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1. 发明授权

US08489815B2 Managing cache data and metadata 有权
标题翻译：管理缓存数据和元数据
公开(公告)号：US08489815B2
公开(公告)日：2013-07-16
申请号：US13365093
申请日：2012-02-02
申请人： Mehmet Iyigun , Yevgeniy M. Bak , Michael Fortin , Mahlon David Fields , Cenk Ergan , Alexander Kirshenbaum
发明人： Mehmet Iyigun , Yevgeniy M. Bak , Michael Fortin , Mahlon David Fields , Cenk Ergan , Alexander Kirshenbaum
IPC分类号： G06F12/00 , G06F13/00 , G06F13/28 , G06F9/26 , G06F9/34
CPC分类号： G06F12/0866 , G06F12/0804 , G06F12/0862 , G06F12/0871 , G06F12/14 , G06F2212/1016 , G06F2212/1032 , G06F2212/1052 , G06F2212/2022 , G06F2212/222 , G06F2212/466
摘要： Embodiments of the invention provide techniques for managing cache metadata providing a mapping between addresses on a storage medium (e.g., disk storage) and corresponding addresses on a cache device at which data items are stored. In some embodiments, cache metadata may be stored in a hierarchical data structure comprising a plurality of hierarchy levels. When a reboot of the computer is initiated, only a subset of the plurality of hierarchy levels may be loaded to memory, thereby expediting the process of restoring the cache metadata and thus startup operations. Startup may be further expedited by using cache metadata to perform operations associated with reboot.
摘要翻译：本发明的实施例提供了用于管理提供存储介质（例如，磁盘存储）上的地址与存储数据项的高速缓存设备上的相应地址之间的映射的高速缓存元数据的技术。在一些实施例中，高速缓存元数据可以存储在包括多个层次级别的分层数据结构中。当启动计算机的重新启动时，只有多个层次级别的子集可以被加载到存储器，从而加速恢复高速缓存元数据以及因此启动操作的过程。通过使用缓存元数据来执行与重新启动相关的操作，可以进一步加快启动。

2. 发明授权

US08135914B2 Managing cache data and metadata 有权
标题翻译：管理缓存数据和元数据
公开(公告)号：US08135914B2
公开(公告)日：2012-03-13
申请号：US13221542
申请日：2011-08-30
申请人： Mehmet Iyigun , Yevgeniy M. Bak , Michael Fortin , David Fields , Cenk Ergan , Alexander Kirshenbaum
发明人： Mehmet Iyigun , Yevgeniy M. Bak , Michael Fortin , David Fields , Cenk Ergan , Alexander Kirshenbaum
IPC分类号： G06F12/00 , G06F13/00 , G06F13/28 , G06F9/26 , G06F9/34
CPC分类号： G06F12/0866 , G06F12/0804 , G06F12/0862 , G06F12/0871 , G06F12/14 , G06F2212/1016 , G06F2212/1032 , G06F2212/1052 , G06F2212/2022 , G06F2212/222 , G06F2212/466
摘要： Embodiments of the invention provide techniques for managing cache metadata providing a mapping between addresses on a storage medium (e.g., disk storage) and corresponding addresses on a cache device at data items are stored. In some embodiments, cache metadata may be stored in a hierarchical data structure comprising a plurality of hierarchy levels. When a reboot of the computer is initiated, only a subset of the plurality of hierarchy levels may be loaded to memory, thereby expediting the process of restoring the cache metadata and thus startup operations. Startup may be further expedited by using cache metadata to perform operations associated with reboot. Thereafter, as requests to read data items on the storage medium are processed using cache metadata to identify addresses at which the data items are stored in cache, the identified addresses may be stored in memory. When the computer is later shut down, instead of having to transfer the entirety of the cache metadata from memory to storage, only the subset of the plurality of hierarchy levels and/or the identified addresses previously loaded to memory may be transferred (e.g., to the cache device), thereby expediting the shutdown of the computer.
摘要翻译：本发明的实施例提供了用于管理提供存储介质（例如，磁盘存储）上的地址之间的映射以及数据项上的高速缓存设备上的相应地址的缓存元数据的技术。在一些实施例中，高速缓存元数据可以存储在包括多个层次级别的分层数据结构中。当启动计算机的重新启动时，只有多个层次级别的子集可以被加载到存储器，从而加速恢复高速缓存元数据以及因此启动操作的过程。通过使用缓存元数据来执行与重新启动相关的操作，可以进一步加快启动。此后，当使用高速缓存元数据来处理读取存储介质上的数据项的请求时，识别数据项被存储在高速缓存中的地址，所识别的地址可被存储在存储器中。当计算机稍后关闭时，不是必须将整个高速缓存元数据从存储器传送到存储器，所以只有先前加载到存储器的多个层次级别和/或已识别的地址的子集可以被传送（例如，缓存设备），从而加速计算机的关闭。

