect to a model pattern so as to detect flaws in the object image. The system includes extracting pattern features from the model pattern; generating a vector-valued function using the pattern features to provide a pattern field; extracting image features from the object image; evaluating each image feature, using the pattern field and an n-dimensional transformation that associates image features with pattern features, so as to determine at least one associated feature characteristic; and using at least one feature characteristic to identify at least one flaw in the object image. The invention can find at least two distinct kinds of flaws: missing features, and extra features. The invention provides pattern inspection that is faster and more accurate than any known prior art method by using a stored pattern that represents an ideal example of the object to be found and inspected, and that can be translated, rotated, and scaled to arbitrary precision much faster than digital image re-sampling, and without pixel grid quantization errors. Furthermore, since the invention does not use digital image re-sampling, there are no pixel quantization errors to cause false differences between the pattern and image that can limit inspection performance.
摘要翻译：提供了一种用于识别存储的图案和匹配图像子集之间的差异的方法和装置，其中图案位置，取向和尺寸的变化不会引起错误的差异。本发明还是一种用于分析相对于模型图案的对象图像以便检测对象图像中的缺陷的系统。该系统包括从模型模式中提取模式特征; 使用所述模式特征生成向量值函数以提供模式字段; 从对象图像提取图像特征; 使用所述图案字段和将图像特征与图案特征相关联的n维变换来评估每个图像特征，以便确定至少一个相关联的特征特征; 以及使用至少一个特征特征来识别所述对象图像中的至少一个缺陷。本发明可以发现至少两种不同种类的缺陷：缺失特征和额外特征。本发明通过使用表示待发现和检查的对象的理想示例的存储模式，并且可以被转换，旋转和缩放到任意精度而提供比任何已知的现有技术方法更快更准确的模式检查比数字图像重采样更快，并且没有像素网格量化误差。此外，由于本发明不使用数字图像重新采样，因此不存在像素量化误差，导致图案和图像之间可能限制检查性能的误差。

9. 发明授权

US4498593A Modular shelf structure 失效
标题翻译：模块化货架结构
公开(公告)号：US4498593A
公开(公告)日：1985-02-12
申请号：US471230
申请日：1983-03-02
申请人： William Silver
发明人： William Silver
IPC分类号： A47F1/08 , A47F7/00
CPC分类号： A47F1/08
摘要： A row divider shelf module for holding and dispensing cigarette packs and for use with a pair of transversely spaced resilient vertical strip panels and a rearwardly spaced rear wall includes an upwardly forwardly inclined base plate, an upwardly rearwardly inclined rear wall and skirt walls depending from the base plate edges and the upper edge of the rear wall. Located on each of the side skirt walls is a rear stop having a rear forwardly outwardly inclined cam face and a parallel front channel-shaped stop, the module being inserted between the strip panels which are spread by the stop cam faces and then return to be embraced between respective front and rear stops. A pad having a pressure sensitive adhesive rear face is located on the module rear face and engages the rear wall.
摘要翻译：用于保持和分配香烟包装并用于与一对横向间隔开的弹性垂直条状面板和后部间隔开的后壁的行隔板架模块包括向上向前倾斜的底板，向上向后倾斜的后壁和裙壁，底板边缘和后壁的上边缘。位于每个侧裙壁上的是具有后向前向外倾斜的凸轮面和平行的前通道形止动件的后挡块，该模块插入在带状面板之间，该挡板被止动凸轮面展开，然后返回到包括在相应的前后挡块之间。具有压敏粘合剂背面的垫位于模块后表面上并与后壁接合。

10. 发明授权

US07400744B2 Stereo door sensor 失效
标题翻译：立体声门传感器
公开(公告)号：US07400744B2
公开(公告)日：2008-07-15
申请号：US10388925
申请日：2003-03-14
申请人： Sanjay Nichani , Dave Schatz , William Silver
发明人： Sanjay Nichani , Dave Schatz , William Silver
IPC分类号： G06K9/00
CPC分类号： G06K9/00771 , E05F15/73 , E05F2015/767 , E05Y2900/132
摘要： A stereo imaging based vision system to monitor the area on the two sides of either a door and control door motion according to the motion of 3D objects in the viewing area. The system calibrated to provide heights above the ground plane for any point in the field of view. Therefore, when any object enters the field of view, it generates interest points called “features”, the heights of which are measured relative to the ground plane. These points are then clustered in 3D space to provide “objects”. These objects are then tracked in multiple frames to provide “trajectories”. Such a system could then control the door motion (open, close, stall) based on the various pieces of information generated about the object.
摘要翻译：基于立体成像的视觉系统，根据观看区域中的3D对象的运动来监视门的两侧的面积和控制门的运动。该系统经过校准，以便在视野中的任何一点提供高于地平面的高度。因此，当任何物体进入视场时，它产生称为“特征”的兴趣点，其高度相对于地平面测量。然后将这些点聚集在3D空间中以提供“对象”。然后将这些对象以多个帧进行跟踪以提供“轨迹”。这样的系统可以基于关于对象生成的各种信息来控制门运动（打开，关闭，停顿）。

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