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1. 发明授权

US5640095A Circuit arrangement for leakage-resistance testing of a circuit point 失效
标题翻译：电路点漏电检测电路布置
公开(公告)号：US5640095A
公开(公告)日：1997-06-17
申请号：US491202
申请日：1995-06-16
申请人： Ralf Beier , Axel Nathe , Marten Swart , Horst Belau
发明人： Ralf Beier , Axel Nathe , Marten Swart , Horst Belau
IPC分类号： G01R31/26 , G01R19/165 , G01R31/02 , G01R31/28 , G01R27/26
CPC分类号： G01R31/2853 , G01R19/16566 , G01R31/025
摘要： A circuit for testing the leakage resistance of a circuit point. Particularly in the case of circuits where safety is important, a circuit point, particularly an output terminal of an integrated circuit, should be tested for a leakage resistance relative to ground and/or a voltage to provide an early detection of an imminent failure condition. To this end, at least one test current is fed into the circuit point and the voltage at the circuit point is monitored by means of a comparator. When the leakage resistance decreases below a permissible value the voltage at the circuit point decreases, which can be detected by the comparator. For monitoring a leakage resistance relative to both poles two opposite test currents are applied and the comparator is constructed as a window comparator.
摘要翻译：用于测试电路点的漏电阻的电路。特别是在安全性很重要的电路的情况下，应该测试电路点，特别是集成电路的输出端子，以获得相对于地面和/或电压的泄漏电阻，以提供即将发生的故障状况的早期检测。为此，将至少一个测试电流馈送到电路点，并通过比较器监测电路点处的电压。当泄漏电阻降低到允许值以下时，电路点处的电压降低，这可以由比较器检测。为了监测相对于两极的泄漏电阻，应用两个相反的测试电流，并将比较器构造为窗口比较器。

2. 发明授权

US6005792A Circuit arrangement for a memory cell of a D/A converter 失效
标题翻译： D / A转换器的存储单元的电路布置
公开(公告)号：US6005792A
公开(公告)日：1999-12-21
申请号：US988593
申请日：1997-12-11
申请人： Jurgen Kordts , Friedrich Hahn , Peter Rolla , Ralf Beier , Axel Nathe
发明人： Jurgen Kordts , Friedrich Hahn , Peter Rolla , Ralf Beier , Axel Nathe
IPC分类号： H01L27/10 , H03K3/288 , H03K3/2885 , H03M1/66 , H03M1/74 , G11C11/00
CPC分类号： H03K3/2885 , H03K3/288 , H03M1/742
摘要： The binary values of the data word to be converted in a widely used type of D/A converter are supplied to a series of stages in which binarily stepped currents are supplied to a common output or derived therefrom, or are conducted to a second common output. To control the current switch, each stage comprises a flipflop in which the binary value to be converted is stored. Integration processes are often used in the integration of analog circuits by means of which digital circuit components cannot be usefully realized, for example, in the IIL technology. In the flipflop comprising cross-coupled transistors, the emitters are connected to a reference voltage which lies between ground potential and the supply voltage so as to obtain a favorable conversion of the digital signals for triggering the current switch. This renders it possible to connect the collectors of the transistors of the flipflop directly to the bases of the current switch. In addition, the control of the flipflop is simplified thereby, and the delay time is shortened.
摘要翻译：在广泛使用的D / A转换器中要转换的数据字的二进制值被提供给一系列阶段，其中二进制电流被提供给公共输出或从其导出，或者被传导到第二公共输出。为了控制电流开关，每个级包括一个触发器，其中存储要转换的二进制值。集成过程通常用于集成模拟电路，通过该模拟电路不能有效地实现数字电路组件，例如在IIL技术中。在包括交叉耦合晶体管的触发器中，发射极连接到位于接地电位和电源电压之间的参考电压，以便获得用于触发电流开关的数字信号的良好转换。这使得可以将触发器的晶体管的集电极直接连接到电流开关的基极。此外，由此简化了触发器的控制，并且延迟时间缩短。

