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1. 发明授权

US06961941B1 Computer configuration for resource management in systems including a virtual machine 有权
标题翻译：包括虚拟机在内的资源管理的计算机配置
公开(公告)号：US06961941B1
公开(公告)日：2005-11-01
申请号：US09877378
申请日：2001-06-08
申请人： Michael Nelson , Scott W. Devine , Beng-Hong Lim
发明人： Michael Nelson , Scott W. Devine , Beng-Hong Lim
IPC分类号： G06F9/00 , G06F9/455
CPC分类号： G06F9/45533 , G06F9/4401
摘要： A computer architecture includes a first operating system (COS), which may be a commodity operating system, and a kernel, which acts as a second operating system. The COS is used to boot the system as a whole. After booting, the kernel is loaded and displaces the COS from the system level, meaning that the kernel itself directly accesses predetermined physical resources of the computer. All requests for use of system resources then pass via the kernel. System resources are divided into those that, in order to maximize speed, are controlled exclusively by the kernel, those that the kernel allows the COS to handle exclusively, and those for which control is shared by the kernel and COS. In the preferred embodiment of the invention, at least one virtual machine (VM) runs via a virtual machine monitor, which is installed to run on the kernel. Each VM, the COS, and even each processor in a multiprocessor embodiment, are treated as separately schedulable entities that are scheduled by the kernel. Mechanisms for high-speed I/O between VM's and I/O devices are also included.
摘要翻译：计算机体系结构包括可以是商品操作系统的第一操作系统（COS）和用作第二操作系统的内核。 COS用于整个系统引导。引导后，内核被加载并从系统级别替换COS，这意味着内核本身直接访问计算机的预定物理资源。然后，所有使用系统资源的请求都将通过内核传递。系统资源被分为那些为了最大化速度而被内核控制的内核，那些内核允许COS专门处理的内容，以及由内核和COS共享控制的那些资源。本发明中，至少一个虚拟机（VM）经由安装在内核上运行的虚拟机监视器运行。多处理器实施例中的每个VM，COS以及每个处理器被视为由内核调度的可单独调度的实体。还包括VM和I / O设备之间的高速I / O机制。

2. 发明授权

US07412702B1 System software displacement in a virtual computer system 有权
标题翻译：虚拟计算机系统中的系统软件位移
公开(公告)号：US07412702B1
公开(公告)日：2008-08-12
申请号：US11240091
申请日：2005-09-30
申请人： Michael Nelson , Scott W. Devine , Beng-Hong Lim
发明人： Michael Nelson , Scott W. Devine , Beng-Hong Lim
IPC分类号： G06F9/455 , G06F9/46 , G06F3/00 , G06F9/44 , G06F13/00 , G06F13/12
CPC分类号： G06F9/45533 , G06F9/4401
摘要： A computer architecture includes a first operating system (COS), which may be a commodity operating system, and a kernel, which acts as a second operating system. The COS is used to boot the system as a whole. After booting, the kernel is loaded and displaces the COS from the system level, meaning that the kernel itself directly accesses predetermined physical resources of the computer. All requests for use of system resources then pass via the kernel. System resources are divided into those that, in order to maximize speed, are controlled exclusively by the kernel, those that the kernel allows the COS to handle exclusively, and those for which control is shared by the kernel and COS. In the preferred embodiment of the invention, at least one virtual machine (VM) runs via a virtual machine monitor, which is installed to run on the kernel. Each VM, the COS, and even each processor in a multiprocessor embodiment, are treated as separately schedulable entities that are scheduled by the kernel. Mechanisms for high-speed I/O between VM's and I/O devices are also included.
摘要翻译：计算机体系结构包括可以是商品操作系统的第一操作系统（COS）和用作第二操作系统的内核。 COS用于整个系统引导。引导后，内核被加载并从系统级别替换COS，这意味着内核本身直接访问计算机的预定物理资源。然后，所有使用系统资源的请求都将通过内核传递。系统资源被分为那些为了最大化速度而被内核控制的内核，那些内核允许COS专门处理的内容，以及由内核和COS共享控制的那些资源。本发明中，至少一个虚拟机（VM）经由安装在内核上运行的虚拟机监视器运行。多处理器实施例中的每个VM，COS以及每个处理器被视为由内核调度的可单独调度的实体。还包括VM和I / O设备之间的高速I / O机制。

