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1. 发明授权

US06252980B1 Additional dynamic fluid level and bubble inspection for quality and process control 失效
标题翻译：额外的动态液位和气泡检查质量和过程控制
公开(公告)号：US06252980B1
公开(公告)日：2001-06-26
申请号：US08301812
申请日：1994-09-07
申请人： Nira Schwartz , Arie Shahar , Richard Woods
发明人： Nira Schwartz , Arie Shahar , Richard Woods
IPC分类号： G06K900
CPC分类号： G01N21/9027 , B67D1/1247 , G01F23/292 , G01N9/24 , G01N33/146 , G01N35/025 , G06T7/44 , G06T2207/30108
摘要： Fast image acquisition and image process control are used to advantage to measure dynamic and transient phenomena. This technique distinguishes fluid from bubbles by taking an image of a container containing fluid and modifying the gray levels of the image. Unmodified image processing can be performed without the disadvantage of large time consumption. The technique is used for detecting fluid levels and bubbles, by counting image pixels dedicated to bubbles or to fluid along vertical or horizontal lines within the image. The rate of change of liquid level and the amount of bubbles with time indicate leakage in containers while they are in a dynamic state. The inspection of transient phenomena during a dynamic state gives an indication of the final quality and quantity of a product inside a container. It also provides feedback for the determination of fill nozzle operation, with the advantage of easy calibration and adjustment for the right amount of bubbles within the container. It also provides an indication of mechanical or thermal failures and feedback to indicate any unit which deviates from preset parameters. The system is highly beneficial in the beer and soft drink industry where the taste of the product is highly influenced by the amount of bubbles within the container.
摘要翻译：快速图像采集和图像过程控制用于测量动态和瞬态现象。该技术通过拍摄含有流体的容器的图像并修改图像的灰度级来区别流体与气泡。可以在没有大的时间消耗的缺点的情况下执行未修改的图像处理。该技术用于通过计算图像中专用于气泡的图像像素或沿着垂直或水平线的流体来检测液体水平和气泡。液位变化率和气泡量随时间变化表明容器处于动态状态时的泄漏。在动态状态下对瞬态现象的检查给出了容器内产品的最终质量和数量的指示。它还提供了用于确定填充喷嘴操作的反馈，具有容易校准和调节容器内适当量的气泡的优点。它还提供机械或热故障和反馈的指示，以指示任何偏离预设参数的单元。该系统在啤酒和软饮料行业是非常有益的，其中产品的味道受到容器内气泡的量的高度影响。

2. 发明授权

US6124934A High-accuracy high-stability method and apparatus for measuring distance from surface to reference plane 失效
标题翻译：用于测量从表面到参考平面的距离的高精度高稳定度方法和装置
公开(公告)号：US6124934A
公开(公告)日：2000-09-26
申请号：US226937
申请日：1999-01-08
申请人： Arie Shahar , Richard Woods , Nira Schwartz
发明人： Arie Shahar , Richard Woods , Nira Schwartz
IPC分类号： G01B11/06 , G01S17/08 , G03F7/20 , G01B11/00
CPC分类号： G03F7/70616 , G01B11/06 , G01S17/08
摘要： A system for measuring the distance of an examined surface from a reference plane includes two detectors and a radiation source for directing a beam along a path which includes a first focussing lens for focussing the beam as a spot on the surface and reflecting it. A collecting lens converts the reflected radiation to a reflected beam. A splitter directs part of the reflected beam through a second path which includes a second focussing lens for focussing part of the reflected beam onto a surface of the first detector. Its position on the first detector corresponds to the distance of the examined surface under the spot from the reference plane, according to by a first equation with two terms: a first drawback error and a first surface displacement. The other part of the reflected beam propagates through a splitter and along a third path which includes a third focussing lens for focussing the other part of the reflected beam onto a second spot on a surface of the second detector. Its position on the second detector corresponds to the distance of the examined surface from the reference plane according to a second equation with two terms: a second drawback error and a second surface displacement. The second and third focussing lenses cause the first and second equations to be independent. A processing unit utilizes the outputs of the detectors to measure the distance of the examined surface from the reference plane.
摘要翻译：用于测量被检测表面与参考平面的距离的系统包括两个检测器和用于沿着包括第一聚焦透镜的路径引导光束的辐射源，用于将光束聚焦在表面上的点并将其反射。收集透镜将反射的辐射转换成反射光束。分束器将部分反射光束引导通过第二路径，该第二路径包括用于将部分反射光束聚焦到第一检测器的表面上的第二聚焦透镜。根据具有两个项的第一个方程：第一个缺陷误差和第一个表面位移，其在第一个检测器上的位置对应于被检查的表面在参考平面下的距离。反射光束的另一部分通过分光器并且沿着第三路径传播，该第三路径包括第三聚焦透镜，用于将反射光束的另一部分聚焦到第二检测器的表面上的第二光斑上。其第二检测器上的位置对应于根据具有两个项的第二等式的检查表面与参考平面的距离：第二缺陷误差和第二表面位移。第二和第三聚焦透镜使得第一和第二方程是独立的。处理单元利用检测器的输出来测量检查表面与参考平面的距离。

