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1. 发明授权

US5084911A X-ray phototimer 失效
标题翻译： X射线照相机
公开(公告)号：US5084911A
公开(公告)日：1992-01-28
申请号：US295616
申请日：1989-01-10
申请人： Muhammed I. Sezan , Ralph Schaetzing , William E. Moore , Lee F. Frank
发明人： Muhammed I. Sezan , Ralph Schaetzing , William E. Moore , Lee F. Frank
IPC分类号： H05G1/30 , H05G1/26 , H05G1/44 , H05G1/46
CPC分类号： H05G1/26 , H05G1/44 , H05G1/46
摘要： A phototimer for controlling x-ray exposure includes an array of x-ray sensors, and digital processing electronics for calculating x-ray exposure by selecting one or more signals from the x-ray sensors, and calculating the x-ray exposure from the selected signals. After calculating the x-ray exposure, the calculated exposure is employed to control the x-ray exposure either by displaying the calculated exposure to an operator who compares the calculated exposure with a desired exposure and repeats the exposure if necessary, or by automatically terminating the exposure by sending a control signal to the x-ray source. The improvement in the state of x-ray phototimer technology resides in the automatic selection of a subset of signals from a plurality of photosensors, thereby improving the reliability of the measurement. In prior art devices, the signals from a plurality of sensors were either selected manually by a switch, or all employed in a predetermined algorithm.
摘要翻译：用于控制X射线曝光的光速计包括一组X射线传感器和数字处理电子设备，用于通过从X射线传感器中选择一个或多个信号来计算x射线曝光，并从所选择的X射线传感器中计算x射线曝光信号。在计算x射线曝光后，采用计算曝光来控制X射线曝光，方法是将计算出的曝光显示给操作人员，将操作者将计算曝光与所需曝光进行比较，并在必要时重复曝光，或者通过自动终止通过向x射线源发送控制信号来进行曝光。 X射线光速技术状态的改善在于自动选择来自多个光电传感器的信号子集，从而提高了测量的可靠性。在现有技术的装置中，来自多个传感器的信号是由开关手动选择的，或者以预定算法使用的信号。

2. 发明授权

US4731863A Digital image processing method employing histogram peak detection 失效
标题翻译：采用直方图峰值检测的数字图像处理方法
公开(公告)号：US4731863A
公开(公告)日：1988-03-15
申请号：US848509
申请日：1986-04-07
申请人： Muhammed I. Sezan , Ralph Schaetzing
发明人： Muhammed I. Sezan , Ralph Schaetzing
IPC分类号： G06T7/00 , G06T5/40 , H04N5/32 , G06K9/52
CPC分类号： G06T7/0081 , H04N5/32 , G06T2207/20148
摘要： In many digital image processing methods, it is desirable to selectively apply digital image processing to identifiable structures in the image. For this purpose it is known to select gray level thresholds between structures based upon the location of corresponding peaks in the gray level histogram of the digital image. However, it is a problem to automatically detect the locations of peaks in the histogram and to select the gray level thresholds. The present invention provides a method for automatically detecting the peaks and selecting gray level thresholds for segmenting a digital image into distinguishable structures including the steps of detecting peaks in a gray level histogram of the digital image by applying smoothing and differencing operators to the gray level histogram to generate a peak detection function wherein positive to negative zero crossings of the peak detection function represent the start of a peak, and maxima following such a zero crossing represents the end of a peak.
摘要翻译：在许多数字图像处理方法中，期望将数字图像处理选择性地应用于图像中的可识别结构。为此，已知基于数字图像的灰度级直方图中相应峰值的位置来选择结构之间的灰度级阈值。但是，自动检测直方图中峰的位置并选择灰度级阈值是一个问题。本发明提供了一种用于自动检测峰值并选择用于将数字图像分割成可区分结构的灰度级阈值的方法，其包括通过将平滑和差分运算符应用于灰度级直方图来检测数字图像的灰度级直方图中的峰值的步骤以产生峰值检测功能，其中峰值检测功能的正到负的过零点表示峰的开始，并且在这样的零交叉之后的最大值代表峰的结束。