3. 发明授权

US06795966B1 Mechanism for restoring, porting, replicating and checkpointing computer systems using state extraction 有权
标题翻译：使用状态提取恢复，移植，复制和检查计算机系统的机制
公开(公告)号：US06795966B1
公开(公告)日：2004-09-21
申请号：US09497978
申请日：2000-02-04
申请人： Beng-Hong Lim , Edouard Bugnion , Scott W. Devine
发明人： Beng-Hong Lim , Edouard Bugnion , Scott W. Devine
IPC分类号： G06F9455
CPC分类号： G06F11/1438 , G06F9/45558 , G06F11/203 , G06F2009/45562 , G06F2009/45575 , G06F2201/815
摘要： A computer system is interrupted, and its entire state information is extracted as one or more checkpoints at one or more respective points during operation of the system. The checkpoint may be restored into the system at any later time, even multiple times, and it may also even be loaded into one or more other systems; all systems loaded with the same checkpoint will then execute from the same checkpointed state. The state extraction mechanism is preferably a virtual machine monitor, on which one or more virtual machines are installed, each virtual machine constituting an encapsulated, virtualized computer system whose states can be checkpointed under control of the virtual machine monitor. Checkpoints may be stored on a portable memory device or transmitted as a batch or dynamically over a network so that even virtual machines installed at different sites may execute from the same state.
摘要翻译：计算机系统被中断，并且其整个状态信息在系统的操作期间被提取为一个或多个相应点处的一个或多个检查点。检查点可以在任何更晚的时间，甚至多次恢复到系统中，甚至可以加载到一个或多个其他系统中; 所有加载相同检查点的系统都将从相同的检查点状态执行。状态提取机构优选地是虚拟机监视器，其上安装有一个或多个虚拟机，每个虚拟机构成封装的虚拟化计算机系统，其状态可以在虚拟机监视器的控制下被检查点。检查点可以存储在便携式存储设备上，或者以批处理方式或通过网络动态地传输，使得甚至安装在不同站点的虚拟机可以从相同的状态执行。

4. 发明授权

US07814495B1 On-line replacement and changing of virtualization software 有权
标题翻译：虚拟化软件的在线更换和更换
公开(公告)号：US07814495B1
公开(公告)日：2010-10-12
申请号：US11394558
申请日：2006-03-31
申请人： Beng-Hong Lim , Kinshuk Govil
发明人： Beng-Hong Lim , Kinshuk Govil
IPC分类号： G06F9/455 , G06F9/46 , G06F9/44
CPC分类号： G06F9/45558 , G06F8/656 , G06F9/5077 , G06F2009/4557
摘要： In a virtualized system running one or more virtual machines on a first hypervisor, a second hypervisor is installed and control of the hardware resources of the physical computer supporting the virtualized system is migrated from the first hypervisor to the second hypervisor without interrupting the operation of the first hypervisor and the virtual machines. Initially a minimal set of hardware resources is hot-removed from control by the first hypervisor, and the second hypervisor is launched on the minimal set of hardware resources. Both the remaining hardware resources and the virtual machines are then migrated from the first hypervisor to the second hypervisor until all the virtual machines have been migrated over to the second hypervisor, while the virtual machines and the first hypervisor continue running largely unaffected by the migration process.
摘要翻译：在运行第一管理程序上的一个或多个虚拟机的虚拟化系统中，安装第二管理程序，并且支持虚拟化系统的物理计算机的硬件资源的控制从第一管理程序迁移到第二管理程序，而不中断第一个虚拟机管理程序和虚拟机。最初，由第一虚拟机管理程序的控制热删除最少的一组硬件资源，并且在最小的硬件资源集上启动第二管理程序。然后，剩余的硬件资源和虚拟机都从第一个虚拟机管理程序迁移到第二个虚拟机管理程序，直到所有的虚拟机已经迁移到第二个虚拟机管理程序，而虚拟机和第一个虚拟机监控程序继续运行在很大程度上不受迁移进程的影响。