3. 发明授权

US5764042A Controlled power supply source 失效
标题翻译：受控电源
公开(公告)号：US5764042A
公开(公告)日：1998-06-09
申请号：US818139
申请日：1997-03-13
申请人： Ralf Beier , Axel Nathe , Michael Ramm
发明人： Ralf Beier , Axel Nathe , Michael Ramm
IPC分类号： G05F3/26 , H03F3/45 , G05F3/16
CPC分类号： G05F3/265
摘要： A controlled power supply source is described, which has a parallel control member having a controllable semiconductor component whose load path is arranged between output terminals of the power supply source and whose control input is connected to an output of a control device, the control device having a reference input for supplying a reference voltage. The control device has a control amplifier which is fed from a current bank having at least one constant current source, an actual value input of said control amplifier receiving the voltage between the output terminals of the power supply source, and a nominal value input receiving the reference voltage from the reference input of the control device. An output of the control amplifier constitutes the output of the control device which further has a preliminary current stage which, dependent on the difference between the voltages at the actual value input and at the nominal value input of the control amplifier, applies a preliminary current to this control amplifier, which preliminary current is applied to the control input of the semiconductor component at least partly via the output of the control device. This provides the possibility of controlling high power supply voltages, and when the source is switched on, only a very short period of time is required to reach the linear operating range of the parallel control member.
摘要翻译：描述了一种受控电源，其具有并联控制构件，该并联控制构件具有可控制的半导体组件，其负载路径布置在电源的输出端子之间，并且其控制输入端连接到控制装置的输出端，所述控制装置具有用于提供参考电压的参考输入。控制装置具有控制放大器，该控制放大器从具有至少一个恒定电流源的电流存储体馈送，所述控制放大器的实际值输入端接收电源的输出端之间的电压和接收电源的标称值输入参考电压来自控制装置的参考输入。控制放大器的输出构成控制装置的输出，该输出进一步具有初步电流级，其依赖于实际值输入处的电压与控制放大器的标称值输入之间的差异，将初步电流施加到该控制放大器至少部分地经由控制装置的输出将预备电流施加到半导体部件的控制输入。这提供了控制高电源电压的可能性，并且当源被接通时，仅需要非常短的时间来达到并联控制构件的线性工作范围。

4. 发明授权

US5682094A Current mirror arrangement 失效
标题翻译：电流镜安排
公开(公告)号：US5682094A
公开(公告)日：1997-10-28
申请号：US692146
申请日：1996-08-05
申请人： Ralf Beier , Axel Nathe
发明人： Ralf Beier , Axel Nathe
IPC分类号： H03F3/343 , G05F3/26 , G05F3/20
CPC分类号： G05F3/265
摘要： A current mirror arrangement comprising at least one input transistor of a first conductivity type, whose emitter is connected to a current supply line and whose collector is arranged to carry an input current. At least one output transistor of the first conductivity type has its emitter connected to the current supply line and its base to the base of the input transistor and from whose collector an output current can be taken. A follower transistor of the first conductivity type has its emitter connected to the bases of the input transistor and the output transistor and its base to the collector of the input transistor, and has its collector coupled to a reference potential. In order to ensure a well-defined load of the current supply line in any operating condition, the current mirror arrangement also includes a control transistor of a second conductivity type opposite to the first conductivity type. The control transistor has its collector connected to the collector of the input transistor and its emitter to the reference potential via an emitter current source. The base of the control transistor is arranged to receive a control voltage for controlling the output current. The collector of the follower transistor is coupled to the reference potential via a resistor. A further transistor of the second conductivity type has its emitter connected to the emitter of the control transistor, its base to the collector of the follower transistor, and its collector to the current supply line.
摘要翻译：一种电流镜装置，包括至少一个第一导电类型的输入晶体管，其发射极连接到电流源线，并且其集电极被布置成承载输入电流。第一导电类型的至少一个输出晶体管的发射极连接到电流源线，其基极连接到输入晶体管的基极，并从其集电极连接到输出电流。第一导电类型的跟随器晶体管的发射极连接到输入晶体管和输出晶体管的基极，其基极连接到输入晶体管的集电极，并且其集电极耦合到参考电位。为了确保在任何操作条件下电流供应线的明确定义的负载，电流镜配置还包括与第一导电类型相反的第二导电类型的控制晶体管。控制晶体管的集电极通过发射极电流源连接到输入晶体管的集电极，其发射极连接到参考电位。控制晶体管的基极被布置成接收用于控制输出电流的控制电压。跟随器晶体管的集电极通过电阻耦合到参考电位。第二导电类型的另一个晶体管的发射极连接到控制晶体管的发射极，其基极连接到跟随器晶体管的集电极，并且其集电极连接到电流源线。

