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1. 发明授权

US5672875A Methods of minimizing scattering and improving tissue sampling in non-invasive testing and imaging 失效
标题翻译：在非侵入性测试和成像中最小化散射和改善组织取样的方法
公开(公告)号：US5672875A
公开(公告)日：1997-09-30
申请号：US479955
申请日：1995-06-07
申请人： Myron J. Block , Lester Sodickson
发明人： Myron J. Block , Lester Sodickson
IPC分类号： G01N21/35 , A61B5/00 , A61B5/145 , A61B5/1455 , A61B5/1495 , A61B10/00 , G01N21/31 , G01N21/47 , G01N21/49 , G01N33/487 , G01J3/02
CPC分类号： A61B5/14532 , A61B5/0059 , A61B5/14546 , A61B5/14558 , G01N21/359 , G01N21/4795 , G01N21/49 , G01N2021/3137
摘要： An improved method and apparatus for use in optical testing of concentration in samples has been developed. The apparatus restricts the solid angle of illumination and the solid angle of detection to eliminate a high proportion of the scattered radiation while allowing the ballistic radiation and the snake-like radiation to be transmitted. In samples which contain multiple scattering centers, this allows less correction for variations in effective pathlength and allows easier calibration of the apparatus. The use of polarized radiation as a means of minimizing scattered radiation in the sample is also disclosed.
摘要翻译：已经开发了用于样品中浓度的光学测试的改进的方法和装置。该装置限制了立体照明角度和立体检测角度，以消除散射辐射的高比例，同时允许弹道辐射和蛇形辐射传播。在包含多个散射中心的样本中，这样可有效地校正光束长度的变化，并允许更容易校准仪器。还公开了使用偏振辐射作为使样品中的散射辐射最小化的手段。

2. 发明授权

US06420709B1 Methods of minimizing scattering and improving tissue sampling in non-invasive testing and imaging 失效
标题翻译：在非侵入性测试和成像中最小化散射和改善组织取样的方法
公开(公告)号：US06420709B1
公开(公告)日：2002-07-16
申请号：US09749331
申请日：2000-12-27
申请人： Myron J. Block , Lester Sodickson
发明人： Myron J. Block , Lester Sodickson
IPC分类号： G01J302
CPC分类号： G01N21/49 , A61B5/14532 , A61B5/14546 , A61B5/14558 , G01N21/359 , G01N21/4795 , G01N2021/3137
摘要： An improved method and apparatus for use in optical testing of concentration in samples has been developed. The apparatus restricts the solid angle of illumination and the solid angle of detection to eliminate a high proportion of the scattered radiation while allowing the ballistic radiation and the snake-like radiation to be transmitted. In samples which contain multiple scattering centers, this allows less correction for variations in effective pathlength and allows easier calibration of the apparatus. The use of polarized radiation as a means of minimizing scattered radiation in the sample is also disclosed.
摘要翻译：已经开发了用于样品中浓度的光学测试的改进的方法和装置。该装置限制了立体照明角度和立体检测角度，以消除散射辐射的高比例，同时允许弹道辐射和蛇形辐射传播。在包含多个散射中心的样本中，这样可有效地校正光束长度的变化，并允许更容易校准仪器。还公开了使用偏振辐射作为使样品中的散射辐射最小化的手段。

3. 发明授权

US6028311A Rapid non-invasive optical analysis using broad bandpass spectral processing 失效
标题翻译：使用宽带通光谱处理的快速无创光学分析
公开(公告)号：US6028311A
公开(公告)日：2000-02-22
申请号：US137857
申请日：1998-08-21
申请人： Lester Sodickson , Howard E. Guthermann , Myron J. Block
发明人： Lester Sodickson , Howard E. Guthermann , Myron J. Block
IPC分类号： A61B5/00 , G01N21/31 , G01N21/35 , G01N21/47 , G01N33/487
CPC分类号： G01N21/4795 , A61B5/0059 , A61B5/14532 , A61B5/14546 , A61B5/1455 , A61B5/6826 , A61B5/6838 , G01N21/31 , G01N21/359 , G01N2021/3137
摘要： The present invention provides a generally applicable apparatus and method for achieving measurements of a constituent in a sample. This is achieved by employing a detection means having a plurality of detectors responsive to radiation in a selected region of the spectrum, e.g., the infrared. In most embodiments, at least two of the detectors provide broad wavelength bandpass. If narrow bandpass sources or detectors are used, the information generated is processed in a manner similar to broadband information. The broad bandpass response of the detectors can be contrasted with the approach of classical spectrophotometry, in which the spectral response of the detectors is designed to be as narrow as feasible, and substantially narrower than the spectral features of the constituent or constituents of interest. The data is processed such that the contributions of known background constituents and scattering is eliminated prior to further processing, thereby yielding a better result in high background situations. The use of intensity processing rather than absorbance processing also allows the method and apparatus to be used in a variety of non-ideal situations.
摘要翻译：本发明提供了用于实现样品中成分的测量的通用的装置和方法。这通过采用具有响应于所选频谱范围内的辐射的多个检测器的检测装置来实现，例如红外线。在大多数实施例中，至少两个检测器提供宽波长带通。如果使用窄带通源或检测器，则以与宽带信息相似的方式处理所生成的信息。检测器的宽带通响应可以与经典分光光度法的方法形成对比，其中检测器的光谱响应设计为尽可能窄，并且基本上窄于所关注的成分或成分的光谱特征。处理数据使得已知背景成分和散射的贡献在进一步处理之前被消除，从而在高背景情况下产生更好的结果。强度处理而不是吸光度处理的使用也允许该方法和装置在各种非理想情况下使用。

