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1. 发明授权

US07413679B1 Tailoring material composition for optimization of application-specific switchable holograms 有权
标题翻译：裁剪材料组成，用于优化应用专用可切换全息图
公开(公告)号：US07413679B1
公开(公告)日：2008-08-19
申请号：US11647488
申请日：2006-12-29
申请人： Richard L. Sutherland , Lalgudl V. Natarajan , Robert T. Pogue , Christina K. Shepherd , Donna M. Brandelik
发明人： Richard L. Sutherland , Lalgudl V. Natarajan , Robert T. Pogue , Christina K. Shepherd , Donna M. Brandelik
IPC分类号： C09K19/52 , C09K19/38 , C09K19/54 , C09K19/60
CPC分类号： C09K19/54 , C09K19/544 , C09K2019/528 , Y10T428/10
摘要： The process described herein offers the optimizing of performance parameters of holograms, such as reducing scattering effects in a polymer-dispersed liquid crystal optical element. In the process, an interfacial tension agent is added to a polymer-dispersed liquid crystal material. The polymer-dispersed liquid crystal material has a first material selected from the group consisting of a reactive ionic material, an aromatic material, a polypyrrole, and an acrylated or methacrylated acid of the type H2CCH—(CO)O—R—(CO)OH, where R is a linear or branched alkyl chain. The polymer-dispersed liquid crystal material also has at least one type of liquid crystal material, a photoinitiator dye, and a co-initiator. The polymer-dispersed liquid crystal material is subjected to a polymerization. The interfacial tension agent reduces the size of liquid crystal droplets formed within the polymer-dispersed liquid crystal optical element during polymerization.
摘要翻译：本文描述的方法提供了全息图的性能参数的优化，例如降低聚合物分散液晶光学元件中的散射效应。在此过程中，将界面张力剂加入到分散聚合物的液晶材料中。聚合物分散液晶材料具有选自反应性离子材料，芳族材料，聚吡咯和H 2 CCH-型丙烯酸酯化或甲基丙烯酸酯化的酸的第一种材料（ CO）OR-（CO）OH，其中R是直链或支链烷基链。聚合物分散液晶材料还具有至少一种液晶材料，光引发剂染料和共引发剂。聚合物分散液晶材料进行聚合。界面张力剂在聚合过程中减小聚合物分散液晶光学元件内形成的液晶微滴的尺寸。

2. 发明授权

US07018563B1 Tailoring material composition for optimization of application-specific switchable holograms 有权
标题翻译：裁剪材料组成，用于优化应用专用可切换全息图
公开(公告)号：US07018563B1
公开(公告)日：2006-03-28
申请号：US10303927
申请日：2002-11-26
申请人： Richard L. Sutherland , Lalgudi V. Natarajan , Robert T Pogue , Christina K. Shepherd , Donna M. Brandelik
发明人： Richard L. Sutherland , Lalgudi V. Natarajan , Robert T Pogue , Christina K. Shepherd , Donna M. Brandelik
IPC分类号： C09K19/52 , C09K19/38 , G02B5/32
CPC分类号： C09K19/54 , C09K19/544 , C09K2019/528 , Y10T428/10
摘要： The present invention offers control over—and the ability to optimize—the performance parameters of switchable holograms. The present invention offers the ability to tailor the properties of a hologram to a desired application and thus make application-specific holograms. The invention relates to polymer-dispersed liquid crystal materials subject to control and optimization of the performance parameters of switchable holograms. Such variability allows tailoring the properties to application-specific devices. Specifically, the present invention provides an improved polymer-dispersed liquid crystal system that allows variation of: 1) haze, 2) switching voltage, 3) electrical power dissipation, 4) switching stability (voltage creep), 5) switching contrast ratio (range), 6) dynamic stability, and 7) the operating temperature range.
摘要翻译：本发明提供对可切换全息图的性能参数的控制和优化的能力。本发明提供了将全息图的性质定制到所需应用的能力，并由此制成应用专用全息图。本发明涉及经受可控全息图的性能参数控制和优化的聚合物分散液晶材料。这种可变性允许将属性定制到应用程序特定的设备。具体地说，本发明提供了一种改进的聚合物分散液晶体系，其允许变化：1）雾度，2）开关电压，3）电功耗，4）开关稳定性（电压蠕变）; 5）开关对比度（范围），6）动态稳定性，以及7）工作温度范围。

