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1. 发明授权

US06476596B1 Method and apparatus for detection of terahertz electric fields using polarization-sensitive excitonic electroabsorption 失效
标题翻译：使用极化敏感激子电吸收检测太赫兹电场的方法和装置
公开(公告)号：US06476596B1
公开(公告)日：2002-11-05
申请号：US09459386
申请日：1999-12-06
申请人： Michael Wraback , Paul Shen , Mitra Dutta
发明人： Michael Wraback , Paul Shen , Mitra Dutta
IPC分类号： G01R3102
CPC分类号： B82Y20/00 , G01N21/3581 , H01L31/035236
摘要： A terahertz electromagnetic energy detector comprises a (100) oriented multiple quantum well thermally bonded to a first transparent substrate having a direction dependent thermal coefficient of expansion such that this coefficient matches the thermal coefficient of expansion of MQW in one direction but different form the direction-dependent thermal coefficient of expansion of the MQW in a perpendicular direction. The resultant internal thermally induced anisotropic strain leads to a polarization dependence of the optical absorption that is strongest near the lowest heavy-hole and light-hole exciton peaks. A second transparent substrate is placed beneath the first transparent substrate and is oriented so that its thermal coefficients of expansion act in a direction perpendicular to those of the first transparent substrate so that the accumulated phase retardation of the optical wave associated with birefringence of the substrate is effectively cancelled. A transverse electric and electromagnetic field is applied across the plane of the quantum well layers to ionize the excitons, which produces an anisotropic bleaching and concomitant line broadening of the anisotropic excitonic absorption. This phenomenon results in a polarization rotation of the transmitted optical field such that light passing through the device may be detected by a photosensitive polarization detector. The device is capable of effectively measuring the phase and frequency of terahertz energy over a wide bandwidth.
摘要翻译：太赫兹电磁能量检测器包括热粘合到具有方向依赖的热膨胀系数的第一透明衬底的（100）定向多量子阱，使得该系数与MQW在一个方向上的热膨胀系数匹配但不同，形成方向 - 依赖于MQW在垂直方向上的热膨胀系数。所得的内部热诱导各向异性应变导致在最低重孔和光空穴激子峰附近最强的光吸收的偏振依赖性。将第二透明基板放置在第一透明基板下方并且被定向成使得其热膨胀系数在垂直于第一透明基板的方向上起作用，使得与基板的双折射相关联的光波的累积相位延迟为有效取消。跨越量子阱层的平面上施加横向电场和电磁场，以使激子离子化，这产生各向异性漂白和各向异性激子吸收的伴随线宽。这种现象导致透射光场的偏振旋转，使得通过该器件的光可以由光敏极化检测器检测。该器件能够在宽带宽内有效测量太赫兹能量的相位和频率。

2. 发明申请

US20060169970A1 Creation of anisotropic strain in semiconductor quantum well 失效
标题翻译：在半导体量子阱中形成各向异性应变
公开(公告)号：US20060169970A1
公开(公告)日：2006-08-03
申请号：US11051270
申请日：2005-02-03
申请人： Michael Wraback , Mitra Dutta , Paul Shen
发明人： Michael Wraback , Mitra Dutta , Paul Shen
IPC分类号： H01L31/109
CPC分类号： G02F1/01725 , B82Y20/00 , G02F2001/0157 , H01L21/02403 , H01L21/02507 , H01L21/0254 , H01L21/02546 , H01L29/2003 , H01L29/205 , H01L33/06
摘要： Methods and devices for creating an anisotropic strain in a semiconductor quantum well structure to induce anisotropy thereof are disclosed herein. Initially, a substrate is provided, and a quantum well structure formed upon the substrate. A first crystalline layer (e.g., a GaAs layer) having a first crystalline phase can then be deposited upon the quantum well structure. Thereafter, a second crystalline layer (e.g., a GaN layer) having a second crystalline phase and a thickness thereof can be formed upon the first crystalline layer to thereby induce an anisotropic strain in the quantum well structure to produce a quantum well device thereof. Additionally, the second crystalline layer (e.g., GaN) can be formed from a transparent material and utilized as an anti-reflection layer. By properly choosing the thickness of the second crystalline layer (e.g., a GaN layer), a desired anisotropic strain as well as a desired anti-reflection wavelength can be achieved.
摘要翻译：本文公开了在半导体量子阱结构中产生各向异性应变以诱发其各向异性的方法和装置。首先，提供衬底和形成在衬底上的量子阱结构。具有第一结晶相的第一晶体层（例如，GaAs层）可以沉积在量子阱结构上。此后，可以在第一结晶层上形成具有第二结晶相和其厚度的第二结晶层（例如，GaN层），从而在量子阱结构中引起各向异性应变以产生其量子阱器件。另外，第二晶体层（例如，GaN）可以由透明材料形成并用作抗反射层。通过适当地选择第二结晶层（例如，GaN层）的厚度，可以实现期望的各向异性应变以及期望的抗反射波长。