3. 发明授权

US5369713A Inspection method using area of interest (AOI) analysis 失效
标题翻译：使用感兴趣区域的检测方法（AOI）分析
公开(公告)号：US5369713A
公开(公告)日：1994-11-29
申请号：US82437
申请日：1993-06-28
申请人： Nira Schwartz , Arie Shahar , Richard Woods
发明人： Nira Schwartz , Arie Shahar , Richard Woods
IPC分类号： B07C5/34 , G01B11/02 , G01N21/90 , G06K9/00
CPC分类号： B07C5/3408 , G01B11/024 , G01N21/9054 , G01N21/9081 , G01N21/9027
摘要： A technique for detecting defects in stationary products or in products moving on a production line (102, FIG. 1) by analyzing area of interest (AOls) of their modified images uses a matrix or linescan camera (104, FIG. 1) for taking images of products (102). The product's dimensions are measured with accuracy, and the existence and alignment of caps and seals is determined. The technique is much faster and more accurate than current techniques and is based up on an analysis of the AOls and their discontinuities. (209 FIG. 1). Carefully selected AOls of the modified image (2 to 8, FIG. 2) are saved in the memory of a computer (106, FIG. 1). The method also includes loading look-up tables to modify the gray levels of the products; saving AOls in memory to be analyzed (FIG. 1); analyzing AOl data, counting pixel discontinuities, etc. The results can be used to measure product ovality, check caps and seals on products, and check changes of fluid or content levels in containers.
摘要翻译：用于通过分析其修改图像的感兴趣区域（AO1）来检测在生产线（102，图1）上移动的固定产品或产品中的缺陷的技术使用矩阵或线扫描照相机（104，图1）产品图片（102）。产品的尺寸是精确测量的，确定盖子和密封件的存在和对齐。该技术比当前技术更快更准确，并且基于对AOI及其不连续性的分析。（209图1）。经修改的图像（图2中的2至8）的仔细选择的AO1被保存在计算机的存储器（图1中的106）中。该方法还包括加载查找表以修改产品的灰度级; 将AOls保存在待分析的存储器中（图1）; 分析AOI数据，计数像素不连续性等。结果可用于测量产品椭圆度，检查瓶盖和产品密封，并检查容器中流体或含量水平的变化。

