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1. 发明授权

US06519064B1 Scalable add/drop architecture for lightwave communication system 有权
标题翻译：用于光波通信系统的可扩展的分插架构
公开(公告)号：US06519064B1
公开(公告)日：2003-02-11
申请号：US09336543
申请日：1999-06-19
申请人： Mohammad Taghi Fatehi , Bruce Lee Nelson
发明人： Mohammad Taghi Fatehi , Bruce Lee Nelson
IPC分类号： H04J1402
CPC分类号： H04J14/0291 , H04J14/021 , H04J14/0213 , H04J14/0219 , H04J14/0227 , H04J14/0241 , H04J14/0283
摘要： A scalable, reconfigurable, and cost-effective add/drop arrangement is provided which enables a wavelength division multiplexed (WDM) system to be upgraded to accommodate new or changing add/drop requirements without disruptions in existing service. The add/drop arrangement is based on a modular architecture wherein one or more modular optical routing devices are coupled in an optical fiber path to facilitate the selective adding/dropping of individual optical channels and to facilitate in-service upgrades without disrupting existing transmissions in the optical fiber path. In an exemplary embodiment, at least two directional optical transfer devices, such as optical circulators, are coupled to a drop path for dropping optical channels from the WDM signal, an add path for receiving optical channels to be added to the WDM signal, and a common path between the directional optical transfer devices. In the common path, at least one optical routing module is employed which is capable of receiving the WDM signal at an input and routing or otherwise switching the WDM signal to outputs, each of which can be coupled to one or more wavlength-selective modules. Each wavelength-selective module can be configured with an arrangement of optical filters, such as fiber gratings, and optical switches to facilitate the selective adding and dropping of one or more individual optical channels. Importantly, the optical routing module includes additional outputs for coupling to additional optical routing modules, additional wavelength-selective modules, and other components in order to accommodate changing add/drop requirements, which is an anticipated characteristic especially of metropolitan optical networks.
摘要翻译：提供了可扩展的，可重新配置的和具有成本效益的添加/删除布置，其使得能够升级波分复用（WDM）系统以适应新的或改变的添加/删除要求，而不会中断现有服务。分插布置基于模块化架构，其中一个或多个模块化光路由设备以光纤路径耦合以便于各个光信道的选择性添加/删除，并且便于在线升级，而不会中断现有的传输光纤路径。在示例性实施例中，诸如光循环器的至少两个定向光传输设备被耦合到用于从WDM信号丢弃光信道的丢弃路径，用于接收要添加到WDM信号的光信道的添加路径，以及方向光学传输装置之间的公共路径。在公共路径中，使用至少一个光路由模块，其能够在输入处接收WDM信号，并且将WDM信号路由或以其他方式切换到输出，每个输出可以耦合到一个或多个波长长度选择模块。每个波长选择模块可以配置有诸如光纤光栅的光学滤波器和光学开关的布置，以便于选择性地添加和丢弃一个或多个单个光学通道。重要的是，光路由模块包括用于耦合到附加光路由模块，附加波长选择模块和其他组件的附加输出，以便适应改变的添加/丢弃要求，这是特别是大城市光网络的预期特征。

