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1. 发明授权

US08140806B2 Eliminating fragmentation with buddy-tree allocation 有权
标题翻译：消除分组与伙伴树分配
公开(公告)号：US08140806B2
公开(公告)日：2012-03-20
申请号：US11694445
申请日：2007-03-30
申请人： Radek Vingralek , William H. Bridge, Jr. , Prasad Bagal
发明人： Radek Vingralek , William H. Bridge, Jr. , Prasad Bagal
IPC分类号： G06F12/00
CPC分类号： G06F12/023 , G06F3/061 , G06F3/064 , G06F3/0674
摘要： This disclosure describes solutions for reducing the amount of fragmentation on a computer memory device, such as a hard disk, random access memory device, and/or the like. In an aspect, this disclosure describes systems, methods and software for allocating storage space for variable-sized data chunks in a fashion that reduces or eliminates the need for periodic de-fragmentation of the memory device. In another aspect, this disclosure describes solutions that provide for the dynamic re-allocation of existing data blocks on the memory device to provide contiguous available space that can be allocated for new data blocks.
摘要翻译：本公开描述了用于减少计算机存储设备（例如硬盘，随机存取存储器设备等）上的碎片量的解决方案。在一方面，本公开描述了用于以减少或消除对存储器件的周期性解片的需要的方式为可变大小的数据块分配存储空间的系统，方法和软件。在另一方面，本公开描述了提供对存储器设备上的现有数据块的动态重新分配以提供可被分配给新数据块的连续可用空间的解决方案。

2. 发明授权

US07181476B2 Flashback database 有权
公开(公告)号：US07181476B2
公开(公告)日：2007-02-20
申请号：US10427511
申请日：2003-04-30
申请人： J. William Lee , Juan Loaiza , Michael J. Stewart , Wei-Ming Hu , William H. Bridge, Jr.
发明人： J. William Lee , Juan Loaiza , Michael J. Stewart , Wei-Ming Hu , William H. Bridge, Jr.
IPC分类号： G06F17/30
CPC分类号： G06F11/1471 , G06F11/1446 , G06F2201/80 , Y10S707/99931 , Y10S707/99953 , Y10S707/99954
摘要： Techniques are described herein for returning a repository to a prior state. The repository may be, for example a database, and the prior state may be, for example the consistent state that the database had at a particular point in time in the past. When a operator-caused error has been introduced to the database by changes made by an already-committed transaction, the techniques described herein may be used to recover from the error by returning the database to a point in time prior to the commit time of the transaction that introduced the error. The techniques involve the generation of “physical undo” information, and the use of the physical undo information in conjunction with physiological undo and physiological redo to efficiently return a repository to the prior state.

3. 发明授权

US5890167A Pluggable tablespaces for database systems 失效
标题翻译：数据库系统的可插拔表空间
公开(公告)号：US5890167A
公开(公告)日：1999-03-30
申请号：US852968
申请日：1997-05-08
申请人： William H. Bridge, Jr. , Jonathan D. Klein , J. William Lee , Juan R. Loaiza , Alex Tsukerman , GianFranco Putzolu
发明人： William H. Bridge, Jr. , Jonathan D. Klein , J. William Lee , Juan R. Loaiza , Alex Tsukerman , GianFranco Putzolu
IPC分类号： G06F17/30
CPC分类号： G06F17/30339 , Y10S707/99942 , Y10S707/99953 , Y10S707/99955
摘要： A pluggable tablespace is enabled by logically partitioning a database into a set of tablespaces and storing all of the tablespaces disk pointers in tablespace-relative format. A pluggable set of tablespaces is unplugged by exporting the associated metadata, and making a binary copy of the tablespaces. The pluggable set of tablespaces is plugged into a target database by making the pluggable set accessible to the target database and importing the associated metadata, without patching any of the disk pointers.
摘要翻译：通过将数据库逻辑分区为一组表空间并以表空间相对格式存储所有表空间磁盘指针来启用可插入表空间。通过导出相关联的元数据并创建表空间的二进制副本，可以插拔一组表空间。可插拔的表空间集合通过使可插入集合可访问目标数据库并导入相关联的元数据而插入到目标数据库中，而无需修补任何磁盘指针。