5. 发明授权

US06085295A Method of maintaining data coherency in a computer system having a plurality of interconnected nodes 失效
标题翻译：在具有多个互连节点的计算机系统中维护数据一致性的方法
公开(公告)号：US06085295A
公开(公告)日：2000-07-04
申请号：US954496
申请日：1997-10-20
申请人： Kattamuri Ekanadham , Beng-Hong Lim , Pratap Chandra Pattnaik , Marc Snir
发明人： Kattamuri Ekanadham , Beng-Hong Lim , Pratap Chandra Pattnaik , Marc Snir
IPC分类号： G06F12/08 , G06F12/16
CPC分类号： G06F12/0813 , G06F12/0817 , G06F2212/2542
摘要： A method of providing coherent shared memory access among a plurality of shared memory multiprocessor nodes. For each line of data in each of the nodes, a list of those processors of the node that have copies of the line in their caches is maintained. If a memory command is issued from a processor of one node, and if the command is directed to a line of memory of another node, then the memory command is sent directly to an adapter of the one node. When the adapter receives the command, it forwards the command from the one adapter to another adapter of the other node. When the other adapter receives the command, the command is forwarded to the local memory of the other node. The list of processors is then updated in the local memory of the other node to include or exclude the other adapter depending on the command. If the memory command is issued from one of the processors of one of the nodes, and if the command is directed to a line of memory of the one node, then the command is sent directly to local memory. When the local memory receives the command and if the adapter of the node is in the list of processors for a line associated with the command and if the command is a write command, then the command is forwarded to the adapter of the one node. When the adapter receives the command, the command is forwarded to remote adapters in each of the remote nodes which have processors which have cache copies of the line. Finally, when the latter remote adapters receive the command, the command is forwarded to the processors having the cache copies of the line.
摘要翻译：一种在多个共享存储器多处理器节点之间提供一致的共享存储器访问的方法。对于每个节点中的每一行数据，维护节点中具有其高速缓存中的行的副本的那些处理器的列表。如果从一个节点的处理器发出存储器命令，并且如果命令被定向到另一个节点的存储器行，则存储器命令被直接发送到该一个节点的适配器。当适配器接收到命令时，它将该命令从一个适配器转发到另一个节点的另一个适配器。当另一个适配器接收到该命令时，该命令将转发到另一个节点的本地内存。然后在另一个节点的本地存储器中更新处理器列表，以根据命令包括或排除另一个适配器。如果从其中一个节点的一个处理器发出存储器命令，并且如果命令被定向到一个节点的存储器行，则该命令被直接发送到本地存储器。当本地内存接收到该命令时，如果节点的适配器位于与该命令相关联的一行的处理器列表中，并且该命令是写入命令，则该命令将转发到该一个节点的适配器。当适配器接收到该命令时，该命令将转发到具有具有该行的高速缓存副本的处理器的每个远程节点中的远程适配器。最后，当后一个远程适配器接收到该命令时，该命令被转发到具有该行的缓存副本的处理器。

6. 发明授权

US08316374B2 On-line replacement and changing of virtualization software 有权
标题翻译：虚拟化软件的在线更换和更换
公开(公告)号：US08316374B2
公开(公告)日：2012-11-20
申请号：US12897464
申请日：2010-10-04
申请人： Beng-Hong Lim , Kinshuk Govil
发明人： Beng-Hong Lim , Kinshuk Govil
IPC分类号： G06F9/46 , G06F9/455 , G06F11/00
CPC分类号： G06F9/45558 , G06F8/656 , G06F9/5077 , G06F2009/4557
摘要： In a virtualized system running one or more virtual machines on a first hypervisor, a second hypervisor is installed and control of the hardware resources of the physical computer supporting the virtualized system is migrated from the first hypervisor to the second hypervisor without interrupting the operation of the first hypervisor and the virtual machines. Initially a minimal set of hardware resources is hot-removed from control by the first hypervisor, and the second hypervisor is launched on the minimal set of hardware resources. Both the remaining hardware resources and the virtual machines are then migrated from the first hypervisor to the second hypervisor until all the virtual machines have been migrated over to the second hypervisor, while the virtual machines and the first hypervisor continue running largely unaffected by the migration process.
摘要翻译：在运行第一管理程序上的一个或多个虚拟机的虚拟化系统中，安装第二管理程序，并且支持虚拟化系统的物理计算机的硬件资源的控制从第一管理程序迁移到第二管理程序，而不中断第一个虚拟机管理程序和虚拟机。最初，由第一虚拟机管理程序的控制热删除最少的一组硬件资源，并且在最小的硬件资源集上启动第二管理程序。然后，剩余的硬件资源和虚拟机都从第一个虚拟机管理程序迁移到第二个虚拟机管理程序，直到所有的虚拟机已经迁移到第二个虚拟机管理程序，而虚拟机和第一个虚拟机监控程序继续运行在很大程度上不受迁移进程的影响。