3. 发明授权

US08269223B2 Polarization enhanced avalanche photodetector and method thereof 有权
标题翻译：极化增强雪崩光电探测器及其方法
公开(公告)号：US08269223B2
公开(公告)日：2012-09-18
申请号：US13116667
申请日：2011-05-26
申请人： Michael Wraback , Paul Shen , Anand V Sampath
发明人： Michael Wraback , Paul Shen , Anand V Sampath
IPC分类号： H01L29/15
CPC分类号： H01L31/1075 , H01L31/03048 , H01L31/0312 , Y02E10/544
摘要： An avalanche photodetector comprising a multiplication layer formed of a first material having a first polarization; the multiplication layer having a first electric field upon application of a bias voltage; an absorption layer formed of a second material having a second polarization forming an interface with the multiplication layer; the absorption layer having a second electric field upon application of the bias voltage, the second electric field being less than the first electric field or substantially zero, carriers created by light absorbed in the absorption layer being multiplied in the multiplication layer due to the first electric field; the absorption layer having a second polarization which is greater or less than the first polarization to thereby create an interface charge; the interface charge being positive when the first material predominately multiplies holes, the interface charge being negative when the first material predominately multiplies electrons, the change in electric field at the interface occurring abruptly at the atomic level; the interface charge creating electric field discontinuity causing first electric field to attain the breakdown field in the multiplication region and the second electric field to be low or zero in the absorption layer to thereby eliminate the need for a doped charge layer and the associated thickness of the doped charge layer required to transition from the low field to the high field. Also claimed is a method of making.
摘要翻译：一种雪崩光电探测器，包括由具有第一极化的第一材料形成的倍增层; 所述乘法层在施加偏置电压时具有第一电场; 由具有与所述乘法层形成界面的第二极化的第二材料形成的吸收层; 所述吸收层在施加所述偏置电压时具有第二电场，所述第二电场小于所述第一电场或基本为零，由吸收层吸收的光产生的载流子由于所述第一电场而被乘以所述乘法层领域; 所述吸收层具有大于或小于所述第一极化的第二极化，从而产生界面电荷; 当第一材料主要乘以孔时，界面电荷为正，当第一材料主要乘以电子时，界面电荷为负，界面处的电场在原子级突然发生变化; 所述接口电荷产生电场不连续性使得第一电场在所述乘法区域中获得击穿场，并且所述第二电场在所述吸收层中为低或零，从而消除对掺杂电荷层的需要和相关联的厚度掺杂电荷层需要从低场转换到高场。还要求保护的是一种制造方法。