3. 发明授权

US07175780B1 Tailoring material composition for optimization of application-specific switchable holograms 有权
标题翻译：裁剪材料组成，用于优化应用专用可切换全息图
公开(公告)号：US07175780B1
公开(公告)日：2007-02-13
申请号：US11332247
申请日：2006-01-17
申请人： Richard L. Sutherland , Lalgudi V. Natarajan , Robert T. Pogue , Christina K. Shepherd , Donna M. Brandelik
发明人： Richard L. Sutherland , Lalgudi V. Natarajan , Robert T. Pogue , Christina K. Shepherd , Donna M. Brandelik
IPC分类号： C09K19/52 , C09K19/38 , C09K19/54
CPC分类号： C09K19/54 , C09K19/544 , C09K2019/528 , Y10T428/10
摘要： The process described herein offers the optimizing of performance parameters of holograms, such as reducing scattering effects in a polymer-dispersed liquid crystal optical element. In the process, an interfacial tension agent is added to a polymer-dispersed liquid crystal material. The polymer-dispersed liquid crystal material has at least one acrylic acid monomer, at least one type of liquid crystal material, a photoinitiator dye, and a co-initiator. The polymer-dispersed liquid crystal material is subjected to a polymerization. The interfacial tension agent reduces the size of liquid crystal droplets formed within the polymer-dispersed liquid crystal optical element during polymerization.
摘要翻译：本文描述的方法提供了全息图的性能参数的优化，例如降低聚合物分散液晶光学元件中的散射效应。在此过程中，将界面张力剂加入到分散聚合物的液晶材料中。聚合物分散液晶材料具有至少一种丙烯酸单体，至少一种液晶材料，光引发剂染料和共引发剂。聚合物分散液晶材料进行聚合。界面张力剂在聚合过程中减小聚合物分散液晶光学元件内形成的液晶微滴的尺寸。

4. 发明授权

US06730442B1 System and method for replicating volume holograms 有权
公开(公告)号：US06730442B1
公开(公告)日：2004-05-04
申请号：US09577166
申请日：2000-05-24
申请人： Richard L. Sutherland , John Sappington , Donna M. Brandelik , Stephen A. Siwecki , Christina K. Shepherd , Robert T. Pogue
发明人： Richard L. Sutherland , John Sappington , Donna M. Brandelik , Stephen A. Siwecki , Christina K. Shepherd , Robert T. Pogue
IPC分类号： G03H102
CPC分类号： G03H1/0248 , G02F1/13342 , G03H1/181 , G03H1/182 , G03H1/202 , G03H1/28 , G03H2001/0413 , G03H2001/0415 , G03H2001/2231 , G03H2001/2234 , G03H2001/2271 , G03H2001/2615 , G03H2001/264 , G03H2001/266 , G03H2240/52 , G03H2250/33
摘要： The present invention offers increased efficiency and quality in the duplication of a master hologram utilizing an improved method of contact printing. This improved method of contact printing employs a polymer-dispersed liquid crystal (PDLC) recording medium as the duplication blank and/or the master hologram material. The optical qualities of the PDLC material described herein provide an improved method of duplication using single beam contact printing regardless of the material comprising the master hologram. Thus, master holograms originally recorded using highly complex optical geometries (e.g., computer generated holograms) are capable of duplication without the need for multiple beam power/intensity balancing and long recording times. The improved hologram contact printing method described herein works with virtually any type of master hologram, including both reflection and transmission holograms.