3. 发明授权

US08032707B2 Managing cache data and metadata 有权
标题翻译：管理缓存数据和元数据
公开(公告)号：US08032707B2
公开(公告)日：2011-10-04
申请号：US12271400
申请日：2008-11-14
申请人： Mehmet Iyigun , Yevgeniy Bak , Michael Fortin , David Fields , Cenk Ergan , Alexander Kirshenbaum
发明人： Mehmet Iyigun , Yevgeniy Bak , Michael Fortin , David Fields , Cenk Ergan , Alexander Kirshenbaum
IPC分类号： G06F12/00 , G06F13/00 , G06F13/28 , G06F9/26 , G06F9/34
CPC分类号： G06F12/0866 , G06F12/0804 , G06F12/0862 , G06F12/0871 , G06F12/14 , G06F2212/1016 , G06F2212/1032 , G06F2212/1052 , G06F2212/2022 , G06F2212/222 , G06F2212/466
摘要： Embodiments of the invention provide techniques for managing cache metadata providing a mapping between addresses on a storage medium (e.g., disk storage) and corresponding addresses on a cache device at data items are stored. In some embodiments, cache metadata may be stored in a hierarchical data structure comprising a plurality of hierarchy levels. Only a subset of the plurality of hierarchy levels may be loaded to memory, thereby reducing the memory “footprint” of cache metadata and expediting the process of restoring the cache metadata during startup operations. Startup may be further expedited by using cache metadata to perform operations associated with reboot. Thereafter, as requests to read data items on the storage medium are processed using cache metadata to identify addresses at which the data items are stored in cache, the identified addresses may be stored in memory. When the computer is later shut down, instead of having to transfer the entirety of the cache metadata from memory to storage, only the subset of the plurality of hierarchy levels and/or the identified addresses previously loaded to memory may be transferred (e.g., to the cache device), thereby expediting the shutdown of the computer.
摘要翻译：本发明的实施例提供了用于管理提供存储介质（例如，磁盘存储）上的地址之间的映射以及数据项上的高速缓存设备上的相应地址的缓存元数据的技术。在一些实施例中，高速缓存元数据可以存储在包括多个层次级别的分层数据结构中。可以仅将多个层次级别的子集加载到存储器，从而减少高速缓存元数据的存储器“占用空间”，并且加快在启动操作期间恢复高速缓存元数据的过程。通过使用缓存元数据来执行与重新启动相关的操作，可以进一步加快启动。此后，当使用高速缓存元数据来处理读取存储介质上的数据项的请求时，识别数据项存储在高速缓存中的地址，所识别的地址可被存储在存储器中。当计算机稍后关闭时，不是必须将整个高速缓存元数据从存储器传送到存储器，所以只有先前加载到存储器的多个层次级别和/或已识别的地址的子集可以被传送（例如，缓存设备），从而加速计算机的关闭。