4. 发明授权

US08269222B2 Semiconductor photodetector with transparent interface charge control layer and method thereof 有权
标题翻译：具有透明界面电荷控制层的半导体光电探测器及其方法
公开(公告)号：US08269222B2
公开(公告)日：2012-09-18
申请号：US13114254
申请日：2011-05-24
申请人： Paul Shen , Michael Wraback , Anand V Sampath
发明人： Paul Shen , Michael Wraback , Anand V Sampath
IPC分类号： H01L29/15
CPC分类号： H01L31/03687 , H01L31/105 , H01L31/107 , H01L31/1812 , Y02E10/548
摘要： A detection device comprising a photodetector comprising a first semiconductor layer through which light first enters the photodetector; the first semiconductor layer formed of a first semiconductor material crystal lattice which terminates at an interface creating a first interface charge; the first semiconductor layer being an absorption layer in which photons in a predetermined wavelength range are absorbed and create photogenerated carriers; and a second polar semiconductor layer deposited on the crystal lattice of the first semiconductor layer substantially transparent to light in the predetermined wavelength range and having a total polarization different from the first semiconductor layer so that a second interface charge is induced at the interface between the first and second semiconductor layers; the induced second interface charge reduces or substantially cancels the first interface charge so as to increase the collection of photogenerated carriers by the photodetector. ; and a methodproviding the above.
摘要翻译：一种检测装置，包括光检测器，其包括第一半导体层，光首先通过该第一半导体层进入光电检测器; 所述第一半导体层由在形成第一界面电荷的界面处终止的第一半导体材料晶格形成; 第一半导体层是其中吸收预定波长范围的光子并产生光生载流子的吸收层; 以及沉积在第一半导体层的晶格上的第二极性半导体层，其对于预定波长范围内的光基本上是透明的，并且具有与第一半导体层不同的总偏振，使得在第一和第二半导体层之间的界面处引起第二界面电荷和第二半导体层; 感应的第二接口电荷减少或基本上抵消了第一接口电荷，从而增加光电检测器对光生载流子的收集。 ; 并提供上述方法。

5. 发明授权

US07956369B2 Light emitting diode 有权
标题翻译：发光二极管
公开(公告)号：US07956369B2
公开(公告)日：2011-06-07
申请号：US12437170
申请日：2009-05-07
申请人： Meredith L. Reed , Michael Wraback , Paul Shen
发明人： Meredith L. Reed , Michael Wraback , Paul Shen
IPC分类号： H01L33/02
CPC分类号： H01L33/18 , H01L33/32
摘要： A light emitting device comprising: a polar template; a p-type layer grown thereon; the p-type layer having a first polarization vector having a first projection relative to a growth direction; an n-type layer grown on the p-type layer; the n-type layer having a second polarization vector that is larger than the first polarization vector; the n-type layer and p-type layer forming an interface. Another preferred embodiment light emitting device comprises a polar template; an n-type layer grown on the template; the n-type layer having a first polarization vector having a first projection relative to a growth direction; a p-type layer grown on the n-type layer having a second polarization vector that is larger than the first polarization vector. In both embodiments, the first polarization vector in the p-layer and second polarization vector in the n-layer create discontinuity at the interface resulting in a negative charge appearing at the interface.
摘要翻译：一种发光器件，包括：极性模板; 在其上生长的p型层; 所述p型层具有相对于生长方向具有第一突起的第一极化矢量; 在p型层上生长的n型层; 所述n型层具有大于所述第一极化矢量的第二极化矢量; n型层和p型层形成界面。另一个优选实施例的发光器件包括极性模板; 在模板上生长的n型层; 所述n型层具有相对于生长方向具有第一突起的第一极化矢量; 生长在具有大于第一偏振矢量的第二极化矢量的n型层上的p型层。在两个实施例中，n层中的p层和第二极化矢量中的第一极化矢量在界面处产生不连续，导致在界面处出现负电荷。

6. 发明授权

US07919764B2 Method and apparatus for enhanced terahertz radiation from high stacking fault density 有权
标题翻译：从高堆垛层错密度增加太赫兹辐射的方法和装置
公开(公告)号：US07919764B2
公开(公告)日：2011-04-05
申请号：US12435797
申请日：2009-05-05
申请人： Grace D. Metcalfe , Michael Wraback , Paul Shen
发明人： Grace D. Metcalfe , Michael Wraback , Paul Shen
IPC分类号： H01L33/04 , H01L33/28 , H01L33/32
CPC分类号： H01S1/02 , G02F2/004 , G02F2002/006 , G02F2203/13
摘要： A method and device for generating terahertz radiation comprising a polar crystal material layer operative to emit terahertz radiation; the polar crystal material layer comprising a plurality of stacking faults; the stacking faults lying substantially perpendicular to the polar axis and forming boundaries at which the internal electric polarization terminates leading to charges accumulating at the boundaries, and creation of internal electric fields oriented along the polar axis; a pulsed radiation source for creating photogenerated carriers in the polar crystal material; whereby the photogenerated carriers accelerate in the internal electric fields associated with the termination of the internal electric polarization by the stacking faults to thereby generate terahertz radiation.
摘要翻译：一种用于产生太赫兹辐射的方法和装置，包括可操作地发射太赫兹辐射的极性晶体材料层; 所述极性晶体材料层包括多个堆垛层错; 所述堆垛层错基本上垂直于所述极轴并且形成所述内部电极化终止的边界，导致积聚在所述边界处的电荷，以及产生沿所述极轴定向的内部电场; 用于在极性晶体材料中产生光生载流子的脉冲辐射源; 由此，光生载流子通过堆垛层错加剧与内部电极化终止有关的内部电场，从而产生太赫兹辐射。