5. 发明授权

US07186567B1 Device and method for detection and identification of biological agents 有权
标题翻译：用于检测和鉴定生物制剂的装置和方法
公开(公告)号：US07186567B1
公开(公告)日：2007-03-06
申请号：US11266189
申请日：2005-11-04
申请人： Richard L. Sutherland , Donna M. Brandelik , Christina K. Shepherd
发明人： Richard L. Sutherland , Donna M. Brandelik , Christina K. Shepherd
IPC分类号： G01N33/545
CPC分类号： G01N33/54366 , G01N21/774 , G03H2001/0264 , G03H2250/38
摘要： A method of sensing an environmental agent, comprising obtaining a sample from the environment and transferring the sample into the working fluid for dispensation to a detection module. The sample and working fluid mixture is filtered through a porous polymer Bragg grating. By comparing the refractive index of the grating with the mixture to the refractive index of a grating without the sample, a difference in the refractive index aids in the identification of a hazardous agent in the environment. The sensor also acts as a chemical filter by trapping specific target agents by a highly specific reaction with a conjugate molecule. Recirculation of the working fluid throughout the system provides a sensor that is “always on.”
摘要翻译：一种感测环境试剂的方法，包括从环境中获得样品并将样品转移到工作流体中以分配给检测模块。样品和工作流体混合物通过多孔聚合物布拉格光栅过滤。通过将光栅与混合物的折射率与没有样品的光栅的折射率进行比较，折射率的差异有助于在环境中识别危险剂。该传感器还通过与共轭分子的高度特异性反应捕获特定的靶因子而作为化学过滤器。整个系统中工作流体的再循环提供了一个“永远在”的传感器。

6. 发明授权

US07619739B1 Detection and identification of biological agents using Bragg filters 有权
标题翻译：使用布拉格滤波器检测和识别生物试剂
公开(公告)号：US07619739B1
公开(公告)日：2009-11-17
申请号：US10614188
申请日：2003-07-08
申请人： Richard L. Sutherland , Donna M. Brandelik , Christina K. Shepherd
发明人： Richard L. Sutherland , Donna M. Brandelik , Christina K. Shepherd
IPC分类号： G01N21/59
CPC分类号： G01N33/54366 , G01N21/774 , G03H2001/0264 , G03H2250/38
摘要： A method of sensing an environmental agent, comprising obtaining a sample from the environment and transferring the sample into the working fluid for dispensation to a detection module. The sample and working fluid mixture is filtered through a porous polymer Bragg grating. By comparing the refractive index of the grating with the mixture to the refractive index of a grating without the sample, a difference in the refractive index aids in the identification of a hazardous agent in the environment. The sensor also acts as a chemical filter by trapping specific target agents by a highly specific reaction with a conjugate molecule. Recirculation of the working fluid throughout the system provides a sensor that is “always on.”
摘要翻译：一种感测环境试剂的方法，包括从环境中获得样品并将样品转移到工作流体中以分配给检测模块。样品和工作流体混合物通过多孔聚合物布拉格光栅过滤。通过将光栅与混合物的折射率与没有样品的光栅的折射率进行比较，折射率的差异有助于在环境中识别危险剂。该传感器还通过与共轭分子的高度特异性反应捕获特定的靶因子而作为化学过滤器。整个系统中工作流体的再循环提供了一个“永远在”的传感器。