4. 发明授权

US5818048A Rapid non-invasive optical analysis using broad bandpass spectral processing 失效
公开(公告)号：US5818048A
公开(公告)日：1998-10-06
申请号：US333758
申请日：1994-11-03
申请人： Lester Sodickson , Howard E. Guthermann , Myron J. Block
发明人： Lester Sodickson , Howard E. Guthermann , Myron J. Block
IPC分类号： A61B5/00 , G01N21/31 , G01N21/35 , G01N21/47 , G01N33/487
CPC分类号： G01N21/4795 , A61B5/0059 , A61B5/14532 , A61B5/14546 , A61B5/1455 , A61B5/6826 , A61B5/6838 , G01N21/31 , G01N21/359 , G01N2021/3137
摘要： The present invention provides a generally applicable apparatus and method for achieving measurements of a constituent in a sample. This is achieved by employing a detection means having a plurality of detectors responsive to radiation in a selected region of the spectrum, e.g., the infrared. In most embodiments, at least two of the detectors provide broad wavelength bandpass. If narrow bandpass sources or detectors are used, the information generated is processed in a manner similar to broadband information. The broad bandpass response of the detectors can be contrasted with the approach of classical spectrophotometry, in which the spectral response of the detectors is designed to be as narrow as feasible, and substantially narrower than the spectral features of the constituent or constituents of interest. The data is processed such that the contributions of known background constituents and scattering is eliminated prior to further processing, thereby yielding a better result in high background situations. The use of intensity processing rather than absorbance processing also allows the method and apparatus to be used in a variety of non-ideal situations.

5. 发明授权

US5434412A Non-spectrophotometric measurement of analyte concentrations and optical properties of objects 失效
标题翻译：非分光光度法测量物体的分析物浓度和光学性质
公开(公告)号：US5434412A
公开(公告)日：1995-07-18
申请号：US130257
申请日：1993-10-01
申请人： Lester Sodickson , Myron J. Block
发明人： Lester Sodickson , Myron J. Block
IPC分类号： G01N33/49 , A61B5/00 , A61B5/145 , A61B5/1455 , G01N21/27 , G01N21/31 , G01N21/35 , G01N21/47 , G01N21/64 , G01N33/487
CPC分类号： A61B5/1455 , A61B5/14532 , A61B5/14546 , A61B5/6826 , A61B5/6838 , G01N21/31 , G01N21/359 , G01N21/4795 , G01N2021/3137
摘要： Improvements in non-invasive detection methods for glucose and other constituents of interest in a sample have been developed. The apparatus and methods of the invention provide an analog of color perception of human vision, preferably in the near infrared region, replacing spectrophotometers and narrow band sources used in other non-invasive near infrared detection methods. A plurality of detector units are used, each covering a broad and overlapping region of the detected spectrum, paralleling color perception and colorimetry. The improvements are primarily concerned with improving the signal-to-background (or noise) ratio such that the data stream is improved. These improvements use congruent sampling, comparison of different data streams from different sample portions or filter sets, using an interrogation system with sufficient speed to allow testing of arterial blood, and using a filter with a spectral structure. In some circumstances, a neural net is used for analysis, allowing the system to learn. A novel method for background discrimination is also described.
摘要翻译：已经开发了对样品中葡萄糖和其他感兴趣成分的非侵入性检测方法的改进。本发明的装置和方法提供人类视觉的颜色感觉的模拟，优选在近红外区域，代替其它非侵入式近红外检测方法中使用的分光光度计和窄带光源。使用多个检测器单元，每个检测器单元覆盖检测到的光谱的宽且重叠的区域，并行色彩感知和比色法。这些改进主要涉及改善信号对背景（或噪声）比，使得数据流得到改善。这些改进使用一致的采样，使用具有足够速度的询问系统来对来自不同采样部分或滤波器组的不同数据流进行比较，以允许测试动脉血，并使用具有光谱结构的滤波器。在某些情况下，神经网络用于分析，允许系统学习。还描述了用于背景辨别的新颖方法。