4. 发明授权

US5481619A Inspection method using templates images, unique histogram analysis, and multiple gray levels correlated to addresses of template images 失效
标题翻译：使用模板图像的检查方法，独特的直方图分析和与模板图像的地址相关的多个灰度级
公开(公告)号：US5481619A
公开(公告)日：1996-01-02
申请号：US910721
申请日：1992-07-07
申请人： Nira Schwartz , Arie Shahar , Richard Woods
发明人： Nira Schwartz , Arie Shahar , Richard Woods
IPC分类号： G06T7/00 , G06K9/00
CPC分类号： G06T7/001 , G06T2207/30141 , G06T2207/30148
摘要： A technique for detecting defects in stationary products or in products moving on a production line (102, FIG. 1) by analyzing their images uses a matrix or line-scan camera (104, FIG. 1) for taking images of products (102). The product's dimensions are measured with accuracy and the sizes and positions of their surface defects are determined. The technique is much faster and more accurate than current techniques and is based on an analysis of the histogram vectors of the full image (FIG. 5). A carefully selected template image (A1, FIG. 2) composed of templates (B1, FIG. 2) is created and saved in the memory of a computer (106, FIG. 1). The method also includes the steps of creating and saving a histogram vector of the template image loading Look-Up Tables with a shifting and quantizing function for the image gray levels saving a product image in memory to be superposed onto template image (FIG. 1) creating and saving a histogram vector of the result unit superposed image and analyzing the resulting histograms, i.e., finding discontinuations, changes the values of gray levels, appearance of new gray levels, etc. This results in the detection of product dimensions or surface defects and further allows deciphering of product codes.
摘要翻译：用于通过分析其图像来检测固定产品或在生产线（102，图1）上移动的产品中的缺陷的技术使用矩阵或线扫描照相机（104，图1）来拍摄产品图像（102）。产品的尺寸精确度测量，并确定其表面缺陷的尺寸和位置。该技术比当前技术更快更准确，并且基于对完整图像的直方图向量的分析（图5）。由模板（B1，图2）组成的仔细选择的模板图像（A1，图2）被创建并保存在计算机的存储器中（图1的106）。该方法还包括以下步骤：创建并保存模板图像加载查找表的直方图向量，其具有图像灰度级的移位和量化功能，从而将存储器中的商品图像保存为叠加到模板图像上（图1）创建并保存结果单位叠加图像的直方图向量，并分析所得到的直方图，即发现不连续性，改变灰度值，新灰度级别的出现等。这导致产品尺寸或表面缺陷的检测，进一步允许解密产品代码。

5. 发明授权

US5414778A Dynamic fluid level and bubble inspection for quality and process control 失效
标题翻译：动态液位和气泡检测的质量和过程控制
公开(公告)号：US5414778A
公开(公告)日：1995-05-09
申请号：US157734
申请日：1993-11-24
申请人： Nira Schwartz , Arie Shahar , Richard Woods
发明人： Nira Schwartz , Arie Shahar , Richard Woods
IPC分类号： B67D1/12 , G01F23/292 , G01N9/24 , G01N33/14 , G01N35/02 , G06T7/00 , G06K9/00
CPC分类号： G06T7/403 , B67D1/1247 , G01F23/292 , G01N33/146 , G01N35/025 , G01N9/24 , G06T2207/30108
摘要： Fast image acquisition and image process control can be used to advantage to measure dynamic and transient phenomena. This technique can distinguish fluid from bubbles by modifying the image's gray levels. The technique is used for detecting fluid levels and bubbles, by counting image pixels dedicated to bubbles or to fluid along vertical or horizontal lines within the image. The rate of change of fluid level and the amount of bubbles with time indicate leakage in containers while they are in a dynamic state. The inspection of transient phenomena during a dynamic state gives an indication of the final quality and quantity of a product inside a container. It also provides a good feedback for the determination of fill nozzle operation, with the advantage of easy calibration and adjustment for the right amount of bubbles within the container. The application is highly beneficial in the beer and soft drink industry where the taste of the product is highly influenced by the amount of bubbles within the container.
摘要翻译：快速图像采集和图像过程控制可用于测量动态和瞬态现象。这种技术可以通过修改图像的灰度级来区分流体和气泡。该技术用于通过计算图像中专用于气泡的图像像素或沿着垂直或水平线的流体来检测液体水平和气泡。流体水平的变化率和气泡量随时间的推移表明容器在处于动态状态时的泄漏。在动态状态下对瞬态现象的检查给出了容器内产品的最终质量和数量的指示。它还为确定填充喷嘴操作提供了良好的反馈，具有容易校准和调整容器内适量气泡的优点。该应用在啤酒和软饮料行业中是非常有益的，其中产品的味道受到容器内气泡的量的高度影响。

