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    • 4. 发明申请
    • Method and apparatus for determining whether or not a reference pattern is present in a received and possibly watermarked signal
    • 用于确定参考图案是否存在于接收和可能加水印的信号中的方法和装置
    • US20090187765A1
    • 2009-07-23
    • US12321071
    • 2009-01-15
    • Peter Georg BaumMichael ArnoldUlrich GriesWalter Voessing
    • Peter Georg BaumMichael ArnoldUlrich GriesWalter Voessing
    • H04L9/00
    • G10L19/018G06T1/0078G06T2201/0065H04N1/32154
    • Many watermarking systems make use of correlation for calculating a detection metric, which means that several reference patterns are generated at encoder side and one or more of them are embedded inside the content signal, dependent on the message to be embedded. To decode the embedded message, it is necessary to discover which reference pattern was embedded at encoder side. This is determined by correlating the known reference patterns with the content signal. A watermark detector decides, depending on the size of the correlation result values, whether or not a given pseudo-random sequence was embedded. However, this does not provide correct decisions if watermarked audio is emitted by a loudspeaker and then captured with a microphone. According to the invention, it is taken advantage of the received signal echoes instead of treating them as noise. The watermark detection result is improved by integrating the correlation values resulting from echoes into the main correlation peak, thereby using correlation result amplitude values located within a predetermined neighborhood of a correlation result peak amplitude value and exceeding a predetermined threshold.
    • 许多水印系统利用相关性来计算检测度量,这意味着在编码器侧产生几个参考图案,并且其中一个或多个嵌入在内容信号内,这取决于待嵌入的消息。 要解码嵌入的消息,有必要发现在编码器侧嵌入了哪个参考模式。 这通过将已知的参考图案与内容信号相关联来确定。 水印检测器根据相关结果值的大小来决定是否嵌入给定的伪随机序列。 然而,如果由扬声器发出水印音频,然后用麦克风捕获,则这不能提供正确的决定。 根据本发明,利用接收的信号回波而不是将它们视为噪声。 通过将由回波产生的相关值积分到主相关峰中来提高水印检测结果,从而使用位于相关结果峰值振幅值的预定邻域内并超过预定阈值的相关结果幅度值。
    • 6. 发明申请
    • Method and apparatus for determining and using the sampling frequency for decoding watermark information embedded in a received signal sampled with an original sampling frequency at encoder side
    • 用于确定和使用采样频率来解码嵌入在编码器侧以原始采样频率采样的接收信号中的水印信息的方法和装置
    • US20090193255A1
    • 2009-07-30
    • US12319302
    • 2009-01-06
    • Peter Georg BaumWalter VoessingUlrich Gries
    • Peter Georg BaumWalter VoessingUlrich Gries
    • H04L9/32G06N5/02
    • H04L9/32G06T1/005G06T2201/0052G06T2201/0065G10L19/018G11B20/00884H03M1/0617H04L9/3247H04N7/167H04N21/4394H04N21/8358
    • Many watermarking systems make use of correlation for calculating a detection metric, which means that reference patterns are generated at encoder side and are embedded inside the audio or video signal, dependent on the message to be embedded. The same reference patterns are generated at decoder side. The embedded message is decoded by correlating the reference patterns with the watermarked signal. The watermark detector decides, depending on the size of the correlation result values, whether or not a given reference pattern was embedded. However, decoding watermarked audio or video signals is difficult if the link between the watermark encoder and the watermark decoder is not a digital one, for example an acoustic path. According to the invention, a re-sampler control unit controls the sampling frequency of a re-sampler, in connection with a watermark decoder that outputs, in addition to the watermark information bits, a corresponding confidence value that is derived from the correlation result and that is used for synchronizing the re-sampler sampling frequency with the original sampling frequency of the watermarked signal. The synchronization processing includes a search mode and a synchronized mode.