4. 发明授权

US07640275B2 Method and system for controlling recovery downtime 有权
标题翻译：控制恢复停机时间的方法和系统
公开(公告)号：US07640275B2
公开(公告)日：2009-12-29
申请号：US10750806
申请日：2004-01-02
申请人： William H. Bridge, Jr. , Boris Klots , Juan R. Loaiza , Ashok Joshi
发明人： William H. Bridge, Jr. , Boris Klots , Juan R. Loaiza , Ashok Joshi
IPC分类号： G06F12/10 , G06F17/30
CPC分类号： G06F11/1461 , G06F11/1471 , G06F2201/80 , Y10S707/99938 , Y10S707/99953
摘要： A method and system for reducing overhead associated with recovering after a failure. According to the method, a checkpoint value is maintained that indicates which records of a plurality of records have to be processed after the failure. The plurality of records contain change information that corresponds to a plurality of data blocks. A target checkpoint value is determined based on a desired number of data block reads that will be required during a redo phase of recovery. Changes contained in volatile memory are then written to nonvolatile memory to advance the checkpoint value to at least the target checkpoint value.
摘要翻译：一种降低与故障恢复相关的开销的方法和系统。根据该方法，维护检查点值，其指示在故障之后必须处理多个记录的哪些记录。多个记录包含对应于多个数据块的改变信息。基于在恢复的重做阶段将需要的数据块读取的期望数目来确定目标检查点值。随后将易失性存储器中的变更写入非易失性存储器，将检查点值提升至至少目标检查点值。

5. 发明授权

US06678704B1 Method and system for controlling recovery downtime by maintaining a checkpoint value 有权
标题翻译：通过维护检查点值来控制恢复停机的方法和系统
公开(公告)号：US06678704B1
公开(公告)日：2004-01-13
申请号：US09843388
申请日：2001-04-25
申请人： William H. Bridge, Jr. , Boris Klots , Juan R. Loaiza , Ashok Joshi
发明人： William H. Bridge, Jr. , Boris Klots , Juan R. Loaiza , Ashok Joshi
IPC分类号： G06F1730
CPC分类号： G06F11/1461 , G06F11/1471 , G06F2201/80 , Y10S707/99938 , Y10S707/99953
摘要： A method and system for reducing overhead associated with recovering after a failure. According to the method, a checkpoint value is maintained that indicates which records of a plurality of records have to be processed after the failure. The plurality of records contain change information that corresponds to a plurality of data blocks. A target checkpoint value is determined based on a desired number of data block reads that will be required during a redo phase of recovery. Changes contained in volatile memory are then written to nonvolatile memory to advance the checkpoint value to at least the target checkpoint value.
摘要翻译：一种降低与故障恢复相关的开销的方法和系统。根据该方法，维护检查点值，其指示在故障之后必须处理多个记录的哪些记录。多个记录包含对应于多个数据块的改变信息。基于在恢复的重做阶段将需要的数据块读取的期望数目来确定目标检查点值。随后将易失性存储器中的变更写入非易失性存储器，将检查点值提升至至少目标检查点值。

6. 发明授权

US06470423B1 Managing partitioned cache 有权
标题翻译：管理分区缓存
公开(公告)号：US06470423B1
公开(公告)日：2002-10-22
申请号：US10032243
申请日：2001-12-21
申请人： Alexander C. Ho , Ashok Joshi , Gianfranco Putzolu , Juan R. Loaiza , Graham Wood , William H. Bridge, Jr.
发明人： Alexander C. Ho , Ashok Joshi , Gianfranco Putzolu , Juan R. Loaiza , Graham Wood , William H. Bridge, Jr.
IPC分类号： G06F1200
CPC分类号： G06F12/121 , G06F12/0866
摘要： Described herein are approaches for partitioning a buffer cache for dynamically selecting buffers in the buffer cache to store data items, such as data blocks in a DBMS. The selection is based on data access and/or usage patterns. A buffer cache includes multiple buffer pools. A buffer pool is selected from among the multiple buffer pools to store a data item. The selection of a buffer pool is based on various factors, including the likelihood that storing the data item will produce future cache hits, and properties of buffer pools that vary between the buffer pools. Properties of a buffer pool include not only how the buffer pools are organized, both logically and physically, but also how the buffer pool is managed. Examples of a buffer pool property include buffer pool size, size of a buffer in the buffer pool, and the replacement strategy used for a buffer pool (e.g. LRU).
摘要翻译：这里描述了用于分割缓冲器高速缓存用于动态选择缓冲器高速缓存中的缓冲器以存储数据项（诸如DBMS中的数据块）的方法。该选择是基于数据访问和/或使用模式。缓冲区缓存包括多个缓冲池。从多个缓冲池中选择缓冲池以存储数据项。缓冲池的选择基于各种因素，包括存储数据项的可能性将产生未来的缓存命中，以及在缓冲池之间变化的缓冲池的属性。缓冲池的属性不仅包括缓冲池在逻辑和物理上的组织方式，还包括缓冲池的管理方式。缓冲池属性的示例包括缓冲池大小，缓冲池中缓冲区的大小以及用于缓冲池（例如LRU）的替换策略。

