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1. 发明授权

US09249066B2 Dehydration of alcohols on acidic catalysts 有权
标题翻译：醇在酸性催化剂上脱水
公开(公告)号：US09249066B2
公开(公告)日：2016-02-02
申请号：US13701774
申请日：2011-06-20
申请人： Delphine Minoux , Cindy Adam , Nikolai Nesterenko , Sander Van Donk , Jean-Pierre Dath , Walter Vermeiren
发明人： Delphine Minoux , Cindy Adam , Nikolai Nesterenko , Sander Van Donk , Jean-Pierre Dath , Walter Vermeiren
IPC分类号： C07C1/24
CPC分类号： C07C1/24 , C07C2521/04 , C07C2521/06 , C07C2521/12 , C07C2529/40 , C07C2529/65 , C07C2529/82 , C07C2529/83 , C07C2529/85 , Y02P20/52 , C07C11/04
摘要： A dehydration process may include introducing in a reactor an alcohol, and contacting the alcohol with an acidic catalyst to dehydrate the alcohol to make a corresponding olefin. The process may include recovering from the reactor the olefin and water. In the process, an effective amount of a component capable to neutralize a part of the catalyst active site may be introduced. The component may include ammonia, organic ammonium salts, hydrazine, nitriles, amines, amides, imines, di-imines, imides, cyanates, isocyanates, nitrites and nitroso compounds, aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic esters, and their corresponding thio-compounds.
摘要翻译：脱水方法可以包括在反应器中引入醇，并将醇与酸性催化剂接触以使醇脱水以制备相应的烯烃。该方法可以包括从反应器中回收烯烃和水。在该方法中，可以引入有效量的能够中和一部分催化剂活性部位的成分。该组分可包括氨，有机铵盐，肼，腈，胺，酰胺，亚胺，二亚胺，酰亚胺，氰酸酯，异氰酸酯，亚硝酸酯和亚硝基化合物，醛，酮，羧酸酯及其相应的硫代化合物。

2. 发明授权

US09000236B2 Purification of alcohols prior to their use in the presence of an acid catalyst 有权
标题翻译：醇在使用前在酸催化剂存在下进行纯化
公开(公告)号：US09000236B2
公开(公告)日：2015-04-07
申请号：US13131407
申请日：2009-11-27
申请人： Delphine Minoux , Walter Vermeiren , Nikolai Nesterenko , Sander Van Donk , Jean-Pierre Dath
发明人： Delphine Minoux , Walter Vermeiren , Nikolai Nesterenko , Sander Van Donk , Jean-Pierre Dath
IPC分类号： C07C29/74 , C07C1/24 , C07C29/76 , C07C29/90
CPC分类号： C07C29/76 , C07C1/24 , C07C29/74 , C07C29/90 , C07C11/04 , C07C31/08
摘要： Process for the purification of an alcohol in the course of a process comprising: (1) providing a reaction zone (C) comprising an acid type catalyst; (2) providing a reaction zone (B) comprising an acid adsorbent material; (3) providing an alcohol stream comprising impurities; (4) introducing the alcohol stream of (3) into the reaction zone (B) and bringing said stream into contact with the acid adsorbent material at conditions effective to reduce the amount of impurities having an adverse effect on the acid type catalyst of the reaction zone (C); (5) recovering from step (4) an alcohol stream and introducing it into the reaction zone (C); (6) optionally introducing one or more reactants (R) into the reaction zone (C); (7) operating said reaction zone (C) at conditions effective to recover a valuable effluent.
摘要翻译：在包括以下步骤的过程中醇的纯化方法：（1）提供包含酸型催化剂的反应区（C）; （2）提供包含酸吸附材料的反应区（B）; （3）提供包含杂质的醇流; （4）将（3）的醇流引入反应区（B）中，并使所述物流与酸吸附剂材料接触，有效地减少对反应的酸型催化剂具有不利影响的杂质的量区（C）; （5）从步骤（4）中回收醇流并将其引入反应区（C）中; （6）任选地将一种或多种反应物（R）引入反应区（C）中; （7）在有效回收有价值流出物的条件下操作所述反应区（C）。