2. 发明授权

US06317255B1 Method and apparatus for controlling optical signal power in response to faults in an optical fiber path 失效
标题翻译：响应于光纤路径中的故障来控制光信号功率的方法和装置
公开(公告)号：US06317255B1
公开(公告)日：2001-11-13
申请号：US09067909
申请日：1998-04-28
申请人： Mohammad Taghi Fatehi , Bruce Lee Nelson , Kamal Kumar Raychaudhuri
发明人： Mohammad Taghi Fatehi , Bruce Lee Nelson , Kamal Kumar Raychaudhuri
IPC分类号： H01S330
CPC分类号： H04B10/2931 , H04B10/071 , H04B10/291 , H04B10/2912 , H04B2210/003
摘要： Automatic reduction of optical signal power supplied by an upstream network element by a prescribed amount is achieved by capturing and processing reflected optical energy that is generated within the optical fiber path as a result of a downstream fiber cut, open connector, or other potentially hazardous discontinuity. Generally, the power level of the reflected optical signal is detected and measured in the optical fiber path and the optical signal power supplied by the upstream network element is automatically reduced. The optical signal power may either be reduced by an amount corresponding to the measured reflected optical signal power or may be completely shut off until the faulty condition is resolved. In one illustrative embodiment, an apparatus for automatically reducing or shutting off the optical signal power supplied by an upstream network element includes a directional optical transfer device disposed along the optical fiber path and coupled to the output of a network element, an optical power monitor for measuring the reflected optical energy received via the directional optical coupler as a result of a downstream fiber discontinuity, and control circuitry coupled between the power monitor and the network element to control the optical signal power being supplied by the network element based on the monitored power level of the reflected optical signal. The control circuitry may be analog, digital, or may be implemented using a microprocessor operating under software or firmware program control.
摘要翻译：通过捕获和处理由于下游光纤切断，开放连接器或其他潜在的危险中断而在光纤路径内产生的反射光能量来实现由上游网络提供的光信号功率的自动降低规定量。通常，在光纤路径中检测和测量反射光信号的功率电平，并且由上游网络元件提供的光信号功率自动降低。光信号功率可以减小对应于测量的反射光信号功率的量，或者可以完全关闭，直到故障状况被解决。在一个说明性实施例中，用于自动减少或关闭由上游网络元件提供的光信号功率的装置包括沿着光纤路径设置并耦合到网元的输出的定向光传输装置，用于测量作为下游光纤不连续性的结果通过定向光耦合器接收的反射光能，以及耦合在功率监视器和网络元件之间的控制电路，以基于所监视的功率电平来控制网络元件提供的光信号功率的反射光信号。控制电路可以是模拟的，数字的，或者可以使用在软件或固件程序控制下操作的微处理器来实现。

3. 发明授权

US06192172B1 Optical wavelength-space cross-connect switch architecture 有权
标题翻译：光波长空间交叉连接交换机架构
公开(公告)号：US06192172B1
公开(公告)日：2001-02-20
申请号：US09370824
申请日：1999-08-09
申请人： Mohammad Taghi Fatehi , Wayne Harvey Knox
发明人： Mohammad Taghi Fatehi , Wayne Harvey Knox
IPC分类号： G02B626
CPC分类号： H04Q11/0005 , G02B6/022
摘要： A multi-wavelength optical cross-connect switch architecture incorporates a plurality of wavelength-selective optical cross-connect (WSXC) switch fabrics that receive multi-wavelength input signals distributed by one or more optical slicers and generate multi-wavelength output signals that are combined by a plurality of optical combiners. The WSXC fabrics employ fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs) as wavelength-selective elements. Using this architecture, the number of multi-wavelength channels carried by each WSXC is reduced from the number of channels present in each multi-wavelength input signal. In addition, the wavelength spacing between adjacent channels carried by each WSXC is increased over the spacing between adjacent channels in each multi-wavelength input signal.
摘要翻译：多波长光交叉开关架构结合了多个波长选择性交叉连接（WSXC）交换结构，其接收由一个或多个光学限幅器分配的多波长输入信号并产生组合的多波长输出信号通过多个光学组合器。 WSXC结构采用光纤布拉格光栅（FBG）作为波长选择元件。使用这种结构，每个WSXC携带的多波长信道的数量从存在于每个多波长输入信号中的信道的数量减少。另外，每个WSXC所携带的相邻信道之间的波长间隔在每个多波长输入信号中相邻信道之间的间隔增加。