7. 发明授权

US07198737B2 Electrically switchable polymer-dispersed liquid crystal materials including switchable optical couplers and reconfigurable optical interconnects 有权
标题翻译：包括可切换光耦合器和可重新配置的光互连的电可切换聚合物分散液晶材料
公开(公告)号：US07198737B2
公开(公告)日：2007-04-03
申请号：US11340681
申请日：2006-01-27
申请人： Lalgudi V. Natarajan , Richard L. Sutherland , Vince P. Tondiglia , Timothy J. Bunning , Bob Epling , Donna M. Brandelik
发明人： Lalgudi V. Natarajan , Richard L. Sutherland , Vince P. Tondiglia , Timothy J. Bunning , Bob Epling , Donna M. Brandelik
IPC分类号： F21V9/00 , G02F1/133 , G02B5/18 , G02B6/34
CPC分类号： G03H1/0005 , G02B5/32 , G02B6/2713 , G02B6/2931 , G02B6/29311 , G02B6/29314 , G02B6/29395 , G02F1/13342 , G02F2201/305 , G03H1/02 , G03H1/0248 , G03H2001/026 , G03H2001/0264 , G03H2001/2615 , G03H2260/12 , G03H2260/33 , Y10T428/10
摘要： A new photopolymerizable material allows single-step, fast recording of volume holograms with properties that can be electrically controlled. A method for preparing a switchable grating can comprise the steps of placing a mixture between a first and second slide, wherein the mixture has a photopolymerizable monomer, a second phase material, a photoinitiator dye, and a chain extender or cross-linker. The mixture is exposed to a laser and optical intensity pattern is applied to induce photopolymerization. A method for recording slanted reflection gratings can comprise the steps of placing a sample between a first and second glass prism, the sample comprising a polymerizable monomer, a liquid crystal, a chain-extending monomer, a coinitiator, and a photoinitiator. An incident light is split into two beams, wherein the beams enter the sample from opposite sides. The first and second prism are rotated to adjust the slant of the grating.
摘要翻译：新的可光聚合材料允许单步快速记录体积全息图，其性质可以被电控制。制备可切换光栅的方法可以包括以下步骤：将混合物置于第一和第二载玻片之间，其中混合物具有光聚合单体，第二相材料，光引发剂染料和扩链剂或交联剂。将混合物暴露于激光并施加光强度图案以诱导光聚合。用于记录倾斜反射光栅的方法可以包括将样品放置在第一和第二玻璃棱镜之间的步骤，样品包含可聚合单体，液晶，延伸链的单体，共引发剂和光引发剂。入射光被分成两束，其中光束从相对侧进入样品。旋转第一和第二棱镜以调整光栅的倾斜度。

8. 发明授权

US07420733B1 Electrically switchable polymer-dispersed liquid crystal materials including switchable optical couplers and reconfigurable optical interconnects 有权
标题翻译：包括可切换光耦合器和可重新配置的光互连的电可切换聚合物分散液晶材料
公开(公告)号：US07420733B1
公开(公告)日：2008-09-02
申请号：US11709073
申请日：2007-02-22
申请人： Lalgudi V. Natarajan , Richard L. Sutherland , Vince P. Tondiglia , Timothy J. Bunning , Bob Epling , Donna M. Brandelik
发明人： Lalgudi V. Natarajan , Richard L. Sutherland , Vince P. Tondiglia , Timothy J. Bunning , Bob Epling , Donna M. Brandelik
IPC分类号： G02B5/18 , G02B6/34 , G02F1/133
CPC分类号： G03H1/0005 , G02B5/32 , G02B6/2713 , G02B6/2931 , G02B6/29311 , G02B6/29314 , G02B6/29395 , G02F1/13342 , G02F2201/305 , G03H1/02 , G03H1/0248 , G03H2001/026 , G03H2001/0264 , G03H2001/2615 , G03H2260/12 , G03H2260/33 , Y10T428/10
摘要： A new photopolymerizable material allows single-step, fast recording of volume holograms with properties that can be electrically controlled. Polymer-dispersed liquid crystals (PDLCs) in accordance with the invention preferably comprise a homogeneous mixture of a nematic liquid crystal and a multifunctional pentaacrylate monomer in combination with photoinitiator, coinitiator and cross-linking agent. Optionally, a surfactant such as octancic acid may also be added. The PDLC material is exposed to coherent light to produce an interference pattern inside the material. Photopolymerization of the new PDLC material produces a hologram of clearly separated liquid crystal domains and cured polymer domains.
摘要翻译：新的可光聚合材料允许单步快速记录体积全息图，其性质可以被电控制。根据本发明的聚合物分散液晶（PDLC）优选包含与光引发剂，共引发剂和交联剂组合的向列型液晶和多官能五丙烯酸酯单体的均匀混合物。任选地，还可以加入表面活性剂如辛酸。 PDLC材料暴露于相干光以在材料内产生干涉图案。新的PDLC材料的光聚合产生清晰分离的液晶畴和固化聚合物畴的全息图。