7. 发明授权

US5802582A Explicit coherence using split-phase controls 失效
标题翻译：使用分相控制的显式一致性
公开(公告)号：US5802582A
公开(公告)日：1998-09-01
申请号：US711750
申请日：1996-09-10
申请人： Kattamuri Ekanadham , Beng-Hong Lim , Pratap Chandra Pattnaik
发明人： Kattamuri Ekanadham , Beng-Hong Lim , Pratap Chandra Pattnaik
IPC分类号： G06F9/46 , G06F12/08 , G06F15/177 , G06F12/14
CPC分类号： G06F9/52 , G06F12/0815
摘要： A method and apparatus for maintaining cache coherence in a shared memory multiprocessor system, where cache coherence is preserved between lock acquires and releases rather than at every single memory load and store. With this invention, a Global Lock Manager (GLM) keeps track of the status of locked ranges without the need to maintain a list of individual processors in the system. Further a Recently Acquired Lock Manager (RALM) keeps track of the status of locked ranges within a processing node to reduce the need to communicate with a GLM.
摘要翻译：一种用于在共享存储器多处理器系统中维持高速缓存一致性的方法和装置，其中在锁获取和释放之间保存高速缓存一致性，而不是在每个单个存储器加载和存储期间。利用本发明，全球锁管理器（GLM）跟踪锁定范围的状态，而不需要维护系统中的各个处理器的列表。另外，最近获得的锁管理器（RALM）跟踪处理节点内锁定范围的状态，以减少与GLM进行通信的需要。

8. 发明授权

US5893922A Home node migration for distributed shared memory systems 失效
标题翻译：分布式共享内存系统的家庭节点迁移
公开(公告)号：US5893922A
公开(公告)日：1999-04-13
申请号：US813814
申请日：1997-03-06
申请人： Sandra Johnson Baylor , Kattamuri Ekanadham , Joefon Jann , Beng-Hong Lim , Pratap Chandra Pattnaik
发明人： Sandra Johnson Baylor , Kattamuri Ekanadham , Joefon Jann , Beng-Hong Lim , Pratap Chandra Pattnaik
IPC分类号： G06F9/50 , G06F12/08 , G06F13/00
CPC分类号： G06F9/5016 , G06F12/0813
摘要： A mechanism to dynamically migrate a home node of a global page to a more suitable node for improving performance of parallel applications running on a S-COMA and other DSM systems. More specifically, consultation counts are maintained at each client node of a shared memory system, where the consultation count indicates the number of times the client node has consulted the dynamic for lines a page. This information is then used along with other information to decide on whether to change the dynamic home node to a more suitable node.
摘要翻译：将全局页面的家庭节点动态迁移到更合适的节点以提高在S-COMA和其他DSM系统上运行的并行应用程序的性能的机制。更具体地，在共享存储器系统的每个客户端节点处维护咨询计数，其中咨询计数指示客户端节点已经查阅了页面的行的动态次数。然后将该信息与其他信息一起使用以决定是否将动态家庭节点更改为更合适的节点。