6. 发明授权

US6064065A Methods of minimizing scattering and improving tissue sampling in non-invasive testing and imaging 失效
公开(公告)号：US6064065A
公开(公告)日：2000-05-16
申请号：US937934
申请日：1997-09-25
申请人： Myron J. Block , Lester Sodickson
发明人： Myron J. Block , Lester Sodickson
IPC分类号： G01N21/35 , A61B5/00 , A61B5/145 , A61B5/1455 , A61B5/1495 , A61B10/00 , G01N21/31 , G01N21/47 , G01N21/49 , G01N33/487 , G01J3/02
CPC分类号： A61B5/14532 , A61B5/0059 , A61B5/14546 , A61B5/14558 , G01N21/359 , G01N21/4795 , G01N21/49 , G01N2021/3137
摘要： An improved method and apparatus for use in optical testing of concentration in samples has been developed. The apparatus restricts the solid angle of illumination and the solid angle of detection to eliminate a high proportion of the scattered radiation while allowing the ballistic radiation and the snake-like radiation to be transmitted. In samples which contain multiple scattering centers, this allows less correction for variations in effective pathlength and allows easier calibration of the apparatus. The use of polarized radiation as a means of minimizing scattered radiation in the sample is also disclosed.

7. 发明授权

US5818044A Non-spectrophotometric measurement of analyte concentrations and optical properties of objects 失效
标题翻译：非分光光度法测量物体的分析物浓度和光学性质
公开(公告)号：US5818044A
公开(公告)日：1998-10-06
申请号：US383293
申请日：1995-02-02
申请人： Lester Sodickson , Myron J. Block
发明人： Lester Sodickson , Myron J. Block
IPC分类号： G01N33/49 , A61B5/00 , A61B5/145 , A61B5/1455 , G01N21/27 , G01N21/31 , G01N21/35 , G01N21/47 , G01N21/64 , G01N33/487
CPC分类号： A61B5/1455 , A61B5/14532 , A61B5/14546 , A61B5/6826 , A61B5/6838 , G01N21/31 , G01N21/359 , G01N21/4795 , G01N2021/3137
摘要： Improvement methods and apparatus for determination of optical properties of objects have been developed. The apparatus and methods of the invention provide an analog of color perception of human vision, preferably in the near infrared region, replacing spectrophotometers and narrow band sources used in other non-invasive near infrared detection methods. A plurality of detector units are used, each covering a broad and overlapping region of the detected spectrum, paralleling color perception and colorimetry. The improvements are primarily concerned with improving the signal-to-background (or noise) ratio such that the data stream is improved. These improvements use congruent sampling, comparison of different data streams from different sample portions or filter sets, using an interrogation system with sufficient speed to allow testing of arterial blood, and using a filter with a spectral structure. In some circumstances, a neural net is used for analysis, allowing the system to learn. A novel method for background discrimination is also described.
摘要翻译：已经开发了用于确定物体光学特性的改进方法和装置。本发明的装置和方法提供人类视觉的颜色感觉的模拟，优选在近红外区域，代替其它非侵入式近红外检测方法中使用的分光光度计和窄带光源。使用多个检测器单元，每个检测器单元覆盖检测到的光谱的宽且重叠的区域，并行色彩感知和比色法。这些改进主要涉及改善信号对背景（或噪声）比，使得数据流得到改善。这些改进使用一致的采样，使用具有足够速度的询问系统来对来自不同采样部分或滤波器组的不同数据流进行比较，以允许测试动脉血，并使用具有光谱结构的滤波器。在某些情况下，神经网络用于分析，允许系统学习。还描述了用于背景辨别的新颖方法。