6. 再颁专利

USRE35350E Method and apparatus for measuring surface distances from a reference plane 失效
标题翻译：用于测量与参考平面的表面距离的方法和装置
公开(公告)号：USRE35350E
公开(公告)日：1996-10-08
申请号：US398551
申请日：1995-02-27
申请人： Arie Shahar , Nira Schwartz
发明人： Arie Shahar , Nira Schwartz
IPC分类号： G01B11/02 , G03F7/20 , G03F9/00 , G01B11/00
CPC分类号： G03F7/70616 , G01B11/026 , G03F9/70
摘要： A method of measuring the distance of an examined surface from a reference plane, by: (a) directing a parallel beam of radiation along a first optical path in which the parallel beam is focussed as a spot on the examined surface and reflected therefrom; (b) converting the reflected beam to a parallel beam; (c) directing a part of the reflected parallel beam through a second optical path in which the spot is focussed on a surface of a first detector located such that the position of the spot on the first detector includes both drawback errors caused by variations in reflectivity, scattering, and/or interference in the examined surface; and a plane displacement error, representing the distance between the plane of the examined surface and the reference plane; (d) directing another part of the reflected parallel beam through a third optical path in which the spot is focussed on a surface of a second detector located such that the position of the spot on the second detector includes only the drawback errors; (e) and utilizing the outputs of the first and second detectors for providing a measurement of the distance of the examined surface from the reference plane.
摘要翻译：通过以下步骤，测量被检测表面与参考平面的距离的方法：（a）沿着第一光路引导平行光束，其中所述平行光束被聚焦在被检查表面上的点并从其反射; （b）将反射光束转换为平行光束; （c）将反射的平行光束的一部分引导通过第二光路，其中光斑聚焦在第一检测器的表面上，使得第一检测器上的光点的位置包括由反射率变化引起的两个缺点，散射和/或干涉; 和平面位移误差，表示检查表面的平面与参考平面之间的距离; （d）将反射的平行光束的另一部分引导通过第三光路，其中光点被聚焦在位于第二检测器的表面上，使得第二检测器上的点的位置仅包括缺陷错误; （e）并且利用第一和第二检测器的输出来提供所检查的表面与参考平面的距离的测量。

7. 发明授权

US06522443B1 High-resolution writing using beams and lenses rotating at equal or double speed 失效
标题翻译：高分辨率写入使用以相等或双速旋转的光束和透镜
公开(公告)号：US06522443B1
公开(公告)日：2003-02-18
申请号：US09862527
申请日：2001-05-22
申请人： Arie Shahar , Nira Schwartz
发明人： Arie Shahar , Nira Schwartz
IPC分类号： G02B2608
CPC分类号： G02B26/12
摘要： A scan systems include at least one radiation source for directing at least one beam toward a spinning scan device. The scan device reflects these beams as rotating scan beams to track rotating scan lenses without translation between the scan beams and the scan lenses. The rotating scan lenses focus the scan beams into radiation spots and project them onto a scanned surface as moving scan spots. Relative movement between the scanned surface and the scan lenses produces an inner drum area scan. According to another version the system includes at least one radiation source for directing at least one beam toward a spinning scan device. The scan device reflects these beams as rotating scan beams to track rotating reflectors. The reflectors direct the beams to rotating tracking lenses without translation between the beams and the lenses. The lenses focus the scan beams into spots and project these onto a scanned surface as moving spots. Relative movement between the scanned surface and the scan lenses produces a planar area scan. The advantages of each version are the ability to use multiple beams for high-speed scans, to produce a scan with a balanced rotating optical system for producing a high speed-scan, to scan with a high resolution that is diffraction limited, to scan over a large range at a high resolution, to achieve a very accurate scan by reducing the influence of the production tolerances of the scan device, and to produce high-speed scan with very low radiation loss in a rotating confocal microscope.
摘要翻译：扫描系统包括用于将至少一个光束引向纺丝扫描装置的至少一个辐射源。扫描装置将这些光束作为旋转扫描光束反射以跟踪旋转扫描透镜，而不会在扫描光束和扫描透镜之间进行平移。旋转扫描透镜将扫描光束聚焦成辐射点，并将其投影到扫描表面上作为移动扫描点。扫描表面和扫描透镜之间的相对移动产生内鼓区域扫描。根据另一个版本，该系统包括至少一个辐射源，用于将至少一个光束引导到旋转扫描装置。扫描装置将这些光束反射为旋转扫描光束以跟踪旋转反射器。反射器将光束引导到旋转跟踪透镜，而不会在光束和透镜之间平移。透镜将扫描光束聚焦成斑点，并将其投影到扫描表面上作为移动点。扫描表面和扫描透镜之间的相对移动产生平面区域扫描。每个版本的优点是能够使用多个光束进行高速扫描，以产生具有平衡旋转光学系统的扫描，用于产生高速扫描，以衍射限制的高分辨率扫描，扫描以高分辨率的大范围，通过减少扫描装置的制造公差的影响来实现非常精确的扫描，并且在旋转共聚焦显微镜中产生具有非常低的辐射损耗的高速扫描。