4. 发明授权

US6008934A Shared-pump multi-fiber optical amplifier 失效
标题翻译：共泵多光纤光放大器
公开(公告)号：US6008934A
公开(公告)日：1999-12-28
申请号：US966423
申请日：1997-11-07
申请人： Mohammad Taghi Fatehi , Neil Jackman , Andrew Jozan , Virginia Laura Nichols , Sunita H. Patel , Mario Alberto Restrepo , Ravindra K. Vora
发明人： Mohammad Taghi Fatehi , Neil Jackman , Andrew Jozan , Virginia Laura Nichols , Sunita H. Patel , Mario Alberto Restrepo , Ravindra K. Vora
IPC分类号： H01S3/094 , H01S3/23 , H01J3/30 , G02B6/26
CPC分类号： H01S3/094003 , H01S3/094061 , H01S3/2383
摘要： The subject matter is directed to a parallel array of optical amplifiers and is also directed to equally sharing the optical power supplied by a plurality of optical pumps among the array of optical amplifiers such that if one of the pumps fails the power outputted by the remaining pumps is still equally shared among the array of optical amplifiers.
摘要翻译：该主题涉及光放大器的并行阵列，并且还涉及在光放大器阵列之间平均分配由多个光泵提供的光功率，使得如果其中一个泵故障由剩余泵输出的功率在光放大器阵列中仍然是平等共享的。

5. 发明授权

US06600583B1 Optical internet router 失效
标题翻译：光互联网路由器
公开(公告)号：US06600583B1
公开(公告)日：2003-07-29
申请号：US09406520
申请日：1999-09-28
申请人： Mohammad Taghi Fatehi , Kazem Anaraky Sohraby
发明人： Mohammad Taghi Fatehi , Kazem Anaraky Sohraby
IPC分类号： H04J1402
CPC分类号： H04J14/0227 , H04J14/0241 , H04J14/0284 , H04Q11/0005 , H04Q11/0062 , H04Q2011/0077 , H04Q2011/0088
摘要： An optical internet router apparatus uses optical tags to send and receive command and response messages between routers of an optical network for establishing, maintaining or changing a packet data connection over the network between a source router and a destination router. The optical router comprises (1) optical tag apparatus for reading a message and writing a message modulated on one or more wavelengths which are used for communicating with another router of a network connection, the control message being modulated onto the one or more wavelengths using a secondary modulation scheme which is different from a primary modulation used to modulate packet data; and (2) a controller responsive to a received read message for controlling a network connection at this router, and for generating a network control message to be written by the optical tag apparatus, the generated message controlling a network connection to said another router.
摘要翻译：光学互联网路由器设备使用光标签在光网络的路由器之间发送和接收命令和响应消息，用于建立，维护或改变源路由器和目的地路由器之间的网络上的分组数据连接。光路由器包括：（1）用于读取消息并写入用于与网络连接的另一个路由器进行通信的一个或多个波长上调制的消息的光标签装置，该控制消息被调制到一个或多个波长上，使用二次调制方案与用于调制分组数据的一次调制不同; 以及（2）响应于所接收的读取消息来控制在该路由器处的网络连接并且用于生成要由光学标签装置写入的网络控制消息的控制器，所生成的消息控制到所述另一个路由器的网络连接。