3. 发明申请

US20110313213A1 PURIFICATION OF ALCOHOLS PRIOR TO THEIR USE IN THE PRESENCE OF AN ACID CATALYST 有权
标题翻译：在酸性催化剂存在下使用醇类物质的纯化
公开(公告)号：US20110313213A1
公开(公告)日：2011-12-22
申请号：US13131407
申请日：2009-11-27
申请人： Delphine Minoux , Walter Vermeiren , Nikolai Nesterenko , Sander Van Donk , Jean-Pierre Dath
发明人： Delphine Minoux , Walter Vermeiren , Nikolai Nesterenko , Sander Van Donk , Jean-Pierre Dath
IPC分类号： C07C29/74
CPC分类号： C07C29/76 , C07C1/24 , C07C29/74 , C07C29/90 , C07C11/04 , C07C31/08
摘要： Process for the purification of an alcohol in the course of a process comprising: (1) providing a reaction zone (C) comprising an acid type catalyst; (2) providing a reaction zone (B) comprising an acid adsorbent material; (3) providing an alcohol stream comprising impurities; (4) introducing the alcohol stream of (3) into the reaction zone (B) and bringing said stream into contact with the acid adsorbent material at conditions effective to reduce the amount of impurities having an adverse effect on the acid type catalyst of the reaction zone (C); (5) recovering from step (4) an alcohol stream and introducing it into the reaction zone (C); (6) optionally introducing one or more reactants (R) into the reaction zone (C); (7) operating said reaction zone (C) at conditions effective to recover a valuable effluent.
摘要翻译：在包括以下步骤的过程中醇的纯化方法：（1）提供包含酸型催化剂的反应区（C）; （2）提供包含酸吸附材料的反应区（B）; （3）提供包含杂质的醇流; （4）将（3）的醇流引入反应区（B）中，并使所述物流与酸吸附剂材料接触，有效地减少对反应的酸型催化剂具有不利影响的杂质的量区（C）; （5）从步骤（4）中回收醇流并将其引入反应区（C）中; （6）任选地将一种或多种反应物（R）引入反应区（C）中; （7）在有效回收有价值流出物的条件下操作所述反应区（C）。

4. 发明申请

US20110105815A1 Process to Make Olefins from Ethanol 审中-公开
公开(公告)号：US20110105815A1
公开(公告)日：2011-05-05
申请号：US12864995
申请日：2009-02-05
申请人： Delphine Minoux , Nikolai Nesterenko , Walter Vermeiren , Sander Van Donk , Giacomo Grasso
发明人： Delphine Minoux , Nikolai Nesterenko , Walter Vermeiren , Sander Van Donk , Giacomo Grasso
IPC分类号： C07C1/24
CPC分类号： C07C11/04 , C07C1/24 , C07C4/06 , C07C11/06
摘要： The present invention relates to a process for the conversion of ethanol to make essentially ethylene and propylene, comprising: a) introducing in a reactor (A) (also called the first low temperature reaction zone) a stream comprising ethanol, optionally water, optionally an inert component, b) contacting said stream with a catalyst (A1) in said reactor (A) at conditions effective to dehydrate at least a portion of the ethanol to essentially ethylene, c) recovering from said reactor an effluent comprising: essentially ethylene, minor amounts of various hydrocarbons, water, optionally unconverted ethanol and the optional inert component of step a), d) fractionating said effluent of step c) to remove water, unconverted ethanol, optionally the inert component, and optionally the whole or a part of the various hydrocarbons to get a stream (D) comprising essentially ethylene and optionally the inert component, e) introducing at least a part of said stream (D) mixed with a stream (D1) comprising olefins having 4 carbon atoms or more (C4+ olefins) in a OCP reactor (also called the second high temperature reaction zone) under the condition that the mixture (D)+(D1) comprises at least 10 wt % of C4+ olefins, f) contacting said stream comprising at least a part of (D) and the stream (D1) in said OCP reactor with a catalyst which is selective towards light olefins in the effluent, to produce an effluent with an olefin content of lower molecular weight than that of the feedstock, g) fractionating said effluent of step f) to produce at least an ethylene stream, a propylene stream and a fraction consisting essentially of hydrocarbons having 4 carbon atoms or more, optionally recycling ethylene in whole or in part at the inlet of the OCP reactor of step f), or at the inlet of the reactor (A) or in part at the inlet of the OCP reactor of step f) and in part at the inlet of the reactor (A), optionally recycling the fraction consisting essentially of hydrocarbons having 4 carbon atoms or more at the inlet of the OCP reactor.