4. 发明申请

US20100070701A1 MANAGING CACHE DATA AND METADATA 有权
标题翻译：管理缓存数据和元数据
公开(公告)号：US20100070701A1
公开(公告)日：2010-03-18
申请号：US12271472
申请日：2008-11-14
申请人： Mehmet Iyigun , Yevgeniy Bak , Michael Fortin , David Fields , Cenk Ergan , Alexander Kirshenbaum
发明人： Mehmet Iyigun , Yevgeniy Bak , Michael Fortin , David Fields , Cenk Ergan , Alexander Kirshenbaum
IPC分类号： G06F12/08 , G06F12/00
CPC分类号： G06F12/0833 , G06F11/1441 , G06F12/0862 , G06F12/0866 , G06F12/128 , G06F12/14 , G06F2212/1052 , G06F2212/2022 , G06F2212/2146 , G06F2212/222 , G06F2212/466 , G06F2212/62 , Y02D10/13
摘要： Embodiments of the invention provide techniques for ensuring that the contents of a non-volatile memory device may be relied upon as accurately reflecting data stored on disk storage across a power transition such as a reboot. For example, some embodiments of the invention provide techniques for determining whether the cache contents and/or or disk contents are modified during a power transition, causing cache contents to no longer accurately reflect data stored in disk storage. Further, some embodiments provide techniques for managing cache metadata during normal (“steady state”) operations and across power transitions, ensuring that cache metadata may be efficiently accessed and reliably saved and restored across power transitions.
摘要翻译：本发明的实施例提供了用于确保非易失性存储器件的内容可以被依赖于通过电源转换（例如重启）精确反映存储在磁盘存储器上的数据的技术。例如，本发明的一些实施例提供了用于确定在功率转换期间高速缓存内容和/或/或内容是否被修改的技术，导致高速缓存内容不再准确地反映存储在磁盘存储器中的数据。此外，一些实施例提供了用于在正常（“稳态”）操作期间和跨越功率转换的管理高速缓存元数据的技术，确保高速缓存元数据可以在功率转换之间被有效地访问并被可靠地保存和恢复。

5. 发明授权

US09032151B2 Method and system for ensuring reliability of cache data and metadata subsequent to a reboot 有权
标题翻译：确保重新启动后缓存数据和元数据的可靠性的方法和系统
公开(公告)号：US09032151B2
公开(公告)日：2015-05-12
申请号：US12271472
申请日：2008-11-14
申请人： Mehmet Iyigun , Yevgeniy Bak , Michael Fortin , David Fields , Cenk Ergan , Alexander Kirshenbaum
发明人： Mehmet Iyigun , Yevgeniy Bak , Michael Fortin , David Fields , Cenk Ergan , Alexander Kirshenbaum
IPC分类号： G06F12/08 , G06F12/14 , G06F12/00 , G06F11/14
CPC分类号： G06F12/0833 , G06F11/1441 , G06F12/0862 , G06F12/0866 , G06F12/128 , G06F12/14 , G06F2212/1052 , G06F2212/2022 , G06F2212/2146 , G06F2212/222 , G06F2212/466 , G06F2212/62 , Y02D10/13
摘要： To ensure that the contents of a non-volatile memory device cache may be relied upon as accurately reflecting data stored on disk storage, it may be determined whether the cache contents and/or disk contents are modified during a power transition, causing cache contents to no longer accurately reflect data stored in disk storage. The cache device may be removable from the computer, and unexpected removal of the cache device may cause cache contents to no longer accurately reflect data stored in disk storage. Cache metadata may be managed during normal operations and across power transitions, ensuring that cache metadata may be efficiently accessed and reliably saved and restored across power transitions. A state of a log used by a file system may be determined prior to and subsequent to reboot of an operating system in order to determine whether data stored on a cache device may be reliably used.
摘要翻译：为了确保非易失性存储器件高速缓存的内容可以被准确地反映存储在磁盘存储器中的数据，可以确定在电源转换期间缓存内容和/或磁盘内容是否被修改，从而导致高速缓存内容不再准确反映存储在磁盘存储中的数据。高速缓存设备可以从计算机移除，并且高速缓存设备的意外移除可能导致高速缓存内容不再准确地反映存储在磁盘存储器中的数据。高速缓存元数据可以在正常操作和功率转换期间进行管理，从而确保高速缓存元数据可以被有效地访问，并且在功率转换之间可靠地保存和恢复。可以在操作系统重新启动之前和之后确定文件系统使用的日志的状态，以便确定存储在高速缓存设备上的数据是否可以被可靠地使用。