6. 发明授权

US6067389A Wavelength-selective optical cross-connect 失效
标题翻译：波长选择光交叉连接
公开(公告)号：US6067389A
公开(公告)日：2000-05-23
申请号：US123085
申请日：1998-07-27
申请人： Mohammad Taghi Fatehi , Wayne Harvey Knox
发明人： Mohammad Taghi Fatehi , Wayne Harvey Knox
IPC分类号： H04B10/02 , G02B6/293 , G02B6/34 , G02B6/35 , G02F1/313 , H04Q3/52 , H04Q11/00 , G02B6/26
CPC分类号： H04Q11/0005 , G02B6/2932 , G02B6/29322 , G02F1/3131 , G02F2201/307 , G02F2203/055 , H04Q2011/0022 , H04Q2011/0035
摘要： An optical switch includes an optical router portion for distributing multi-wavelength optical signals received at input ports of the switch, an optical combiner portion for supplying multi-wavelength signals at the output ports of the switch, and optical fibers for interconnecting the optical router portion and optical combiner portion. Selected ones of the interconnecting optical fibers include wavelength-selective elements, such as fiber gratings, which are capable of transmitting or reflecting individual channels within the multi-wavelength optical signal so that a selected channel of a particular wavelength can be routed from any of the input ports to any of the output ports of the switch. In one exemplary embodiment, the optical router portion includes a plurality of input optical couplers, wherein each input optical coupler is associated with a corresponding input port of the optical switch. Similarly, the optical combiner portion includes a plurality of output optical couplers, wherein each output optical coupler is associated with a corresponding output port of the optical switch. Each input optical coupler together with its associated fiber gratings on the interconnecting optical fibers is used for distributing the signals received via the input ports while each output optical coupler together with its associated fiber gratings is used for combining the signals to be supplied at the output ports of the switch.
摘要翻译：一种光学开关包括用于分配在开关的输入端口处接收的多波长光信号的光路由器部分，用于在开关的输出端口处提供多波长信号的光合成器部分，以及用于互连光路由器部分和光组合器部分。互连光纤中的选定的光纤包括诸如光纤光栅的波长选择元件，其能够传输或反射多波长光信号内的各个通道，使得特定波长的所选通道可以从输入端口到交换机的任何输出端口。在一个示例性实施例中，光路由器部分包括多个输入光耦合器，其中每个输入光耦合器与光开关的对应输入端口相关联。类似地，光组合器部分包括多个输出光耦合器，其中每个输出光耦合器与光开关的对应输出端口相关联。每个输入光耦合器和互连光纤上的相关联的光纤光栅用于分配经由输入端口接收的信号，而每个输出光耦合器及其相关联的光纤光栅用于组合要在输出端口处提供的信号的开关。

7. 发明授权

US6002818A Free-space optical signal switch arrangement 失效
标题翻译：自由空间光信号开关布置
公开(公告)号：US6002818A
公开(公告)日：1999-12-14
申请号：US985618
申请日：1997-12-05
申请人： Mohammad Taghi Fatehi , Joseph Earl Ford
发明人： Mohammad Taghi Fatehi , Joseph Earl Ford
IPC分类号： G02B26/08 , H04Q11/00 , G02B6/26
CPC分类号： H04Q11/0005 , H04Q2011/0024 , H04Q2011/0026
摘要： A free-space N by M, where N and M>1, optical signal switch (OXC) requires only transmitter beam steering for controlling to which receiver an optical signal from a transmitter is directed. In a preferred embodiment the transmitters handle single mode optical signals and the receivers handle multimode optical signals. The OXC may optionally include a fixed optical unit implemented using either a single fixed shared lens or a plurality of M optical elements for further directing each of the M optical signals to their respective receivers.
摘要翻译： M的自由空间N，其中N和M> 1，光信号切换（OXC）仅需要发射机波束控制，以便控制来自发射机的光信号到哪个接收机。在优选实施例中，发射机处理单模光信号，并且接收器处理多模光信号。 OXC可以可选地包括使用单个固定共享透镜或多个M个光学元件实现的固定光学单元，用于进一步将每个M个光学信号引导到它们各自的接收器。

8. 发明申请

US20230033719A1 PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT THAT EMPLOYS AN ELECTRIC FIELD FOR INACTIVATING MICROORGANISMS 有权
公开(公告)号：US20230033719A1
公开(公告)日：2023-02-02
申请号：US17966801
申请日：2022-10-15
申请人： Saied Tousi , Mohammad Taghi Fatehi
发明人： Saied Tousi , Mohammad Taghi Fatehi
IPC分类号： A62B23/02 , A41D13/11 , B01D46/00 , B01D39/16
摘要： A mask with at least one filtering layer that includes a fabric made of non-conductive polymer fibers embedded with nanoparticles of two different metals is provided. The population density of the nanoparticles of the two metals on the surface of non-conductive polymer fibers is configured such that the adjacent nanoparticles of the two metals have an average distance of two micrometers or less. The two different metals are selected such that the electric field intensity generated between the nanoparticles of the two different metal through the aerosol particle inactivates the microorganisms that may be inside the aerosol particle. When an aerosol particle comes into contact with the nanoparticles of the two metals, the aerosol acts as an electrolyte between the two metal types and a potential difference and an electric field is generated, through the aerosol particle, between the nanoparticles of the two metals.