5. 发明授权

US08728969B2 Process for obtaining a catalyst composite 有权
标题翻译：获得催化剂复合材料的方法
公开(公告)号：US08728969B2
公开(公告)日：2014-05-20
申请号：US12811216
申请日：2009-01-23
申请人： Nikolai Nesterenko , Walter Vermeiren , Sander Van Donk
发明人： Nikolai Nesterenko , Walter Vermeiren , Sander Van Donk
IPC分类号： B01J29/06
CPC分类号： C07C1/20 , B01J21/16 , B01J23/00 , B01J27/16 , B01J29/06 , B01J29/08 , B01J29/40 , B01J29/60 , B01J29/65 , B01J29/7007 , B01J29/7026 , B01J29/7038 , B01J29/7046 , B01J37/10 , B01J37/28 , B01J2029/081 , B01J2229/16 , B01J2229/186 , B01J2229/42 , C07C4/06 , C07C2529/40 , C08F10/06 , Y02P30/42 , C07C11/02
摘要： A process for obtaining a catalyst composite comprising the following steps: a). selecting a molecular sieve having pores of 10-or more-membered rings b). contacting the molecular sieve with a metal silicate different from said molecular sieve comprising at least one alkaline earth metal and one or more of the following metals: Ga, Al, Ce, In, Cs, Sc, Sn, Li, Zn, Co, Mo, Mn, Ni, Fe, Cu, Cr, Ti and V, such that the composite comprises at least 0.1 wt % of silicate.
摘要翻译：一种获得催化剂复合材料的方法，包括以下步骤：a）。选择具有10或更多元环孔的分子筛b）。使分子筛与不同于包含至少一种碱土金属和一种或多种以下金属的分子筛的金属硅酸盐接触：Ga，Al，Ce，In，Cs，Sc，Sn，Li，Zn，Co，Mo ，Mn，Ni，Fe，Cu，Cr，Ti和V，使得复合材料包含至少0.1重量％的硅酸盐。

6. 发明申请

US20110178259A1 Process to Make Olefins from Organics 有权
标题翻译：从有机物制造烯烃的工艺
公开(公告)号：US20110178259A1
公开(公告)日：2011-07-21
申请号：US13000387
申请日：2009-06-24
申请人： Nikolai Nesterenko , Walter Vermeiren , Giacomo Grasso , Sander Van Donk , Wolfgang Garcia
发明人： Nikolai Nesterenko , Walter Vermeiren , Giacomo Grasso , Sander Van Donk , Wolfgang Garcia
IPC分类号： C08F4/12 , C07C11/00
CPC分类号： C07C1/20 , B01J21/08 , B01J21/16 , B01J27/14 , B01J29/18 , B01J29/40 , B01J29/65 , B01J29/90 , B01J38/12 , B01J2229/16 , B01J2229/18 , B01J2229/36 , B01J2229/37 , C07C1/26 , C07C1/322 , C07C4/06 , C07C2529/40 , Y02P20/584 , Y02P30/42 , C07C11/02
摘要： The present invention relates to a process to make light olefins, in a combined XTO-OC process, from an oxygen-containing, halogenide-containing or sulphur-containing organic feedstock comprising: a0) providing a first portion and a second portion of said oxygen-containing, halogenide-containing or sulphur-containing organic feedstock, a) providing a catalyst comprising zeolitic molecular sieves containing at least 10 membered ring pore openings or larger in their microporous structure, b) providing an XTO reaction zone, an OC reaction zone and a catalyst regeneration zone, said catalyst circulating in the three zones, such that at least a portion of the regenerated catalyst is passed to the OC reaction zone, optionally at least a portion of the catalyst in the OC reaction zone is passed to the XTO reaction zone and at least a portion of the catalyst in the XTO reaction zone is passed to the regeneration zone; c) contacting the first portion of said oxygen-containing, halogenide-containing or sulphur-containing organic feedstock in the XTO reactor with the catalyst at conditions effective to convert at least a portion of the feedstock to form a XTO reactor effluent comprising light olefins and a heavy hydrocarbon fraction; d) separating said light olefins from said heavy hydrocarbon fraction; e) contacting said heavy hydrocarbon fraction and the second portion of said oxygen-containing, halogenide-containing or sulphur-containing organic feedstock in the OC reactor with the catalyst at conditions effective to convert at least a portion of said heavy hydrocarbon fraction and oxygen-containing, halogenide-containing or sulphur-containing organic feedstock to light olefins.
摘要翻译：本发明涉及一种在组合的XTO-OC方法中由含氧，含卤素或含硫有机原料制备轻质烯烃的方法，包括：a）提供所述氧气的第一部分和第二部分 a）提供包含在其微孔结构中含有至少10元环孔或更大孔沸石分子筛的催化剂，b）提供XTO反应区，OC反应区和催化剂再生区，所述催化剂在三个区域中循环，使得至少一部分再生催化剂通入OC反应区，任选地将OC反应区中的至少一部分催化剂通入XTO反应区域，并且XTO反应区中的至少一部分催化剂被传送到再生区; c）在有效地转化至少一部分原料以形成包含轻质烯烃的XTO反应器流出物的条件下，将XTO反应器中的含氧卤化物或含硫有机原料的第一部分与催化剂接触，重质烃馏分; d）从所述重质烃馏分中分离出所述轻质烯烃; e）在OC反应器中将所述重质烃部分和第二部分所述含氧卤化物或含硫有机原料与所述催化剂接触，所述条件有效地将至少一部分所述重质烃部分和氧 - 含卤素或含硫有机原料转化成轻质烯烃。