8. 发明授权

US06310710B1 High-resolution reading and writing using beams and lenses rotating at equal or double speed 失效
标题翻译：使用以相等或双速转动的光束和透镜进行高分辨率读写
公开(公告)号：US06310710B1
公开(公告)日：2001-10-30
申请号：US09506072
申请日：2000-02-17
申请人： Arie Shahar , Nira Schwartz
发明人： Arie Shahar , Nira Schwartz
IPC分类号： G02B2608
CPC分类号： G02B26/12
摘要： A scan systems include at least one radiation source for directing at least one beam toward a spinning scan device. The scan device reflects these beams as rotating scan beams to track rotating scan lenses without translation between the scan beams and the scan lenses. The rotating scan lenses focus the scan beams into radiation spots and project them onto a scanned surface as moving scan spots. Relative movement between the scanned surface and the scan lenses produces an inner drum area scan. According to another version the system includes at least one radiation source for directing at least one beam toward a spinning scan device. The scan device reflects these beams as rotating scan beams to track rotating reflectors. The reflectors direct the beams to rotating tracking lenses without translation between the beams and the lenses. The lenses focus the scan beams into spots and project these onto a scanned surface as moving spots. Relative movement between the scanned surface and the scan lenses produces a planar area scan. The advantages of each version are the ability to use multiple beams for high-speed scans, to produce a scan with a balanced rotating optical system for producing a high speed-scan, to scan with a high resolution that is diffraction limited, to scan over a large range at a high resolution, to achieve a very accurate scan by reducing the influence of the production tolerances of the scan device, and to produce high-speed scan with very low radiation loss in a rotating confocal microscope.
摘要翻译：扫描系统包括用于将至少一个光束引向纺丝扫描装置的至少一个辐射源。扫描装置将这些光束作为旋转扫描光束反射以跟踪旋转扫描透镜，而不会在扫描光束和扫描透镜之间进行平移。旋转扫描透镜将扫描光束聚焦成辐射点，并将其投影到扫描表面上作为移动扫描点。扫描表面和扫描透镜之间的相对移动产生内鼓区域扫描。根据另一个版本，该系统包括至少一个辐射源，用于将至少一个光束引导到旋转扫描装置。扫描装置将这些光束反射为旋转扫描光束以跟踪旋转反射器。反射器将光束引导到旋转跟踪透镜，而不会在光束和透镜之间平移。透镜将扫描光束聚焦成斑点，并将其投影到扫描表面上作为移动点。扫描表面和扫描透镜之间的相对移动产生平面区域扫描。每个版本的优点是能够使用多个光束进行高速扫描，以产生具有平衡旋转光学系统的扫描，用于产生高速扫描，以衍射限制的高分辨率扫描，扫描以高分辨率的大范围，通过减少扫描装置的制造公差的影响来实现非常精确的扫描，并且在旋转共聚焦显微镜中产生具有非常低的辐射损耗的高速扫描。