7. 发明授权

US08904456B2 Methods, apparatus, and systems for providing media content over a communications network 有权
标题翻译：用于通过通信网络提供媒体内容的方法，装置和系统
公开(公告)号：US08904456B2
公开(公告)日：2014-12-02
申请号：US11704701
申请日：2007-02-09
申请人： Paul Shen , Jay Shen
发明人： Paul Shen , Jay Shen
IPC分类号： H04N7/173 , G06F15/16 , H04N21/433 , H04N21/63 , H04N21/658 , H04N21/231 , H04N21/234 , H04N21/2668 , H04N21/24 , H04N21/2225 , H04N21/2665 , H04N21/4788 , H04N21/239 , H04N21/472 , H04N21/81
CPC分类号： H04N21/632 , H04N7/17318 , H04N21/2225 , H04N21/23106 , H04N21/23109 , H04N21/23424 , H04N21/2393 , H04N21/2407 , H04N21/2665 , H04N21/2668 , H04N21/4331 , H04N21/47202 , H04N21/4788 , H04N21/6581 , H04N21/812
摘要： The present invention relates to broadcasting/multicasting of media content over a communication network using shared bandwidth available from peer-to-peer networking. The system of the present invention includes a plurality of broadcast devices, a plurality of receiving devices, a plurality of databases, and a control center. The control center is the central nerve of the network, and provides a number of services, including but not limited to channel control, ad insertion, conditional access, program guide services, and the like. The broadcast device converts media content, which can be television, radio, and other data, received from various content providers, into digital data packets, having a suitable format for transmission over the Internet. Each receiving device will request the relevant packets, decode the received packets, and display or present the media content contained in the packets via an associated device. Packets may be received directly from the broadcast devices or from peers (other receiving devices) on the network.
摘要翻译：本发明涉及使用可从对等网络获得的共享带宽在通信网络上广播/组播媒体内容。本发明的系统包括多个广播设备，多个接收设备，多个数据库以及控制中心。控制中心是网络的中心神经，并提供了许多服务，包括但不限于频道控制，广告插入，条件访问，节目指南服务等。广播设备将可以是从各种内容提供商接收的可以是电视，无线电和其他数据的媒体内容转换成具有用于通过因特网传输的合适格式的数字数据分组。每个接收设备将请求相关分组，解码所接收的分组，以及经由相关设备显示或呈现包含在分组中的媒体内容。分组可以直接从广播设备或网络上的对等体（其他接收设备）接收。

8. 发明授权

US08464357B2 Methods and systems for fingerprint-based copyright protection of real-time content 有权
标题翻译：用于基于指纹的版权保护的实时内容的方法和系统
公开(公告)号：US08464357B2
公开(公告)日：2013-06-11
申请号：US12819452
申请日：2010-06-21
申请人： Paul Shen
发明人： Paul Shen
IPC分类号： H04L29/06 , H04N7/16
CPC分类号： H04N21/2541 , G06F21/10 , H04L9/321 , H04L9/3236 , H04L2209/60 , H04N21/2407 , H04N21/8352
摘要： The present invention provides methods and systems for fingerprint-based copyright protection of real-time content. A first fingerprint is provided for content from a fingerprint ingesting device to a central server. The first fingerprint is associated with one or more business rules for the content at the central server. At least one of (a) a second fingerprint is provided for the content from a broadcast device to the central server, and (b) a third fingerprint is provided for the content from a receiving device to the central server. The first fingerprint is then compared with the at least one of the second and third fingerprints at the central server. One or more corresponding business rules may then be determined for the content based on the comparing.
摘要翻译：本发明提供了用于实时内容的基于指纹的版权保护的方法和系统。针对从指纹摄取装置到中央服务器的内容提供第一指纹。第一个指纹与中央服务器上的内容的一个或多个业务规则相关联。为从广播设备到中央服务器的内容提供（a）第二指纹中的至少一个，并且（b）为从接收设备到中央服务器的内容提供第三指纹。然后将第一指纹与中央服务器上的第二和第三指纹中的至少一个进行比较。然后可以基于比较来确定内容的一个或多个对应的业务规则。

