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1. 发明授权

US06577312B2 Graphics system configured to filter samples using a variable support filter 有权
标题翻译：图形系统配置为使用可变支持过滤器过滤样本
公开(公告)号：US06577312B2
公开(公告)日：2003-06-10
申请号：US09755643
申请日：2001-01-04
申请人： Michael F. Deering , N. David Naegle , Scott R. Nelson
发明人： Michael F. Deering , N. David Naegle , Scott R. Nelson
IPC分类号： G06T1700
CPC分类号： G06T5/20 , G06T5/002
摘要： A computer graphics system may comprise a graphics processor, a sample buffer, and a sample-to-pixel calculation unit. The graphics processor renders samples into the sample buffer in response to received graphics data. The sample-to-pixel calculation unit generates a plurality of output pixels by filtering the rendered samples based on a filter function. The pixels may be computed by generating a weighted sum of sample values (e.g. red sample values) for samples falling within the filter support. The coefficients used in the weighted sum may be added to form a normalization factor. One weighted sum of sample values may be computed per pixel attribute such as red, green, blue and alpha. The normalization factor may be computed in parallel with one or more of the weighted sums. Normalized pixel values may be obtained by dividing the weighted-sums by the normalization factor.
摘要翻译：计算机图形系统可以包括图形处理器，采样缓冲器和采样到像素的计算单元。图形处理器响应于接收到的图形数据将样本呈现到采样缓冲器中。采样到像素计算单元通过基于滤波函数对所渲染的采样进行滤波来产生多个输出像素。可以通过生成落在滤波器支持中的样本的采样值（例如，红色采样值）的加权和来计算像素。可以将加权和中使用的系数相加以形成归一化因子。每个像素属性可以计算样本值的一个加权和，如红色，绿色，蓝色和alpha。归一化因子可以与一个或多个加权和并行计算。归一化像素值可以通过将加权和除以归一化因子来获得。

2. 发明授权

US06894698B2 Recovering added precision from L-bit samples by dithering the samples prior to an averaging computation 有权
标题翻译：通过在平均计算之前对样本进行抖动，从L位采样中恢复增加的精度
公开(公告)号：US06894698B2
公开(公告)日：2005-05-17
申请号：US09760512
申请日：2001-01-11
申请人： Michael F. Deering , N. David Naegle , Scott R. Nelson
发明人： Michael F. Deering , N. David Naegle , Scott R. Nelson
IPC分类号： G06K9/40 , G06K15/00 , G09G5/02
CPC分类号： G09G5/397 , G06T15/005 , G09G5/02 , G09G5/14 , G09G2340/0428 , G09G2340/10
摘要： A dithering system comprising a dithering unit, a storage medium, and an averaging unit. The dithering unit is configured to receive a set of data values, to add dither values to the data values, and to truncate the resultant addition values to L-bit truncated values. The storage medium is configured to store the L-bit truncated values. The averaging unit is configured to read the L-bit truncated values from the storage medium, and to compute an average value using at least a subset of the L-bit truncated values. The dither values may have an average value of approximately one-half. The dither values may approximate a uniform distribution of numbers between −A+½ and A+½, wherein A is greater than or equal to one. Alternatively, the dithering unit may receive a temporal stream of data values, and the average unit may perform a temporal average (e.g. an FIR filter). The dithering system may be incorporated in a graphics system. In this case, data values may represent rendered sample values (e.g. color or alpha).
摘要翻译：一种抖动系统，包括抖动单元，存储介质和平均单元。抖动单元被配置为接收一组数据值，以将抖动值添加到数据值，并将所得到的相加值截断为L位截断值。存储介质被配置为存储L位截断值。平均单元被配置为从存储介质读取L位截断的值，并且使用L位截断值的至少一个子集来计算平均值。抖动值可以具有大约一半的平均值。抖动值可以近似在-A +½和A +½之间的数字的均匀分布，其中A大于或等于1。或者，抖动单元可以接收数据值的时间流，并且平均单元可以执行时间平均（例如FIR滤波器）。抖动系统可以并入图形系统中。在这种情况下，数据值可以表示渲染的样本值（例如，颜色或α）。