5. 发明申请

US20140001865A1 PHOTOVOLTAIC MODULE MONITORING AND CONTROL 有权
标题翻译：光伏模块监控与控制
公开(公告)号：US20140001865A1
公开(公告)日：2014-01-02
申请号：US13537836
申请日：2012-06-29
申请人： Gerhard Osterloh , Ralf Beier , Frank Matschullat
发明人： Gerhard Osterloh , Ralf Beier , Frank Matschullat
IPC分类号： H02J1/00
CPC分类号： H01L31/02021 , H02S50/10 , Y02E10/50 , Y10T307/685
摘要： In one embodiment, an apparatus includes a plurality of photovoltaic units having respective pairs of first and second power terminals connected in series. Each photovoltaic unit in the series includes a bypass switch connected in parallel with the photovoltaic current source of the photovoltaic unit. The bypass switch is configured to provide a bypass of the photovoltaic current source in response to a respective switch control signal. A control circuit determines electrical characteristics of the one or more of the plurality of photovoltaic units by operating the bypass switches of one or more of the photovoltaic units in an open state and operating the bypass switches of the other ones of the photovoltaic units in a closed state. Electrical characteristics exhibited by the series connection of the plurality of photovoltaic units are measured using a detection circuit.
摘要翻译：在一个实施例中，一种装置包括具有相互串联连接的各对第一和第二电力端子的多个光电单元。该系列中的每个光伏单元包括与光电单元的光电流源并联连接的旁路开关。旁路开关被配置为响应于相应的开关控制信号提供光伏电流源的旁路。控制电路通过将处于打开状态的一个或多个光伏单元的旁路开关操作并且将另一个光伏单元的旁路开关操作在闭合状态中来确定多个光伏单元中的一个或多个的电特性州。使用检测电路测量多个光电单元的串联连接所呈现的电气特性。

6. 发明申请

US20110050315A1 POWER SUPPLY AND DC-DC-CONVERSION 有权
标题翻译：电源和DC-DC转换
公开(公告)号：US20110050315A1
公开(公告)日：2011-03-03
申请号：US12858829
申请日：2010-08-18
申请人： Ralf Beier , Gerhard Osterloh , Michael Gattung
发明人： Ralf Beier , Gerhard Osterloh , Michael Gattung
IPC分类号： H03L5/00
CPC分类号： H03K4/502 , H02M3/156
摘要： In an embodiment of a converter, a first oscillator provides switching signals for switching between charging and discharging of a capacitor, and a second oscillator is configured to add an offset voltage or a feedback-current-dependent voltage to a sawtooth waveform generated by the second oscillator switched in synchronism with the first oscillator.
摘要翻译：在转换器的实施例中，第一振荡器提供用于在电容器的充电和放电之间切换的开关信号，并且第二振荡器被配置为将补偿电压或与反馈电流相关的电压加到由第二振荡器与第一个振荡器同步切换。

7. 发明授权

US08294496B2 Sawtooth oscillator 有权
标题翻译：锯齿振荡器
公开(公告)号：US08294496B2
公开(公告)日：2012-10-23
申请号：US13110881
申请日：2011-05-18
申请人： Michael Gattung , Gerhard Osterloh , Ralf Beier
发明人： Michael Gattung , Gerhard Osterloh , Ralf Beier
IPC分类号： H03K4/06
CPC分类号： H03K4/502 , H03K4/06
摘要： A sawtooth generator circuit comprises a first triangular waveform generator with equal ramp up and ramp down rates and a second triangular waveform generator with equal ramp up and ramp down rates and which are equal to the ramp up and ramp down rates of the first triangular waveform generator. The first and second triangular waveform generators are controlled to be 180 degrees out of phase. A switching arrangement alternately switches the increasing or decreasing ramps of the first and second triangular waveform generators to an output of the sawtooth generator circuit.The invention provides a sawtooth generator circuit which is suitable for high frequency applications, with low current consumption and low ground bounce. A very fast falling edge can be obtained.
摘要翻译：锯齿波发生器电路包括具有相等斜升和斜降速率的第一三角波形发生器和具有相等斜升和斜降速率的第二三角波形发生器，其等于第一三角波形发生器的斜升和斜降速率。第一和第二三角波形发生器被控制为相位180度。开关装置将第一和第二三角波形发生器的增加或减小的斜坡交替地切换到锯齿波发生器电路的输出。本发明提供一种适用于高频应用的锯齿波发生器电路，具有低电流消耗和低地面反弹。可以获得非常快的下降沿。