9. 发明授权

US5966120A Method and apparatus for combining and distributing data with pre-formatted real-time video 失效
标题翻译：用于将数据与预格式化的实时视频组合和分发的方法和装置
公开(公告)号：US5966120A
公开(公告)日：1999-10-12
申请号：US561010
申请日：1995-11-21
申请人： Efraim Arazi , Adam S. Tom , Paul Shen , Edward A. Krause
发明人： Efraim Arazi , Adam S. Tom , Paul Shen , Edward A. Krause
IPC分类号： H04N7/26 , H04J3/00 , H04N7/08 , H04N7/081 , H04N7/52 , H04N21/234 , H04N21/236 , H04N21/2365 , H04N21/2368 , H04N21/258 , H04N21/2665 , H04N21/434 , H04N21/44 , H04N21/45 , H04N21/6405 , H04N21/84 , H04N7/12
CPC分类号： H04N21/23611 , H04N21/23424 , H04N21/23614 , H04N21/2365 , H04N21/2368 , H04N21/25841 , H04N21/2665 , H04N21/4347 , H04N21/4348 , H04N21/44016 , H04N21/4508 , H04N21/6405 , H04N21/84
摘要： A system for providing efficient constant bit rate distribution of variable bit-rate encoded video programs while facilitating the distribution of encoded video programs, along with Auxiliary Data of a general character, to one or more receivers. At a particular receiver, a customized augmented video program is created by inserting selected portions of the Auxiliary Data into a selected encoded video program. The encoded video portion of the augmented video program can be transmitted, decoded and displayed in real time, while the Auxiliary Data need not be transmitted in real time but can be stored locally at the receiver for real-time presentation at a later time. Real time presentation might include insertion into the video program while non real-time presentation might include insertion into non-video applications separate from the video program.
摘要翻译：一种用于提供可变比特率编码视频节目的有效恒定比特率分布的系统，同时促进编码视频节目的分发以及一般角色的辅助数据到一个或多个接收机。在特定接收机处，通过将选择的辅助数据部分插入到所选择的编码视频节目中来创建定制的增强视频节目。可以实时地发送，解码和显示增强视频节目的编码视频部分，而辅助数据不需要实时传输，而可以在本地存储在接收机上以便在稍后的时间进行实时显示。实时演示可能包括插入视频节目，而非实时演示可能包括插入与视频节目分离的非视频应用程序。

10. 发明授权

US5216503A Statistical multiplexer for a multichannel image compression system 失效
标题翻译：用于多通道图像压缩系统的统计多路复用器
公开(公告)号：US5216503A
公开(公告)日：1993-06-01
申请号：US809561
申请日：1991-12-24
申请人： Woo H. Paik , Edward A. Krause , Vincent Liu , Paul Shen , Henry Derovanessian
发明人： Woo H. Paik , Edward A. Krause , Vincent Liu , Paul Shen , Henry Derovanessian
IPC分类号： H04N1/41 , G06T9/00 , H04N7/08 , H04N7/081 , H04N7/58 , H04N19/00 , H04N21/2365 , H04N21/434
CPC分类号： H04N21/2365 , H04N19/115 , H04N19/124 , H04N19/15 , H04N19/152 , H04N19/176 , H04N21/23655 , H04N21/4347 , H04N19/30
摘要： A multichannel image compression system uses a plurality of encoders to compress image data. A coding level command is provided to each of the encoders to specify a level of quality to be provided by each encoder. Encoded image data, provided by the encoders in response to the coding level command, is multiplexed into a combined signal for transmission. The coding level command is adjusted in response to an accumulated amount of data from the combined signal, to maintain the accumulated data within a throughput capability of a communication channel. Although the coding level command may specify a global coding level that is the same for all of the encoders, the encoders can derive local coding levels from the global coding level to provide different encoding qualities. Decoder apparatus is provided to recover an image from the compressed image data.

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