    • 许多水印系统利用相关性来计算检测度量,这意味着参考图案在编码器侧生成,并且嵌入在音频或视频信号内,取决于要嵌入的消息。 在解码器侧产生相同的参考模式。 通过将参考图案与水印信号相关联来解码嵌入的消息。 水印检测器根据相关结果值的大小决定是否嵌入给定的参考图案。 然而,如果水印编码器和水印解码器之间的链接不是数字水印解码器,例如声学路径,则解码加密的音频或视频信号是困难的。 根据本发明,重新取样器控制单元结合除了水印信息比特以外的相关置信度值从水平信息比特输出的水印解码器,控制重采样器的采样频率, 用于使重采样器采样频率与水印信号的原始采样频率同步。 同步处理包括搜索模式和同步模式。
    • 9. 发明授权
    • Decoding watermark information items of a watermarked audio or video signal using correlation
    • 使用相关性解码加水印的音频或视频信号的水印信息项
    • US08041073B2
    • 2011-10-18
    • US12086575
    • 2006-12-01
    • Peter Georg BaumWalter Voessing
    • Peter Georg BaumWalter Voessing
    • G06K9/00H04L9/32
    • G06T1/0071G06T1/005G06T2201/0052G06T2201/0065
    • Watermark information consists of several data symbols which are embedded continuously in an audio or a video signal using modulation with a pseudo-random sequence if spread spectrum technology is used. At decoder site the watermark information is regained using correlation of the received signal with a candidate pseudo-random sequence. Such correlation can be performed by one-dimensional real-symmetric fast Fourier transform of the two input signal vectors, which each consist of a section of N values of the input signal, to which section N−1 zeroes are attached, by multiplying one of the transformed vectors by the conjugated version of the other transformed vector, followed by inverse RFFT transform of that frequency domain product vector. However, if the level of a spread-spectrum watermark is too low or if too much noise had been added during the transmission of the audio or video signals, the correlation does not show a clear peak, which means that the watermark information bits cannot be recovered. According to the invention, the correlation result is improved by setting to zero in the frequency domain frequency bins of the vector which do not have a positive impact on the correlation peak at location zero, i.e. which frequency bins do not contribute to that peak. Thereby the noise level in the correlation or matched filter output is reduced and the watermark information items can be recovered or decoded correctly from the received watermarked audio or video signal.
    • 如果使用扩展频谱技术,水印信息由若干数据符号组成,这些数据符号连续地嵌入音频或视频信号中,使用具有伪随机序列的调制。 在解码器站点,使用接收信号与候选伪随机序列的相关来重新获得水印信息。 这样的相关可以通过两个输入信号向量的一维实对称快速傅里叶变换来执行,每个输入信号矢量各自由输入信号的N个值的一部分组成,其中N-1个零被附加到,通过将 通过其他转化载体的共轭形式的变换向量,随后对该频域乘积向量进行逆RFFT变换。 然而,如果扩频水印的水平太低或在传输音频或视频信号时噪声过大,则相关性不会显示清晰的峰值,这意味着水印信息位不能 恢复。 根据本发明,通过在对位置零上的相关峰值没有积极影响的矢量的频域频率仓中设定为零,即哪个频率频带对该峰值没有贡献,相关结果得到改善。 从而降低了相关或匹配滤波器输出中的噪声电平,并且可以从接收到的带有水印的音频或视频信号中正确地恢复或解码水印信息项。
    • 10. 发明授权
    • Blind watermarking of audio signals by using phase modifications
    • 通过相位修改对音频信号进行盲加水印
    • US08081757B2
    • 2011-12-20
    • US11992039
    • 2006-09-04
    • Walter VoessingPeter Georg Baum
    • Walter VoessingPeter Georg Baum
    • H04L9/00H04B1/69
    • G10L19/018
    • Watermarking of audio signals intends to manipulate the audio signal in a way that the changes in the audio content cannot be recognised by the human auditory system. In order to reduce the audibility of the watermark and to improve the robustness of the watermarking the invention uses phase modification of the audio signal. In the frequency domain, the phase of the audio signal is manipulated by the phase of a reference phase sequence, followed by transform into time domain. Because a change of the audio signal phase over the whole frequency range can be audible, the phase manipulation is carried out with a maximum amount only within one or more small frequency ranges which are located in the higher frequencies and/or in noisy audio signal sections, according to psycho-acoustic principles. Preferably, the allowable amplitude of the phase changes in the remaining frequency ranges is controlled according to psycho-acoustic principles. The watermark is decoded from the watermarked audio signal by correlating it with corresponding inversely transformed candidate reference phase sequences.
    • 音频信号的水印功能旨在以音频内容的变化不能被人类听觉系统识别的方式操纵音频信号。 为了降低水印的可听性并提高水印的鲁棒性,本发明使用音频信号的相位修改。 在频域中,音频信号的相位由参考相位序列的相位来操纵,随后变换成时域。 因为整个频率范围内的音频信号相位的改变可以是可听见的,所以相位操作仅在位于较高频率和/或噪声音频信号部分的一个或多个小的频率范围内以最大量进行 ,根据心理原理。 优选地,根据心理声学原理来控制剩余频率范围内相位变化的允许振幅。 通过将水印与相应的逆变换候选参考相序相关联,从加水印的音频信号中解码水印。