6. 发明授权

US08631203B2 Management of external memory functioning as virtual cache 有权
标题翻译：用作虚拟缓存的外部存储器的管理
公开(公告)号：US08631203B2
公开(公告)日：2014-01-14
申请号：US11953312
申请日：2007-12-10
申请人： Michael Fortin , Cenk Ergan , Mehmet Iyigun , Yevgeniy Bak , Ben Mickle , Aaron Dietrich , Alexander Kirshenbaum
发明人： Michael Fortin , Cenk Ergan , Mehmet Iyigun , Yevgeniy Bak , Ben Mickle , Aaron Dietrich , Alexander Kirshenbaum
IPC分类号： G06F12/08 , G06F12/00
CPC分类号： G06F12/1408 , G06F12/0815 , G06F12/0893 , G06F12/1009 , G06F12/109
摘要： A method and apparatus for managing the caching of data on an auxiliary memory of a computer. Pages of data may be cached on an auxiliary memory, such as a flash memory, at a virtual level using an identifier that does not involve a physical address of the pages on a memory. Pages may be cached on auxiliary memory that may be removable from the computer, e.g., by unplugging the memory from the computer. Page data may be encrypted and/or compressed on the auxiliary memory. An authentication indicator may be used to verify the accuracy of cached data in the case of an interrupted connection to the auxiliary memory, e.g., as a result of computer power down, hibernation, removal of the memory from the computer, etc.
摘要翻译：一种用于管理计算机辅助存储器上的数据缓存的方法和装置。可以使用不涉及存储器上的页面的物理地址的标识符将数据页面缓存在诸如闪存之类的辅助存储器上。可以将页面缓存在辅助存储器上，这可以从计算机移除，例如通过从计算机拔出存储器。页面数据可以在辅助存储器上被加密和/或压缩。在与辅助存储器的中断连接的情况下，例如由于计算机电源关闭，休眠，从计算机中移除存储器等，可以使用认证指示符来验证缓存数据的精度。

7. 发明申请

US20120173824A1 MANAGING CACHE DATA AND METADATA 有权
标题翻译：管理缓存数据和元数据
公开(公告)号：US20120173824A1
公开(公告)日：2012-07-05
申请号：US13365093
申请日：2012-02-02
申请人： Mehmet Iyigun , Yevgeniy Bak , Michael Fortin , David Fields , Cenk Ergan , Alexander Kirshenbaum
发明人： Mehmet Iyigun , Yevgeniy Bak , Michael Fortin , David Fields , Cenk Ergan , Alexander Kirshenbaum
IPC分类号： G06F12/08
CPC分类号： G06F12/0866 , G06F12/0804 , G06F12/0862 , G06F12/0871 , G06F12/14 , G06F2212/1016 , G06F2212/1032 , G06F2212/1052 , G06F2212/2022 , G06F2212/222 , G06F2212/466
摘要： Embodiments of the invention provide techniques for managing cache metadata providing a mapping between addresses on a storage medium (e.g., disk storage) and corresponding addresses on a cache device at which data items are stored. In some embodiments, cache metadata may be stored in a hierarchical data structure comprising a plurality of hierarchy levels. When a reboot of the computer is initiated, only a subset of the plurality of hierarchy levels may be loaded to memory, thereby expediting the process of restoring the cache metadata and thus startup operations. Startup may be further expedited by using cache metadata to perform operations associated with reboot.
摘要翻译：本发明的实施例提供了用于管理提供存储介质（例如，磁盘存储）上的地址与存储数据项的高速缓存设备上的相应地址之间的映射的高速缓存元数据的技术。在一些实施例中，高速缓存元数据可以存储在包括多个层次级别的分层数据结构中。当启动计算机的重新启动时，只有多个层次级别的子集可以被加载到存储器，从而加速恢复高速缓存元数据以及因此启动操作的过程。通过使用缓存元数据来执行与重新启动相关的操作，可以进一步加快启动。