3. 发明授权

US06781585B2 Graphics system having a super-sampled sample buffer and having single sample per pixel support 有权
标题翻译：图形系统具有超采样采样缓冲器并且每像素支持单个采样
公开(公告)号：US06781585B2
公开(公告)日：2004-08-24
申请号：US09752097
申请日：2000-12-29
申请人： N. David Naegle , Michael F. Deering , Michael G. Lavelle , Carol Lavelle , Scott R. Nelson
发明人： N. David Naegle , Michael F. Deering , Michael G. Lavelle , Carol Lavelle , Scott R. Nelson
IPC分类号： G06F1500
CPC分类号： G06T15/005
摘要： A computer graphics system that utilizes a super-sampled sample buffer and a sample-to-pixel calculation unit for refreshing the display. The graphics system may have a graphics processor, a super-sampled sample buffer, and a sample-to-pixel calculation unit. The graphics processor renders samples into the sample buffer at computed positions or locations in the sample buffer. The graphics system may utilize a window ID that specifies attributes of pixels on a per object basis. The window ID may specify one or more of a sample mode, filter type, color attributes, or source attributes. The sample mode may include single sample per pixel mode and multiple samples per pixel mode. In implementing a single sample per pixel mode, the graphics system may be further operable to generate a single sample per pixel for certain windows of the screen in order to, for example, provide backwards compatibility with legacy systems with no multi-sampling support. The graphics system may generate samples that have the same value within the region of a single pixel, or the graphics system may utilize a very narrow filter that only selects the center sample in the averaging process.
摘要翻译：利用超采样采样缓冲器和用于刷新显示器的采样到像素计算单元的计算机图形系统。图形系统可以具有图形处理器，超采样采样缓冲器和采样到像素的计算单元。图形处理器在样本缓冲区中的计算位置或位置处将样本呈现到采样缓冲区中。图形系统可以利用指定每个对象的像素的属性的窗口ID。窗口ID可以指定样本模式，过滤器类型，颜色属性或源属性中的一个或多个。样本模式可以包括每像素模式的单个样本和每像素模式的多个采样。在实现每像素模式的单个样本时，图形系统可以进一步可操作以为屏幕的某些窗口生成每个像素的单个样本，以便例如提供没有多采样支持的遗留系统的向后兼容性。图形系统可以生成在单个像素的区域内具有相同值的样本，或者图形系统可以利用在平均处理中仅选择中心样本的非常窄的滤波器。

4. 发明授权

US06989835B2 Flexible video architecture for generating video streams 有权
公开(公告)号：US06989835B2
公开(公告)日：2006-01-24
申请号：US09894617
申请日：2001-06-27
申请人： Michael F. Deering , N. David Naegle
发明人： Michael F. Deering , N. David Naegle
IPC分类号： G06F15/16
CPC分类号： H04L65/1043 , G06T15/005 , H04L29/06027 , H04L45/00 , H04L45/58 , H04L65/607
摘要： A graphics system comprising a series of calculation units. The calculation units comprise a first subset and a second subset of calculation units. A first calculation unit of the series generates a first digital video stream and a second digital video stream. Each calculation unit of the first subset: (a) passes the second digital video stream to a next calculation unit of the series unmodified; and (b) computes first pixel values, injects or mixes the first pixel values into the first digital video stream, and passes the modified first digital video stream to the next calculation unit. Similarly, each calculation unit of the second subset injects or mixes second pixel values into the second digital video stream, and passes the first digital video stream unmodified. A last calculation unit of the series drives one or more display devices in response to the first and second digital video streams.

5. 发明授权

US06989843B2 Graphics system with an improved filtering adder tree 有权
标题翻译：具有改进滤波加法器树的图形系统
公开(公告)号：US06989843B2
公开(公告)日：2006-01-24
申请号：US09894663
申请日：2001-06-28
申请人： N. David Naegle , Scott R. Nelson
发明人： N. David Naegle , Scott R. Nelson
IPC分类号： G09G5/10
CPC分类号： G06F7/509 , G06T1/00
摘要： A sample-to-pixel calculation unit in a graphics system may comprise an adder tree. The adder tree includes a plurality of adder cells coupled in a tree configuration. Input values are presented to a first layer of adder cells. Each input value may have two associated control signals: a data valid signal and a winner-take-all signal. The final output of the adder tree equals (a) a sum of those input values whose data valid signals are asserted provided that none of the winner-take-all signals are asserted, or (b) a selected one of the input values if one of the winner-take-all bits is asserted. The selected input value is the one whose winner-take-all bit is set. The adder tree may be used to perform sums of weighted sample attributes and/or sums of coefficients values as part of pixel value computations.
摘要翻译：图形系统中的样本到像素计算单元可以包括加法器树。加法器树包括以树形结构耦合的多个加法器单元。输入值被呈现给加法器单元的第一层。每个输入值可以具有两个关联的控制信号：一个数据有效信号和一个获胜者全部信号。加法器树的最终输出等于（a）这些输入值的总和，其数据有效信号被断言，前提是没有一个获胜者获取信号被断言，或者（b）一个选择的一个输入值，如果一个获胜者所有的位被断言。所选择的输入值是其获胜者所有位被设置的值。加法器树可以用于执行加权样本属性和/或系数值之和作为像素值计算的一部分。

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