7. 发明申请

US20110137096A1 Process to Make Olefins from Ethanol 审中-公开
公开(公告)号：US20110137096A1
公开(公告)日：2011-06-09
申请号：US12864983
申请日：2009-02-05
申请人： Delphine Minoux , Nikolai Nesterenko , Walter Vermeiren , Sander Van Donk , Giacomo Grasso
发明人： Delphine Minoux , Nikolai Nesterenko , Walter Vermeiren , Sander Van Donk , Giacomo Grasso
IPC分类号： C07C1/20
CPC分类号： C10G11/05 , C07C1/20 , C07C1/24 , C07C4/06 , C07C11/06 , C07C2529/035 , C07C2529/70 , C07C2529/85 , Y02P30/42 , C07C11/04
摘要： The present invention relates to a process for the conversion of ethanol to make essentially ethylene and propylene, comprising: a) introducing in a reactor (A) (also called the first low temperature reaction zone) a stream comprising ethanol under a partial pressure at least about 0.2 MPa, optionally water, optionally an inert component, b) contacting said stream with a catalyst (A1) in said reactor (A) at conditions effective to convert at least a portion of the ethanol to essentially ethylene, propylene and olefins having 4 carbon atoms or more (C4+ olefins), c) recovering from said reactor an effluent comprising : ethylene and C4+ fraction containing mainly olefins having 4 carbon atoms or more (C4+ olefins), propylene and various hydrocarbons, water, optionally unconverted ethanol and the optional inert component of step a), d) fractionating said effluent of step c) to remove water, unconverted ethanol, optionally the inert component, optionally the propylene and optionally the whole or a part of the various hydrocarbons to get a stream (D) comprising essentially ethylene, olefins having 4 carbon atoms or more (C4+ olefins) and optionally the inert component, e) introducing at least a part of said stream (D) optionally mixed with a stream (D1) comprising olefins having 4 carbon atoms or more (C4+ olefins) in a OCP reactor (also called the second high temperature reaction zone) under the condition that said mixture (D)+(D1) comprises at least 10 wt % of C4+ olefins, f) contacting said stream comprising at least a part of (D) and the optional (D1) in said OCP reactor with a catalyst which is selective towards light olefins in the effluent, to produce an effluent with an olefin content of lower molecular weight than that of the feedstock, g) fractionating said effluent of step f) to produce at least an ethylene stream, a propylene stream and a fraction consisting essentially of hydrocarbons having 4 carbon atoms or more, optionally recycling ethylene in whole or in part at the inlet of the OCP reactor of step f), or at the inlet of the reactor (A) or in part at the inlet of the OCP reactor of step f) and in part at the inlet of the reactor (A), optionally recycling the fraction consisting essentially of hydrocarbons having 4 carbon atoms or more at the inlet of the OCP reactor.