9. 发明授权

US07081215B2 Electrically switchable polymer-dispersed liquid crystal materials including switchable optical couplers and reconfigurable optical interconnects 有权
标题翻译：包括可切换光耦合器和可重新配置的光互连的电可切换聚合物分散液晶材料
公开(公告)号：US07081215B2
公开(公告)日：2006-07-25
申请号：US10916430
申请日：2004-08-12
申请人： Lalgudi V. Natarajan , Richard L. Sutherland , Vince P. Tondiglia , Timothy J. Bunning , Bob Epling , Donna M. Brandelik
发明人： Lalgudi V. Natarajan , Richard L. Sutherland , Vince P. Tondiglia , Timothy J. Bunning , Bob Epling , Donna M. Brandelik
IPC分类号： F21V9/00 , G02B5/32 , G02B6/26 , G02B6/34 , G02F1/361
CPC分类号： G03H1/0005 , G02B5/32 , G02B6/2713 , G02B6/2931 , G02B6/29311 , G02B6/29314 , G02B6/29395 , G02F1/13342 , G02F2201/305 , G03H1/02 , G03H1/0248 , G03H2001/026 , G03H2001/0264 , G03H2001/2615 , G03H2260/12 , G03H2260/33 , Y10T428/10
摘要： A new photopolymerizable material allows single-step, fast recording of volume holograms with properties that can be electrically controlled. Polymer-dispersed liquid crystals (PDLCs) in accordance with the invention preferably comprise a homogeneous mixture of a nematic liquid crystal and a multifunctional pentaacrylate monomer in combination with photoinitiator, coinitiator and cross-linking agent. Optionally, a surfactant such as octancic acid may also be added. The PDLC material is exposed to coherent light to produce an interference pattern inside the material. Photopolymerization of the new PDLC material produces a hologram of clearly separated liquid crystal domains and cured polymer domains. Volume transmission gratings made with the new PDLC material can be electrically switched between nearly 100% diffraction efficiency and nearly 0% diffraction efficiency. By increasing the frequency of the switching voltage, switching voltages in the range of 50 Vrms can be achieved. The optional use of a surfactant allows low switching voltages at lower frequencies than without a surfactant. In an alternative embodiment, a PDLC material in accordance with the invention can be utilized to form reflection gratings, including switchable reflection gratings. In still further embodiments, a PDLC material in accordance with the invention can be used to form switchable subwavelength gratings. By further processing, static transmission, reflection, and subwavelength PDLC materials can be formed. In addition, PDLC materials in accordance with the present invention can be used to form switchable slanted transmission gratings suitable for switchable optical coupling and reconfigurable optical interconnects.
摘要翻译：新的可光聚合材料允许单步快速记录体积全息图，其性质可以被电控制。根据本发明的聚合物分散液晶（PDLC）优选包含与光引发剂，共引发剂和交联剂组合的向列型液晶和多官能五丙烯酸酯单体的均匀混合物。任选地，还可以加入表面活性剂如辛酸。 PDLC材料暴露于相干光以在材料内产生干涉图案。新的PDLC材料的光聚合产生清晰分离的液晶畴和固化聚合物畴的全息图。用新的PDLC材料制成的体积传输光栅可以在近100％的衍射效率和近0％的衍射效率之间电气切换。通过提高开关电压的频率，可以实现在50Vrms范围内的开关电压。表面活性剂的选择性使用允许低于没有表面活性剂的低频率的低开关电压。在替代实施例中，根据本发明的PDLC材料可用于形成包括可切换反射光栅的反射光栅。在另外的实施例中，根据本发明的PDLC材料可用于形成可切换的亚波长光栅。通过进一步处理，可以形成静态透射，反射和亚波长的PDLC材料。此外，根据本发明的PDLC材料可以用于形成适合于可切换光耦合和可重新配置的光互连的可转换的倾斜透射光栅。