9. 发明授权

US11471713B2 Personal protective equipment that employs an electric field for inactivating microorganisms 有权
公开(公告)号：US11471713B2
公开(公告)日：2022-10-18
申请号：US17561407
申请日：2021-12-23
申请人： Mohammad Taghi Fatehi , Saied Tousi
发明人： Mohammad Taghi Fatehi , Saied Tousi
IPC分类号： B01D53/02 , A62B23/02 , A62B18/08 , B03C3/32 , B03C3/68 , B03C3/017 , B01D39/16 , A41D13/11 , B01D46/00
摘要： A macro electrically active mask includes two conductive layers separated by at least one filtering and insulating layer. The conductive layers are connected to each other by a power source. The power source includes an oscillator and a high voltage transformer. The power source generates a periodic voltage with a fundamental frequency and multiple harmonic frequencies. The power source is connected between the two conductive layers and the periodic voltage generates a periodic electric field between the two conductive layers. The fundamental frequency, the duty cycle, and the amplitude of the periodic voltage are configured to inactivate the microorganism that pass through the electric field.

10. 发明授权

US06600581B1 Connection verification in optical cross-connect arrangements 有权
标题翻译：光交叉连接中的连接验证
公开(公告)号：US06600581B1
公开(公告)日：2003-07-29
申请号：US09386761
申请日：1999-08-31
申请人： Mohammad Taghi Fatehi , Victor Bernard Lawrence , Kazem Anaraky Sohraby
发明人： Mohammad Taghi Fatehi , Victor Bernard Lawrence , Kazem Anaraky Sohraby
IPC分类号： H04B1008
CPC分类号： H04Q11/0005 , H04Q2011/0041 , H04Q2011/0043 , H04Q2011/0073 , H04Q2011/0083
摘要： A method is provided for verifying that optical signals are properly routed between inputs and outputs of an optical cross-connect according to the prescribed routing paths defined in the cross-connect map. More specifically, optical signals are independently tagged at the cross-connect input ports with connection verification messages containing identification information. Connection verification messages can include, among other information, a message identification, incoming and outgoing wavelength information, incoming and outgoing port information, a time stamp, user verification data, and so on. At the cross-connect output ports, the messages are retrieved (and optionally removed) from the optical signals so that the identification information from the retrieved messages can be compared to the routing defined in the cross-connect map. If an optical signal is verified as not being routed according to the prescribed connection defined in the cross-connect map, then remedial action, such as tearing down the connection, can be initiated. By applying the tag to the optical signal, cross-connections can be verified in cross-connect applications employing one optical signal (i.e., wavelength) at each input and output port or applications employing a WDM signal having many optical channels of different wavelengths at each input and output port.
摘要翻译：提供了一种用于根据交叉连接图中定义的规定路由路径来验证光信号在光交叉连接的输入和输出之间正确路由的方法。更具体地，光信号在交叉连接输入端口处被独立地标记，其中包含识别信息的连接验证消息。连接验证消息可以包括消息标识，输入和输出波长信息，输入和输出端口信息，时间戳，用户验证数据等。在交叉连接输出端口，消息被从光信号中检索（并且可选地除去），使得来自检索到的消息的标识信息可以与交叉连接映射中定义的路由进行比较。如果光信号根据交叉连接图中定义的规定被验证为不被路由，则可以启动诸如拆卸连接的补救措施。通过将标签应用于光信号，可以在交叉连接应用中验证交叉连接，该交叉连接应用在每个输入和输出端口处使用一个光信号（即，波长），或者在每个输入和输出端口采用具有多个不同波长的光信道的WDM信号输入输出端口。

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