8. 发明授权

US5424545A Non-invasive non-spectrophotometric infrared measurement of blood analyte concentrations 失效
标题翻译：非侵入性非分光光度法红外测量血液分析物浓度
公开(公告)号：US5424545A
公开(公告)日：1995-06-13
申请号：US182572
申请日：1994-01-14
申请人： Myron J. Block , Lester Sodickson
发明人： Myron J. Block , Lester Sodickson
IPC分类号： A61B5/00 , A61B5/145 , A61B5/1455 , G01N21/31 , G01N21/35 , G01N21/47 , G01N21/61 , G01N33/487
CPC分类号： G01N21/4795 , A61B5/14532 , A61B5/14546 , A61B5/1455 , A61B5/6826 , A61B5/6838 , G01N21/359 , G01N2021/3137
摘要： A new non-invasive non-spectrophotometric method for measuring the blood concentration of analytes such as glucose has been developed. The apparatus and methods of the invention exploit analogies with colorimetry and color perception to extract concentration measurements from the global structure of the intensity versus wavelength absorbance or transmission profile. A plurality of broad spectrum filters transmit distinguishably coded beams of radiation in overlapping portions of the spectrum to the sample. Radiation reflected or transmitted by the sample is detected and decoded. LED's may be used instead of the broad spectrum radiation generating device and the filters. Further, a scanning interferometer can be used as the illuminating and coding device. In a preferred mode, congruent illumination is utilized. The coded signals are analyzed by analogy to colorimetry and visual processing and can be converted into concentration measurements.
摘要翻译：已经开发了用于测量诸如葡萄糖的分析物的血液浓度的新的非侵入性非分光光度法。本发明的装置和方法利用比色和颜色感知的类比从强度对波长吸光度或透射曲线的全局结构提取浓度测量。多个广谱滤波器将光谱的重叠部分中的可分辨地编码的辐射束发射到样品。检测并解码由样本反射或发射的辐射。可以使用LED来代替广谱辐射发生装置和滤光器。此外，扫描干涉仪可以用作照明和编码装置。在优选的模式中，利用了一致的照明。编码信号通过与比色和视觉处理类似地进行分析，并可以转换为浓度测量。

9. 发明授权

US06992772B2 Method and apparatus for optical sampling to reduce interfering variances 失效
标题翻译：用于光学采样以减少干扰方差的方法和装置
公开(公告)号：US06992772B2
公开(公告)日：2006-01-31
申请号：US10601254
申请日：2003-06-19
申请人： Myron J. Block
发明人： Myron J. Block
IPC分类号： G01N21/55
CPC分类号： A61B5/6826 , A61B5/14552 , A61B5/6838 , G01N21/01
摘要： The present invention relates to a method and apparatus of that utilizes a reflective enclosure to simulate optical homogeneity in an otherwise inhomogeneous sample. The illumination sources and sample are placed within the reflective enclosure, thus providing a method for examining a sample that is different from transmission, reflection or transflection. This apparatus and method are particularly well adapted to in vivo non-invasive testing for constituents of blood.
摘要翻译：本发明涉及利用反射外壳来模拟否则不均匀样品中光学均匀性的方法和装置。将照明源和样品放置在反射外壳内，从而提供一种检查与透射，反射或透射不同的样品的方法。该装置和方法特别适用于血液成分的体内非侵入性测试。

10. 发明授权

US6008057A Immunoassay system 失效
标题翻译：免疫测定系统
公开(公告)号：US6008057A
公开(公告)日：1999-12-28
申请号：US406380
申请日：1995-03-17
申请人： Thomas R. Glass , Myron J. Block
发明人： Thomas R. Glass , Myron J. Block
IPC分类号： G01N33/542 , G01N33/543 , G01N33/557 , G01N33/53
CPC分类号： G01N33/54373 , G01N33/542 , Y10S435/973 , Y10S436/80 , Y10S436/805
摘要： Disclosed is a method of assaying, in assay apparatus, for at least the ligand intended to be used to assay analyte in a sample, with which analyte the ligand will specifically bind. The method provides a product in which a ligand is labeled with a detectable tag and is immobilized on an appropriate substrate. An assay is made to measure the immobilized, labeled ligand by detecting the tag labeling the latter. The product can then be used to assay for the analyte by contacting the latter so as to form a complex. The extent and rate of specific binding of the analyte in the complex is identifiable, either by competition assay or sandwich assay as a rate of change, so the relative proportions of analyte and ligand are readily determinable.
摘要翻译：公开了一种在测定装置中至少测定用于测定样品中的分析物的配体的方法，配体将与其配体将特异性结合。该方法提供了其中配体用可检测标签标记并固定在合适的底物上的产物。通过检测标记后者的标签来测定固定的标记的配体。然后可以将该产物用于通过与后者接触来测定分析物以便形成复合物。通过竞争测定或夹心测定作为变化率，分析物在复合物中的特异性结合的程度和速率是可识别的，因此分析物和配体的相对比例容易确定。

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