8. 发明申请

US20110118425A1 Process for Obtaining Catalyst Composites Comprising MeAPO and Their Use in Conversion of Organics to Olefins 失效
公开(公告)号：US20110118425A1
公开(公告)日：2011-05-19
申请号：US12811218
申请日：2009-01-23
申请人： Nikolai Nesterenko , Walter Vermeiren , Sander Van Donk
发明人： Nikolai Nesterenko , Walter Vermeiren , Sander Van Donk
IPC分类号： C08F210/02 , C08F210/06 , B01J29/85 , C07C1/20 , C07C1/26 , C07C1/32
CPC分类号： C07C1/32 , B01J29/005 , B01J29/40 , B01J29/85 , B01J2229/186 , B01J2229/42 , C07C1/20 , C07C1/22 , C07C1/26 , Y02P30/42 , C07C11/02
摘要： The present invention is a mixture comprising by weight 0.01 to 30% of at least one medium or large pore crystalline silicoaluminate, silicoaluminophosphate materials or silicoaluminate mesoporous molecular sieves (co-catalyst) (A) for respectively 99.99 to 70% of at least a MeAPO molecular sieve.Preferably the proportion of (A) is 1 to 15% for respectively 99 to 85% of MeAPO molecular sieves.MeAPO molecular sieves having CHA (SAPO-34) or AEI (SAPO-18) structure or mixture thereof are the most preferable. Si is the most desirable metal in MeAPO.The present invention also relates to catalysts consisting of the above mixture or comprising the above mixture.The present invention also relates to a process (hereunder referred as “XTO process”) for making an olefin product from an oxygen-containing, halogenide-containing or sulphur-containing organic feedstock wherein said oxygen-containing, halogenide-containing or sulphur-containing organic feedstock is contacted with the above catalyst (in the XTO reactor) under conditions effective to convert the oxygen-containing, halogenide-containing or sulphur-containing organic feedstock to olefin products (the XTO reactor effluent).The present invention also relates to a process (hereunder referred as “combined XTO and OCP process”) to make light olefins from an oxygen-containing, halogenide-containing or sulphur-containing organic feedstock comprising:contacting said oxygen-containing, halogenide-containing or sulphur-containing organic feedstock in the XTO reactor with the above catalyst at conditions effective to convert at least a portion of the feedstock to form an XTO reactor effluent comprising light olefins and a heavy hydrocarbon fraction; separating said light olefins from said heavy hydrocarbon fraction; contacting said heavy hydrocarbon fraction in the OCP reactor at conditions effective to convert at least a portion of said heavy hydrocarbon fraction to light olefins.

9. 发明申请

US20110098518A1 Dehydration of Alcohols in the Presence of an Inert Component 审中-公开
标题翻译：酒精在惰性成分存在下脱水
公开(公告)号：US20110098518A1
公开(公告)日：2011-04-28
申请号：US12864989
申请日：2009-02-05
申请人： Delphine Minoux , Nikolai Nesterenko , Walter Vermeiren , Sander Van Donk
发明人： Delphine Minoux , Nikolai Nesterenko , Walter Vermeiren , Sander Van Donk
IPC分类号： C07C1/24
CPC分类号： C07C11/02 , C07C1/24 , C07C11/04
摘要： The present invention (first embodiment) relates to a process for the dehydration of at least an alcohol to make at least an olefin, comprising: a) introducing in a reactor a stream (A) comprising at least an alcohol optionally in aqueous solution and an inert component, b) contacting said stream with a catalyst in said reactor at conditions effective to dehydrate at least a portion of the alcohol to make an olefin, c) recovering from said reactor a stream (B) comprising: the inert component and at least an olefin, water and optionally unconverted alcohol, d) optionally fractionating the stream (B) to recover the unconverted alcohol and recycling said unconverted alcohol to the reactor of step a), e) optionally fractionating the stream (B) to recover the inert component and the olefin and recycling said inert component to the reactor of step a), Wherein, the inert component is selected among ethane, the hydrocarbons having from 3 to 10 carbon atoms, naphtenes and CO2, the proportion of the inert component is such as the reactor operates essentially adiabatically. The present invention also relates to a similar process as above but the catalyst is: a crystalline silicate having a ratio Si/Al of at least 100, or a dealuminated crystalline silicate, or a phosphorus modified zeolite, the WHSV of the alcohol is at least 2 h−1 when the catalyst is a crystalline silicate having a ratio Si/Al of at least 100 or a dealuminated crystalline silicate. Advantageously the pressure of the dehydration reactor is high enough to help the recovery of the inert component and recycling thereof in the reactor of step a) without a gas compressor but only a pump.
摘要翻译：本发明（第一实施方案）涉及使至少一种醇脱水以制备至少一种烯烃的方法，其包括：a）在反应器中引入任选在水溶液中至少包含醇的流（A）和惰性组分，b）在有效使至少一部分醇脱水以制备烯烃的条件下使所述料流与催化剂在所述反应器中接触，c）从所述反应器回收包含惰性组分并且至少烯烃，水和任选未转化的醇，d）任选地将料流（B）分馏以回收未转化的醇并将所述未转化的醇再循环到步骤a）的反应器中，e）任选地将料流（B）分馏以回收惰性组分和烯烃，并将所述惰性组分再循环到步骤a）的反应器中，其中惰性组分选自乙烷，具有3至10个碳原子的烃，萘和CO 2，其比例惰性组分如反应器基本上绝热地进行操作。本发明还涉及上述类似的方法，但催化剂是：Si / Al比至少为100的结晶硅酸盐或脱铝结晶硅酸盐或磷改性沸石，醇的WHSV至少为 2 h-1，当催化剂是Si / Al比为至少100的结晶硅酸盐或脱铝结晶硅酸盐时。有利地，脱水反应器的压力足够高以帮助惰性组分的回收和在步骤a）的反应器中的回收，而没有气体压缩机，而仅仅是泵。