10. 发明授权

US06821457B1 Electrically switchable polymer-dispersed liquid crystal materials including switchable optical couplers and reconfigurable optical interconnects 有权
标题翻译：包括可切换光耦合器和可重新配置的光互连的电可切换聚合物分散液晶材料
公开(公告)号：US06821457B1
公开(公告)日：2004-11-23
申请号：US09363169
申请日：1999-07-29
申请人： Lalgudi V. Natarajan , Richard L. Sutherland , Vince P. Tondiglia , Timothy J. Bunning , Bob Epling , Donna M. Brandelik
发明人： Lalgudi V. Natarajan , Richard L. Sutherland , Vince P. Tondiglia , Timothy J. Bunning , Bob Epling , Donna M. Brandelik
IPC分类号： F21V900
CPC分类号： G03H1/0005 , G02B5/32 , G02B6/2713 , G02B6/2931 , G02B6/29311 , G02B6/29314 , G02B6/29395 , G02F1/13342 , G02F2201/305 , G03H1/02 , G03H1/0248 , G03H2001/026 , G03H2001/0264 , G03H2001/2615 , G03H2260/12 , G03H2260/33 , Y10T428/10
摘要： A new photopolymerizable material allows single-step, fast recording of volume holograms with properties that can be electrically controlled. Polymer-dispersed liquid crystals (PDLCs) in accordance with the invention preferably comprise a homogeneous mixture of a nematic liquid crystal and a multifunctional pentaacrylate monomer in combination with photoinitiator, coinitiator and cross-linking agent. Optionally, a surfactant such as octancic acid may also be added. The PDLC material is exposed to coherent light to produce an interference pattern inside the material. Photopolymerization of the new PDLC material produces a hologram of clearly separated liquid crystal domains and cured polymer domains. Volume transmission gratings made with the new PDLC material can be electrically switched between nearly 100% diffraction efficiency and nearly 0% diffraction efficiency. By increasing the frequency of the switching voltage, switching voltages in the range of 50 Vrms can be achieved. The optional use of a surfactant allows low switching voltages at lower frequencies than without a surfactant. In an alternative embodiment, a PDLC material in accordance with the invention can be utilized to form reflection gratings, including switchable reflection gratings. In still further embodiments, a PDLC material in accordance with the invention can be used to form switchable subwavelength gratings. By further processing, static transmission, reflection, and subwavelength PDLC materials can be formed. In addition, PDLC materials in accordance with the present invention can be used to form switchable slanted transmission gratings suitable for switchable optical coupling and reconfigurable optical interconnects.
摘要翻译：新的可光聚合材料允许单步快速记录体积全息图，其性质可以被电控制。根据本发明的聚合物分散液晶（PDLC）优选包含与光引发剂，共引发剂和交联剂组合的向列型液晶和多官能五丙烯酸酯单体的均匀混合物。任选地，还可以加入表面活性剂如辛酸。 PDLC材料暴露于相干光以在材料内产生干涉图案。新的PDLC材料的光聚合产生清晰分离的液晶畴和固化聚合物畴的全息图。用新的PDLC材料制成的体积传输光栅可以在近100％的衍射效率和近0％的衍射效率之间电气切换。通过提高开关电压的频率，可以实现在50Vrms范围内的开关电压。表面活性剂的选择性使用允许低于没有表面活性剂的低频率的低开关电压。在替代实施例中，根据本发明的PDLC材料可用于形成包括可切换反射光栅的反射光栅。在另外的实施例中，根据本发明的PDLC材料可用于形成可切换的亚波长光栅。通过进一步处理，可以形成静态透射，反射和亚波长的PDLC材料。此外，根据本发明的PDLC材料可以用于形成适合于可切换光耦合和可重新配置的光互连的可转换的倾斜透射光栅。

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