7. 发明授权

US06370619B1 Managing partitioned cache 失效
标题翻译：管理分区缓存
公开(公告)号：US06370619B1
公开(公告)日：2002-04-09
申请号：US09102735
申请日：1998-06-22
申请人： Alexander C. Ho , Ashok Joshi , Gianfranco Putzolu , Juan R. Loaiza , Graham Wood , William H. Bridge, Jr.
发明人： Alexander C. Ho , Ashok Joshi , Gianfranco Putzolu , Juan R. Loaiza , Graham Wood , William H. Bridge, Jr.
IPC分类号： G06F1200
CPC分类号： G06F12/121 , G06F12/0866
摘要： The present invention provides a method and apparatus for partitioning a buffer cache for dynamically mapping data blocks with a particular replacement strategy based on the associated table's access and/or usage patterns. According to the method, a buffer cache in a computer system is managed by dividing the buffer cache into multiple buffer pools. In managing the buffer cache, when a data item is requested, it is first determined whether the requested data item is stored in a buffer within the buffer cache. If the requested data item is not stored in a buffer in the buffer cache, then a particular buffer pool in the buffer cache is dynamically selected for storing the requested data item. Once the particular buffer pool is selected, the requested data item is stored into a buffer in the particular buffer pool.
摘要翻译：本发明提供了一种用于分割缓冲器高速缓存的方法和装置，用于基于相关联的表的访问和/或使用模式，用特定替换策略动态地映射数据块。根据该方法，通过将缓冲器高速缓存分成多个缓冲池来管理计算机系统中的缓冲区高速缓存。在管理缓冲区高速缓存时，当请求数据项时，首先确定所请求的数据项是否存储在缓冲区高速缓存中的缓冲区中。如果请求的数据项没有存储在缓冲区缓冲区中的缓冲区中，则动态地选择缓冲区高速缓存中的特定缓冲池来存储所请求的数据项。一旦选择了特定的缓冲池，请求的数据项被存储在特定缓冲池中的缓冲区中。

8. 发明授权

US07631018B2 Flashback database 有权
标题翻译：闪回数据库
公开(公告)号：US07631018B2
公开(公告)日：2009-12-08
申请号：US11652782
申请日：2007-01-11
申请人： J. William Lee , Juan Loaiza , Michael J. Stewart , Wei-Ming Hu , William H. Bridge, Jr.
发明人： J. William Lee , Juan Loaiza , Michael J. Stewart , Wei-Ming Hu , William H. Bridge, Jr.
IPC分类号： G06F17/30 , G06F15/16
CPC分类号： G06F11/1471 , G06F11/1446 , G06F2201/80 , Y10S707/99931 , Y10S707/99953 , Y10S707/99954
摘要： Techniques are described herein for returning a repository to a prior state. The repository may be, for example a database, and the prior state may be, for example the consistent state that the database had at a particular point in time in the past. When a operator-caused error has been introduced to the database by changes made by an already-committed transaction, the techniques described herein may be used to recover from the error by returning the database to a point in time prior to the commit time of the transaction that introduced the error. The techniques involve the generation of “physical undo” information, and the use of the physical undo information in conjunction with physiological undo and physiological redo to efficiently return a repository to the prior state.
摘要翻译：这里描述了将存储库返回到先前状态的技术。存储库可以是例如数据库，并且先前状态可以是例如数据库在过去的特定时间点具有的一致状态。当通过已经提交的事务所做的改变将由操作者导致的错误引入到数据库时，本文描述的技术可以用于通过将数据库返回到在提交时间之前的时间点从错误中恢复事务引入了错误。这些技术包括生成“物理撤销”信息，以及使用物理撤消信息结合生理撤消和生理重做，以有效地将存储库返回到先前状态。