8. 发明申请

US20100070747A1 MANAGING CACHE DATA AND METADATA 有权
标题翻译：管理缓存数据和元数据
公开(公告)号：US20100070747A1
公开(公告)日：2010-03-18
申请号：US12271400
申请日：2008-11-14
申请人： Mehmet Iyigun , Yevgeniy Bak , Michael Fortin , David Fields , Cenk Ergan , Alexander Kirshenbaum
发明人： Mehmet Iyigun , Yevgeniy Bak , Michael Fortin , David Fields , Cenk Ergan , Alexander Kirshenbaum
IPC分类号： G06F17/30 , G06F9/00
CPC分类号： G06F12/0866 , G06F12/0804 , G06F12/0862 , G06F12/0871 , G06F12/14 , G06F2212/1016 , G06F2212/1032 , G06F2212/1052 , G06F2212/2022 , G06F2212/222 , G06F2212/466
摘要： Embodiments of the invention provide techniques for managing cache metadata providing a mapping between addresses on a storage medium (e.g., disk storage) and corresponding addresses on a cache device at data items are stored. In some embodiments, cache metadata may be stored in a hierarchical data structure comprising a plurality of hierarchy levels. Only a subset of the plurality of hierarchy levels may be loaded to memory, thereby reducing the memory “footprint” of cache metadata and expediting the process of restoring the cache metadata during startup operations. Startup may be further expedited by using cache metadata to perform operations associated with reboot. Thereafter, as requests to read data items on the storage medium are processed using cache metadata to identify addresses at which the data items are stored in cache, the identified addresses may be stored in memory. When the computer is later shut down, instead of having to transfer the entirety of the cache metadata from memory to storage, only the subset of the plurality of hierarchy levels and/or the identified addresses previously loaded to memory may be transferred (e.g., to the cache device), thereby expediting the shutdown of the computer.
摘要翻译：本发明的实施例提供了用于管理提供存储介质（例如，磁盘存储）上的地址之间的映射以及数据项上的高速缓存设备上的相应地址的缓存元数据的技术。在一些实施例中，高速缓存元数据可以存储在包括多个层次级别的分层数据结构中。可以仅将多个层次级别的子集加载到存储器，从而减少高速缓存元数据的存储器“占用空间”，并且加快在启动操作期间恢复高速缓存元数据的过程。通过使用缓存元数据来执行与重新启动相关的操作，可以进一步加快启动。此后，当使用高速缓存元数据来处理读取存储介质上的数据项的请求时，识别数据项被存储在高速缓存中的地址，所识别的地址可被存储在存储器中。当计算机稍后关闭时，不是必须将整个高速缓存元数据从存储器传送到存储器，所以只有先前加载到存储器的多个层次级别和/或已识别的地址的子集可以被传送（例如，缓存设备），从而加速计算机的关闭。