9. 发明授权

US08631066B2 Mechanism for providing virtual machines for use by multiple users 有权
标题翻译：提供虚拟机以供多个用户使用的机制
公开(公告)号：US08631066B2
公开(公告)日：2014-01-14
申请号：US12508506
申请日：2009-07-23
申请人： Beng-Hong Lim , Edouard Bugnion , Scott Devine
发明人： Beng-Hong Lim , Edouard Bugnion , Scott Devine
IPC分类号： G06F15/16 , G06F9/455 , G06F9/46
CPC分类号： G06F11/1474 , G06F9/45504 , G06F9/45558 , G06F9/5077 , G06F11/1469 , G06F11/1471 , G06F2009/45562 , G06F2009/45575 , G06F2201/805 , G06F2201/815
摘要： According to one aspect of the invention, a request to generate a state checkpoint of a computer is initiated within a user-level software entity, such as a virtual machine. Upon sensing the request, a checkpointing mechanism generates and stores at least one checkpoint, each checkpoint comprising a representation of the total state of the computer system. Upon sensing a state restoration request corresponding to one of the checkpoints, the checkpointing mechanism restores the checkpointed state in the computer, which can then resume operation from the restored total state. According to another aspect of the invention, a total checkpointed state is exported to another computer, where the state can be modified, for example, debugged, and then loaded into either the originally checkpointed computer (which, again, may be a virtual machine), or some other computer.
摘要翻译：根据本发明的一个方面，在用户级软件实体（诸如虚拟机）中发起生成计算机的状态检查点的请求。在检测到请求时，检查点机制生成并存储至少一个检查点，每个检查点包括计算机系统的总体状态的表示。在检测到与其中一个检查点相对应的状态恢复请求时，检查点机制恢复计算机中的检查点状态，其然后可以从恢复的总状态恢复操作。根据本发明的另一方面，总检查点状态被导出到另一个计算机，其中该状态可被修改，例如被调试，然后被加载到原始的检查点计算机（其也可以是虚拟机），或其他一些电脑。

10. 发明授权

US06785886B1 Deferred shadowing of segment descriptors in a virtual machine monitor for a segmented computer architecture 有权
标题翻译：在分段计算机体系结构的虚拟机监视器中延迟对段描述符的影子
公开(公告)号：US06785886B1
公开(公告)日：2004-08-31
申请号：US09648394
申请日：2000-08-24
申请人： Beng-Hong Lim , Bich C. Le , Edouard Bugnion
发明人： Beng-Hong Lim , Bich C. Le , Edouard Bugnion
IPC分类号： G06F9455
CPC分类号： G06F9/45533
摘要： One or more virtual machines (VM's) run via a virtual machine monitor (VMM) on a hardware platform that has a segmented memory architecture. Each VM has at least one VM descriptor table that has, as entries, VM segment descriptors. At least one VMM descriptor table is established, including at least one shadow descriptor table that stores shadow descriptors for certain of the VM segment descriptors, which are then shadowed descriptors. The VMM compares the shadow descriptors with their respective corresponding shadowed VM descriptors, detects any lack of correspondence between the shadow descriptor table and the corresponding VM descriptor table, and updates and thereby synchronizes each shadow descriptor with its respective shadowed VM descriptor no later than, and preferably only upon the first use of, the respective descriptor by the VM. Whenever the VMM detects any attempt by the VM to load an usynchronized shadowed descriptor, the VMM verifies that the VM is allowed to load it, and then establishes synchronization for the pair of descriptors. One detection mechanism is the tracing of entire memory pages in which VM descriptors are stored; another involves sensing and setting the state of a segment present bit for individual descriptors. The invention improves virtualization performance by reducing the number of descriptors that need to be kept coherent. The VMM also has a flexible mechanism to invalidate descriptors, for example, when the VM unmaps or remaps the memory page it is located in, or when the VM sets a new segment descriptor table.
摘要翻译：一个或多个虚拟机（VM）通过虚拟机监视器（VMM）在具有分段内存架构的硬件平台上运行。每个虚拟机具有至少一个VM描述符表，其具有作为条目的VM段描述符。建立至少一个VMM描述符表，其中包括至少一个阴影描述符表，其存储某些VM段描述符的影子描述符，然后这些影子描述符是阴影描述符。 VMM将阴影描述符与其各自相应的阴影VM描述符进行比较，检测阴影描述符表与对应的VM描述符表之间的任何对应关系，并更新，从而使每个阴影描述符与其相应的阴影虚拟机描述符不迟于于同步; 优选地仅在VM的相应描述符的首次使用时。每当VMM检测到VM尝试加载异步映射的描述符时，VMM将验证VM是否允许加载它，然后为该对描述符建立同步。一种检测机制是跟踪存储有VM描述符的整个存储器页面; 另一个涉及感测和设置单个描述符的段存在位的状态。本发明通过减少需要保持一致的描述符的数量来提高虚拟化性能。 VMM还具有使描述符无效的灵活机制，例如，当VM取消映射或重新映射位于其中的存储器页面时，或者当VM设置新的段描述符表时。

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