8. 发明申请

US20110285428A1 SAWTOOTH OSCILLATOR 有权
标题翻译： SAWTOOTH振荡器
公开(公告)号：US20110285428A1
公开(公告)日：2011-11-24
申请号：US13110881
申请日：2011-05-18
申请人： Michael Gattung , Gerhard Osterloh , Ralf Beier
发明人： Michael Gattung , Gerhard Osterloh , Ralf Beier
IPC分类号： H03K4/06
CPC分类号： H03K4/502 , H03K4/06
摘要： A sawtooth generator circuit comprises a first triangular waveform generator with equal ramp up and ramp down rates and a second triangular waveform generator with equal ramp up and ramp down rates and which are equal to the ramp up and ramp down rates of the first triangular waveform generator. The first and second triangular waveform generators are controlled to be 180 degrees out of phase. A switching arrangement alternately switches the increasing or decreasing ramps of the first and second triangular waveform generators to an output of the sawtooth generator circuit.The invention provides a sawtooth generator circuit which is suitable for high frequency applications, with low current consumption and low ground bounce. A very fast falling edge can be obtained.
摘要翻译：锯齿波发生器电路包括具有相等斜升和斜降速率的第一三角波形发生器和具有相等斜升和斜降速率的第二三角波形发生器，其等于第一三角波形发生器的斜升和斜降速率。第一和第二三角波形发生器被控制为相位180度。开关装置将第一和第二三角波形发生器的增加或减小的斜坡交替地切换到锯齿波发生器电路的输出。本发明提供一种适用于高频应用的锯齿波发生器电路，具有低电流消耗和低地面反弹。可以获得非常快的下降沿。

9. 发明授权

US09269834B2 Photovoltaic module monitoring and control 有权
标题翻译：光伏组件监控
公开(公告)号：US09269834B2
公开(公告)日：2016-02-23
申请号：US13537836
申请日：2012-06-29
申请人： Gerhard Osterloh , Ralf Beier , Frank Matschullat
发明人： Gerhard Osterloh , Ralf Beier , Frank Matschullat
IPC分类号： H02J1/00 , H02J3/00 , H01L31/02 , H02S50/10
CPC分类号： H01L31/02021 , H02S50/10 , Y02E10/50 , Y10T307/685
摘要： In one embodiment, an apparatus includes a plurality of photovoltaic units having respective pairs of first and second power terminals connected in series. Each photovoltaic unit in the series includes a bypass switch connected in parallel with the photovoltaic current source of the photovoltaic unit. The bypass switch is configured to provide a bypass of the photovoltaic current source in response to a respective switch control signal. A control circuit determines electrical characteristics of the one or more of the plurality of photovoltaic units by operating the bypass switches of one or more of the photovoltaic units in an open state and operating the bypass switches of the other ones of the photovoltaic units in a closed state. Electrical characteristics exhibited by the series connection of the plurality of photovoltaic units are measured using a detection circuit.
摘要翻译：在一个实施例中，一种装置包括具有相互串联连接的各对第一和第二电力端子的多个光电单元。该系列中的每个光伏单元包括与光电单元的光电流源并联连接的旁路开关。旁路开关被配置为响应于相应的开关控制信号提供光伏电流源的旁路。控制电路通过将处于打开状态的一个或多个光伏单元的旁路开关操作并且将另一个光伏单元的旁路开关操作在闭合状态中来确定多个光伏单元中的一个或多个的电特性州。使用检测电路测量多个光电单元的串联连接所呈现的电气特性。

10. 发明授权

US08686801B2 Power supply and DC-DC-conversion 有权
标题翻译：电源和DC-DC转换
公开(公告)号：US08686801B2
公开(公告)日：2014-04-01
申请号：US12858829
申请日：2010-08-18
申请人： Ralf Beier , Gerhard Osterloh , Michael Gattung
发明人： Ralf Beier , Gerhard Osterloh , Michael Gattung
IPC分类号： H03K3/26
CPC分类号： H03K4/502 , H02M3/156
摘要： In an embodiment of a converter, a first oscillator provides switching signals for switching between charging and discharging of a capacitor, and a second oscillator is configured to add an offset voltage or a feedback-current-dependent voltage to a sawtooth waveform generated by the second oscillator switched in synchronism with the first oscillator.
摘要翻译：在转换器的实施例中，第一振荡器提供用于在电容器的充电和放电之间切换的开关信号，并且第二振荡器被配置为将补偿电压或与反馈电流相关的电压加到由第二振荡器与第一个振荡器同步切换。

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