9. 发明申请

US20110314202A1 MANAGING CACHE DATA AND METADATA 有权
标题翻译：管理缓存数据和元数据
公开(公告)号：US20110314202A1
公开(公告)日：2011-12-22
申请号：US13221542
申请日：2011-08-30
申请人： Mehmet Iyigun , Yevgeniy Bak , Michael Fortin , David Fields , Cenk Ergan , Alexander Kirshenbaum
发明人： Mehmet Iyigun , Yevgeniy Bak , Michael Fortin , David Fields , Cenk Ergan , Alexander Kirshenbaum
IPC分类号： G06F12/08
CPC分类号： G06F12/0866 , G06F12/0804 , G06F12/0862 , G06F12/0871 , G06F12/14 , G06F2212/1016 , G06F2212/1032 , G06F2212/1052 , G06F2212/2022 , G06F2212/222 , G06F2212/466
摘要： Embodiments of the invention provide techniques for managing cache metadata providing a mapping between addresses on a storage medium (e.g., disk storage) and corresponding addresses on a cache device at data items are stored. In some embodiments, cache metadata may be stored in a hierarchical data structure comprising a plurality of hierarchy levels. When a reboot of the computer is initiated, only a subset of the plurality of hierarchy levels may be loaded to memory, thereby expediting the process of restoring the cache metadata and thus startup operations. Startup may be further expedited by using cache metadata to perform operations associated with reboot. Thereafter, as requests to read data items on the storage medium are processed using cache metadata to identify addresses at which the data items are stored in cache, the identified addresses may be stored in memory. When the computer is later shut down, instead of having to transfer the entirety of the cache metadata from memory to storage, only the subset of the plurality of hierarchy levels and/or the identified addresses previously loaded to memory may be transferred (e.g., to the cache device), thereby expediting the shutdown of the computer.
摘要翻译：本发明的实施例提供了用于管理提供存储介质（例如，磁盘存储）上的地址之间的映射以及数据项上的高速缓存设备上的相应地址的缓存元数据的技术。在一些实施例中，高速缓存元数据可以存储在包括多个层次级别的分层数据结构中。当启动计算机的重新启动时，只有多个层次级别的子集可以被加载到存储器，从而加速恢复高速缓存元数据以及因此启动操作的过程。通过使用缓存元数据来执行与重新启动相关的操作，可以进一步加快启动。此后，当使用高速缓存元数据来处理读取存储介质上的数据项的请求时，识别数据项被存储在高速缓存中的地址，所识别的地址可被存储在存储器中。当计算机稍后关闭时，不是必须将整个高速缓存元数据从存储器传送到存储器，所以只有先前加载到存储器的多个层次级别和/或已识别的地址的子集可以被传送（例如，缓存设备），从而加速计算机的关闭。

10. 发明申请

US20050235119A1 Methods and mechanisms for proactive memory management 失效
标题翻译：主动记忆管理的方法和机制
公开(公告)号：US20050235119A1
公开(公告)日：2005-10-20
申请号：US11150686
申请日：2005-06-09
申请人： Stuart Sechrest , Michael Fortin , Mehmet Iyigun , Cenk Ergan
发明人： Stuart Sechrest , Michael Fortin , Mehmet Iyigun , Cenk Ergan
IPC分类号： G06F12/00 , G06F3/06 , G06F9/30 , G06F9/46 , G06F11/07 , G06F12/02 , G06F12/06 , G06F12/08 , G06F12/10 , G06F12/12 , G06F13/18
CPC分类号： G06F12/121 , G06F12/122
摘要： A proactive, resilient and self-tuning memory management system and method that result in actual and perceived performance improvements in memory management, by loading and maintaining data that is likely to be needed into memory, before the data is actually needed. The system includes mechanisms directed towards historical memory usage monitoring, memory usage analysis, refreshing memory with highly-valued (e.g., highly utilized) pages, I/O pre-fetching efficiency, and aggressive disk management. Based on the memory usage information, pages are prioritized with relative values, and mechanisms work to pre-fetch and/or maintain the more valuable pages in memory. Pages are pre-fetched and maintained in a prioritized standby page set that includes a number of subsets, by which more valuable pages remain in memory over less valuable pages. Valuable data that is paged out may be automatically brought back, in a resilient manner. Benefits include significantly reducing or even eliminating disk I/O due to memory page faults.
摘要翻译：一种主动，有弹性和自调整的内存管理系统和方法，在实际需要数据之前，通过在可能需要的内存中加载和维护数据，从而实现内存管理的实际和可察觉的性能改进。该系统包括针对历史存储器使用监视，存储器使用分析，具有高价值（例如，高度利用）页面的刷新存储器，I / O预取效率和激进磁盘管理的机制。基于内存使用信息，页面将以相对值为优先级，并且机制可以预先获取和/或维护内存中更有价值的页面。页面被预先抓取并维护在优先级备用页面集中，其包括多个子集，通过这些子集，更有价值的页面保留在不太有价值的页面上的内存中。可以以弹性方式自动带回分页的宝贵数据。优点包括显着减少或甚至消除由于内存页错误导致的磁盘I / O。

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