9. 发明授权

US07395369B2 Distributing data across multiple storage devices 有权
标题翻译：在多个存储设备上分发数据
公开(公告)号：US07395369B2
公开(公告)日：2008-07-01
申请号：US10848845
申请日：2004-05-18
申请人： Thomas V. Sepez , William H. Bridge, Jr.
发明人： Thomas V. Sepez , William H. Bridge, Jr.
IPC分类号： G06F12/00
CPC分类号： G06F3/0658 , G06F3/0608 , G06F3/061 , G06F3/067
摘要： Pieces of data are stored among storage devices based on a cycle value, which is computed for each storage device as the total capacity of all storage devices divided by the individual capacity of the storage device. Next, a storage device for a current piece of data is selected to be the storage device with the smallest key value; followed by determination of a new key value based on at least (a) the cycle value and (b) a sequence number of the current piece. After allocation, if the number of storage devices changes, reallocation is done similarly except that selection is first from a preferred set and only if the preferred set is empty then from a remainder set. Storage devices are placed in the preferred set if a piece of data would be outside a shadow (based on cycle value) of another piece pre-existing in the storage device.
摘要翻译：基于对于每个存储设备计算的周期值，存储数据的数据作为所有存储设备的总容量除以存储设备的个别容量。接下来，将用于当前数据的存储装置选择为具有最小键值的存储装置; 然后基于至少（a）周期值和（b）当前片段的序列号来确定新的键值。分配后，如果存储设备的数量发生变化，则重新分配的操作类似，除了先选择首选集，只有首选集为空，然后再从剩余集中移除。如果一条数据将在存储设备中预先存在的另一个部件的阴影（基于周期值）之外，则将存储设备放置在首选组中。

10. 发明授权

US06633891B1 Managing replacement of data in a cache on a node based on caches of other nodes 有权
标题翻译：基于其他节点的缓存管理节点上的缓存中的数据替换
公开(公告)号：US06633891B1
公开(公告)日：2003-10-14
申请号：US09652384
申请日：2000-08-31
申请人： Roger Bamford , William H. Bridge, Jr. , David Brower , Neil MacNaughton , Angelo Pruscino , Tak Fung Wang
发明人： Roger Bamford , William H. Bridge, Jr. , David Brower , Neil MacNaughton , Angelo Pruscino , Tak Fung Wang
IPC分类号： G06F1730
CPC分类号： G06F12/121 , G06F12/0813 , Y10S707/99954
摘要： A mechanism is described for managing the caches on nodes in a cluster. The caches are globally managed so that a data item may be retained in any cache on the nodes. This may be accomplished by, for example, a replacement policy for replacing data items stored in the buffers of the caches, where a buffer is selected for replacement in a manner that accounts for factors that include the state of the caches of other nodes. Some cached data items are designated as globally shared, and assigned (either statically or dynamically) a primary cache. For example, if a buffer holds a copy of a data item whose primary cache is another node, then the data item in the buffer is favored for replacement over a local data item or a global data item for which this is the primary cache. According to another aspect of the invention, the cache retention value of buffers on different nodes are compared, and the buffer with the lowest cache retention value is selected for replacement. According to yet another aspect of the present invention, the replacement policy accounts for the configuration of other caches in the cluster.
摘要翻译：描述了一种用于管理群集中节点上的高速缓存的机制。高速缓存被全局管理，使数据项可以保留在节点上的任何高速缓存中。这可以通过例如用于替换存储在高速缓存的缓冲器中的数据项的替换策略来实现，其中以考虑到包括其他节点的高速缓存的状态的因素的方式选择用于替换的缓冲器。一些缓存的数据项被指定为全局共享，并被分配（静态地或动态地）主缓存。例如，如果缓冲器保存其主缓存是另一个节点的数据项的副本，则缓冲器中的数据项有利于替换本地数据项或作为主缓存的全局数据项。根据本发明的另一方面，比较不同节点上的缓冲器的缓存保留值，并选择具有最低缓存保留值的缓冲器进行替换。根据本发明的另一方面，替换策略考虑了集群中其他高速缓存的配置。

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