10. 发明申请

US20100292417A1 Phosphorus Modified Molecular Sieves, Their Use in Conversion of Organics to Olefins 有权
公开(公告)号：US20100292417A1
公开(公告)日：2010-11-18
申请号：US12671217
申请日：2008-07-28
申请人： Nikolai Nesterenko , Walter Vermeiren , Delphine Minoux , Sander Van Donk
发明人： Nikolai Nesterenko , Walter Vermeiren , Delphine Minoux , Sander Van Donk
IPC分类号： C01B39/10 , C07C1/00 , C08F2/00
CPC分类号： C07C1/322 , B01J29/40 , B01J29/85 , B01J2229/36 , B01J2229/37 , C01B39/026 , C07C1/20 , C07C1/22 , C07C1/26 , C07C2/06 , C07C4/06 , C07C7/04 , C07C2529/85 , C10G3/00 , C10G2300/202 , C10G2300/4081 , C10G2400/20 , Y02P20/52 , Y02P30/20 , Y02P30/42 , C07C11/02 , C07C11/06
摘要： The present invention is a phosphorous modified zeolite (A) made by a process comprising in that order: selecting a zeolite with low Si/Al ratio (advantageously lower than 30) among H+ or NH4+-form of MFI, MEL, FER, MOR, clinoptilolite, said zeolite having been made preferably without direct addition of organic template; steaming at a temperature ranging from 400 to 870° C. for 0.01-200 h; leaching with an aqueous acid solution containing the source of P at conditions effective to remove a substantial part of Al from the zeolite and to introduce at least 0.3 wt % of P; separation of the solid from the liquid; an optional washing step or an optional drying step or an optional drying step followed by a washing step; a calcination step. The present invention also relates to a process (hereunder referred as “XTO process”) for making an olefin product from an oxygen-containing, halogenide-containing or sulphur-containing organic feedstock wherein said oxygen-containing, halogenide-containing or sulphur-containing organic feedstock is contacted with the above catalyst (in the XTO reactor) under conditions effective to convert at least a portion of the oxygen-containing, halogenide-containing or sulphur-containing organic feedstock to olefin products (the XTO reactor effluent).The present invention also relates to a process (hereunder referred as “combined XTO and OCP process”) to make light olefins from an oxygen-containing, halogenide-containing or sulphur-containing organic feedstock comprising : contacting said oxygen-containing, halogenide-containing or sulphur-containing organic feedstock in the XTO reactor with the above catalyst at conditions effective to convert at least a portion of the feedstock to form an XTO reactor effluent comprising light olefins and a heavy hydrocarbon fraction;separating said light olefins from said heavy hydrocarbon fraction;contacting said heavy hydrocarbon fraction in the OCP reactor at conditions effective to convert at least a portion of said heavy hydrocarbon fraction to light olefins.

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