3. 发明授权

US5124913A Rule-based technique to automatically determine the final scan gain in storage phosphor radiography 失效
标题翻译：基于规则的技术自动确定存储磷光体的最终扫描增益
公开(公告)号：US5124913A
公开(公告)日：1992-06-23
申请号：US451916
申请日：1989-12-18
申请人： Muhammed I. Sezan , Ralph Schaetzing
发明人： Muhammed I. Sezan , Ralph Schaetzing
IPC分类号： G21K4/00 , A61B6/00 , G01T1/00 , G01T1/29 , G03B42/02 , G06T1/00 , G06T5/40 , H04N5/30
CPC分类号： G01T1/2014 , G06T5/009 , G06T5/40
摘要： In storage phosphor radiography, a portion of the x-ray energy transmitted through the subject is absorbed by a storage phosphor plate. When stimulated by visible light of the right wavelength, the phosphor plate emits light (at another wavelength) in proportion to the absorbed energy. To obtain the radiographic image, the plate can be scanned in a raster fashion and the emitted light can be photoelectrically detected. The detected signal is then amplified, digitized, processed and finally printed on film, or displayed on a cathode ray tube (CRT). Setting the amplification gain of this scanning process, the so-called final scan (or final read-out) gain, is of interest in maximizing the information extracted from the phosphor. One method of setting the final scan gain invokes the use of a preliminary read-out (pre-scan). A pre-scan can be conducted on the phosphor plate by use of a stimulating ray having a stimulating energy lower than the stimulating energy in the final scan. The present invention provides a technique that uses the pre-scan image histogram to automatically determine the final scan gain in storage phosphor radiography.
摘要翻译：在存储磷光体照相术中，穿过被摄体的X射线能量的一部分被存储磷光体板吸收。当由正确波长的可见光刺激时，磷光体板以与吸收能量成比例的方式发光（在另一波长处）。为了获得放射线照相图像，可以以光栅方式扫描印版，并且可以对光发射的光进行光电检测。然后将检测到的信号放大，数字化，处理并最终印刷在膜上，或显示在阴极射线管（CRT）上。设置该扫描过程的放大增益，即所谓的最终扫描（或最终读出）增益，最大化从磷光体提取的信息。设置最终扫描增益的一种方法是调用初步读出（预扫描）的使用。可以通过使用在最终扫描中具有低于刺激能量的刺激能量的刺激光线在磷光体板上进行预扫描。本发明提供了使用预扫描图像直方图自动确定存储磷光体照相术中的最终扫描增益的技术。

4. 发明授权

US5046118A Tone-scale generation method and apparatus for digital x-ray images 失效
标题翻译：用于数字X射线图像的色调生成方法和装置
公开(公告)号：US5046118A
公开(公告)日：1991-09-03
申请号：US475522
申请日：1990-02-06
申请人： Isaac A. Ajewole , Ralph Schaetzing
发明人： Isaac A. Ajewole , Ralph Schaetzing
IPC分类号： A61B6/00 , G01T1/00 , G01T1/29 , G03B42/02 , G06T1/00 , G06T5/00 , G06T5/40 , G09G5/00 , G09G5/10 , G09G5/36 , G21K4/00 , H04N1/407
CPC分类号： G06T5/008 , G01T1/2014 , G06T5/40 , G06T2207/10116
摘要： In any digital imaging system, the digital input signals must be converted to a visible image on some output material or medium. Because the range of this output medium is usually not the same as the input image range, care must be taken in converting the digital input signals into output signals. This conversion is done via the tone-scale transformation function. The type of tone-scale transformation function used largely determines the quality of the output image. A well designed tone-scale transformation function must ensure good contrast, no clipping and the display of the minimum and maximum densities that are present in the input. This invention deals with a reliable and robust technique of generating the tone-scale transformation function for digital projection X-ray input images. The method is based on the histogram entropy of the input image.
摘要翻译：在任何数字成像系统中，数字输入信号必须在某些输出材料或介质上转换为可见图像。由于此输出介质的范围通常与输入图像范围不同，因此必须注意将数字输入信号转换为输出信号。该转换通过色阶转换功能完成。所使用的色阶变换功能的类型在很大程度上决定了输出图像的质量。精心设计的色阶变换功能必须确保良好的对比度，无剪切和显示输入中存在的最小和最大密度。本发明涉及一种用于数字投影X射线输入图像生成色阶变换函数的可靠且鲁棒的技术。该方法基于输入图像的直方图熵。