9. 发明授权

US5170279A Method and apparatus for calibrating and improving linearity of system for scanning moving objects 失效
标题翻译：用于校准和改善用于扫描移动物体的系统的线性的方法和装置
公开(公告)号：US5170279A
公开(公告)日：1992-12-08
申请号：US786554
申请日：1991-11-01
申请人： Nira Schwartz , Arie Shahar
发明人： Nira Schwartz , Arie Shahar
IPC分类号： G02B26/12 , G02B27/00
CPC分类号： G02B27/0031 , G02B26/12 , Y10S359/90
摘要： A method for calibrating and improving linearity of a system for scanning moving objects. A type of scanning system and a set of parameters to define the scanning system are selected. A set of initial values for some of the parameters are also selected and mathematical equations are derived which describe physical movements of the scanning and relationships between the parameters. The equations are solved to find values for the parameters with which the objects are scanned by an incident light with linearity and a predetermined accuracy. The parameters of the scanning system are then set to the values obtained by solving the equations. The system itself consists of a rotating polygon (34) and a rotating carousel (42) having predetermined axes of their rotation. The polygon (34) has a plurality of facets (46) which are symmetric with respect to the polygon's axis of rotation. The carousel supports objects, such as bottles (36, 37, . . . 41) which also may have spinning motions. The system may operate in a reading mode when objects are illuminated by an incident light beam which is reflected and is directed to a processing unit, or in a writing mode when the surfaces of the objects are treated, e.g., by a laser beam for engraving marks while the objects are moved by the carousel (42) and spin around their own axes.
摘要翻译：一种用于校准和改善用于扫描移动物体的系统的线性度的方法。选择一种扫描系统和一组用于定义扫描系统的参数。还选择了一些参数的一组初始值，并导出了描述扫描的物理移动和参数之间关系的数学方程。求解等式，以线性和预定精度的入射光来查找对象被扫描的参数的值。然后将扫描系统的参数设置为通过求解等式获得的值。该系统本身由旋转的多边形（34）和具有其旋转的预定轴的旋转转盘（42）组成。多边形（34）具有相对于多边形的旋转轴对称的多个小面（46）。旋转木马支持物体，例如也可能具有旋转运动的瓶子（36,37，...）41。当物体被被反射并被引导到处理单元的入射光束照射时，或者当物体的表面被处理时，例如通过用于雕刻的激光束以书写模式，系统可以在读取模式下操作该系统当物体被转盘（42）移动并围绕其自己的轴旋转时的标记。

10. 发明授权

US06628446B1 High-resolution reading and writing using beams and lenses rotating at equal or double speed 失效
标题翻译：使用以相等或双速转动的光束和透镜进行高分辨率读写
公开(公告)号：US06628446B1
公开(公告)日：2003-09-30
申请号：US10335036
申请日：2002-12-31
申请人： Arie Shahar , Nira Schwartz
发明人： Arie Shahar , Nira Schwartz
IPC分类号： G02B2608
CPC分类号： G02B26/12
摘要： A scan systems include at least one radiation source for directing at least one beam toward a spinning scan device. The scan device reflects these beams as rotating scan beams to track rotating scan lenses without translation between the scan beams and the scan lenses. The rotating scan lenses focus the scan beams into radiation spots and project them onto a scanned surface as moving scan spots. Relative movement between the scanned surface and the scan lenses produces an inner drum area scan. According to another version the system includes at least one radiation source for directing at least one beam toward a spinning scan device. The scan device reflects these beams as rotating scan beam to track rotating reflectors, The reflectors direct the beams to rotating tracking lenses without translation between the beams and the lenses. The lenses focus the scan beams into spots and project these onto a scanned surface as moving spots. Relative movement between the scanned surface and the scan lenses produces a planar area scan. The advantages of each version are the ability to use multiple beams for high-speed scans, to produce a scan with a balanced rotating optical system for producing a high speed-scan, to scan with a high resolution that is diffraction limited, to scan over a large range at a high resolution, to achieve a very accurate scan by reducing the influence of the production tolerances of the scan device, and to produce high-speed scan with very low radiation loss in a rotating confocal microscope.
摘要翻译：扫描系统包括用于将至少一个光束引向纺丝扫描装置的至少一个辐射源。扫描装置将这些光束作为旋转扫描光束反射以跟踪旋转扫描透镜，而不会在扫描光束和扫描透镜之间进行平移。旋转扫描透镜将扫描光束聚焦成辐射点，并将其投影到扫描表面上作为移动扫描点。扫描表面和扫描透镜之间的相对移动产生内鼓区域扫描。根据另一个版本，该系统包括至少一个辐射源，用于将至少一个光束引导到旋转扫描装置。扫描装置将这些光束反射为旋转扫描光束以跟踪旋转反射器。反射器将光束引导到旋转跟踪透镜，而不会在光束和透镜之间平移。透镜将扫描光束聚焦成斑点，并将其投影到扫描表面上作为移动点。扫描表面和扫描透镜之间的相对移动产生平面区域扫描。每个版本的优点是能够使用多个光束进行高速扫描，以产生具有平衡旋转光学系统的扫描，用于产生高速扫描，以衍射限制的高分辨率扫描，扫描以高分辨率的大范围，通过减少扫描装置的制造公差的影响来实现非常精确的扫描，并且在旋转共聚焦显微镜中产生具有非常低的辐射损耗的高速扫描。

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