5. 发明授权

US5268967A Method for automatic foreground and background detection in digital radiographic images 失效
标题翻译：数字放射影像自动前景和背景检测方法
公开(公告)号：US5268967A
公开(公告)日：1993-12-07
申请号：US906191
申请日：1992-06-29
申请人： Ben K. Jang , Ralph Schaetzing
发明人： Ben K. Jang , Ralph Schaetzing
IPC分类号： A61B6/00 , G01B15/00 , G06T1/00 , G06T5/00 , G06T7/60 , G06K9/34 , G06F15/42
CPC分类号： G06T7/0081 , G06T7/0012 , G06T2207/10116 , G06T2207/20141 , G06T2207/20144 , G06T2207/30004
摘要： A digital image processing method automatically separates (segments) the desired regions in a digital radiographic image (i.e., the body part being imaged) from the undesired regions (background areas around the body part that have received unattenuated radiation or foreground areas that have received very little radiation due to the use of radiation limiting devices). The method includes the steps of edge detection, block generation, block classification, block refinement and bit map generation.
摘要翻译：数字图像处理方法将数字放射线照相图像（即正在成像的身体部分）中的期望区域自动地分离（分段）不期望的区域（身体部分周围的接收未衰减的辐射或已经接收的前景区域的背景区域由于使用辐射限制装置而导致的辐射很少）。该方法包括边缘检测（24），块生成（26），块分类（28），块细化（30）和位图生成（32）的步骤。

6. 发明授权

US5164993A Method and apparatus for automatic tonescale generation in digital radiographic images 失效
标题翻译：用于数字放射照相图像中自动色阶产生的方法和装置
公开(公告)号：US5164993A
公开(公告)日：1992-11-17
申请号：US797615
申请日：1991-11-25
申请人： John R. Capozzi , Ralph Schaetzing
发明人： John R. Capozzi , Ralph Schaetzing
IPC分类号： A61B6/00 , G06T1/00 , G06T5/00 , G06T5/40 , H04N1/407
CPC分类号： G06T5/008 , G06T5/40 , G06T2207/10116 , G06T2207/20144 , Y10S378/901
摘要： A method and apparatus for automatically and adaptively generating tonescale transformation functions that are robust with respect to imaging systems, exposure conditions, and body parts. The technique uses the histogram of the digital input image, the cumulative distribution function of the histogram, and the entropy of subsections of the histogram to create the final tonescale transformation. Using these three functions, the histogram can be divided into a region of interest, a low-signal foreground region, and a high-signal background region. The tonescale is constructed to be substantially linear over the region of interest, joining smoothly with a nonlinear portion extending from the end of the low-signal foreground region to the start of the region of interest, and another nonlinear portion of the high-signal background region. The substantially linear region of interest and the entire image are subject to certain output density constraints to optimize the diagnostic utility of the final image. The technique depends entirely on the histogram of the input image, and, hence, it is adaptive and robust.
摘要翻译：一种用于自动和自适应地生成相对于成像系统，曝光条件和身体部分是鲁棒的色阶变换函数的方法和装置。该技术使用数字输入图像的直方图，直方图的累积分布函数和直方图的子部分的熵来创建最终色阶变换。使用这三个函数，直方图可以分为感兴趣区域，低信号前景区域和高信号背景区域。色阶被构造为在感兴趣区域上基本上是线性的，与从低信号前景区域的末端延伸到感兴趣区域的开始处的非线性部分平滑地连接，并且高信号背景的另一个非线性部分地区。基本线性的感兴趣区域和整个图像受到某些输出密度约束，以优化最终图像的诊断效用。该技术完全取决于输入图像的直方图，因此，它是自适应和鲁棒的。

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