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1. 发明授权

US4288425A Method and apparatuses for electrophoretic immunoassay 失效
标题翻译：电泳免疫测定方法和装置
公开(公告)号：US4288425A
公开(公告)日：1981-09-08
申请号：US8203
申请日：1979-01-31
申请人： Martin J. Lee , Leonard Ornstein
发明人： Martin J. Lee , Leonard Ornstein
IPC分类号： G01N27/447 , G01N33/561 , G01N33/48
CPC分类号： G01N27/44773 , G01N27/44747
摘要： Methods and apparatuses are featured for preconcentrating immunological reactants prior to their contact and reaction, to greatly enhance the rate of reaction and the sensitivity. The preconcentration is accomplished within the reaction medium and is followed automatically by the separation of unreacted and reacted reactants resulting in a simplified and compact apparatus.
摘要翻译：方法和装置用于在接触和反应之前预浓缩免疫反应物，以大大提高反应速率和灵敏度。预浓缩在反应介质中完成，并通过分离未反应和反应的反应物自动进行，从而得到简化和紧凑的装置。

2. 发明授权

US5122453A Method for discriminating surface stained lymphocytes 失效
标题翻译：辨别表面染色淋巴细胞的方法
公开(公告)号：US5122453A
公开(公告)日：1992-06-16
申请号：US188803
申请日：1988-05-03
申请人： Grace E. Martin , Robert J. Kanter , Young R. Kim , Leonard Ornstein , Hudson R. Ansley
发明人： Grace E. Martin , Robert J. Kanter , Young R. Kim , Leonard Ornstein , Hudson R. Ansley
IPC分类号： G01N33/569
CPC分类号： G01N33/56972 , Y10S436/805 , Y10S436/825
摘要： A flow cytometry method for reproducibly detecting and counting a lymphocyte population of interest in a leukocyte suspension or whole blood sample in which the red cells are subsequently lysed. The suspension (or sample) is combined with a reagent comprising a primary antibody, either native, carrying an attached enzyme or biotin or other label, and a fixative reagent, in either order. Where the enzyme is not attached, an enzyme is coupled specifically to the primary antibody. The fixed suspension is reacted with a color-producing enzyme-cytochemical reagent. The suspension, now including stained and unstained fixed cells, is passed through a flow cytometer and the cells are characterized and counted on the basis of their light-scattering and light-absorbing properties.
摘要翻译：一种用于可重复地检测和计数白细胞悬浮液或全血样品中感兴趣的淋巴细胞群的流式细胞术方法，其中红细胞随后被裂解。将悬浮液（或样品）与包含天然的，携带附着的酶或生物素或其它标记的一级抗体和固定剂的试剂以任何顺序组合。当酶不连接时，酶与第一抗体特异性地偶联。将固定的悬浮液与产生色素的酶 - 细胞化学试剂反应。现在包括染色和未染色的固定细胞的悬浮液通过流式细胞仪，并且基于它们的光散射和光吸收性质对细胞进行表征和计数。

3. 发明授权

US5438003A Reagent compositions for use in the identification and characterization of reticulocytes in whole blood 失效
标题翻译：用于鉴定和表征全血网织红细胞的试剂组合物
公开(公告)号：US5438003A
公开(公告)日：1995-08-01
申请号：US961591
申请日：1992-10-15
申请人： Gregory M. Colella , Daniel Ben-David , Albert Cupo , Sophie S. Fan , Gena Fischer , Grace E. Martin , Leonard Ornstein
发明人： Gregory M. Colella , Daniel Ben-David , Albert Cupo , Sophie S. Fan , Gena Fischer , Grace E. Martin , Leonard Ornstein
IPC分类号： G01N15/14 , G01N1/30 , G01N21/27 , G01N21/64 , G01N33/48 , G01N33/487 , G01N33/49 , G01N33/50 , G01N33/72 , G01N33/80
CPC分类号： G01N33/80 , G01N1/30 , G01N33/5094 , Y10S436/80 , Y10T436/10 , Y10T436/101666 , Y10T436/107497
摘要： A reagent composition which includes organic cationic dyes for staining the reticulocytes in a blood sample and buffer solutions for maintaining a pH of about 6 to about 9 is provided. The dyes may be the blue absorption dyes Oxazine 750 or New Methylene Blue. A zwitterionic surfactant is included in the reagent composition for isovolumetric sphering of the reticulocytes and erythrocytes. The reagent composition and whole blood sample mixture are passed through the sensing region of a flow cytometer. The light scattered and absorbed by each cell is measured; the erythrocytes can be distinguished from reticulocytes and the volume, hemoglobin concentration and the hemoglobin content of each reticulocyte or erythrocyte, and the mean cell volume, mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration, and mean cell hemoglobin of the reticulocytes or erythrocytes are calculated from the measured cell-by-cell volume and hemoglobin concentration.
摘要翻译：提供了一种试剂组合物，其包括用于染色血液样品中的网织红细胞的有机阳离子染料和用于保持约6至约9的pH的缓冲溶液。染料可以是蓝色吸收染料Oxazine 750或New Methylene Blue。用于网织红细胞和红细胞的等容体积的试剂组合物中包含两性离子表面活性剂。试剂组合物和全血样品混合物通过流式细胞仪的感测区域。测量每个电池散射和吸收的光; 红细胞可以与网织红细胞区分开，并从测定的细胞 - 细胞计算出网织红细胞或红细胞的体积，血红蛋白浓度和每种网织红细胞或红细胞的血红蛋白含量，平均细胞体积，平均红细胞血红蛋白浓度和平均细胞血红蛋白，细胞内体积和血红蛋白浓度。

4. 发明授权

US4412004A Method for treating red blood cells to effect sphering and reagent therefor 失效
标题翻译：红细胞治疗方法及其试剂
公开(公告)号：US4412004A
公开(公告)日：1983-10-25
申请号：US277539
申请日：1981-06-26
申请人： Leonard Ornstein , Young R. Kim
发明人： Leonard Ornstein , Young R. Kim
IPC分类号： G01N21/51 , G01N33/49 , G01N33/96 , G01N33/48 , G01N21/49
CPC分类号： G01N33/96 , G01N2496/05 , Y10T436/101666 , Y10T436/106664
摘要： A method is disclosed of blood serum sample preparation for improved, more accurate and precise, electro-optical method for measuring erythrocyte volumes, individually and as an average.
摘要翻译：公开了一种血清样品制备方法，用于单独和平均测量红细胞体积的改进，更准确和精确的电光方法。

5. 发明授权

US5590218A Unsupervised neural network classification with back propagation 失效
标题翻译：无监督神经网络分类与反向传播
公开(公告)号：US5590218A
公开(公告)日：1996-12-31
申请号：US481108
申请日：1995-06-07
申请人： Leonard Ornstein
发明人： Leonard Ornstein
IPC分类号： G06N3/08 , G06K9/62
CPC分类号： G06K9/6267 , G06N3/088 , Y10S128/925
摘要： An unsupervised back propagation method for training neural networks. For a set of inputs, target outputs are assigned l's and O's randomly or arbitrarily for a small number of outputs. The learning process is initiated and the convergence of outputs towards targets is monitored. At intervals, the learning is paused, and the values for those targets for the outputs which are converging at a less than average rate, are changed (e.g., 0.fwdarw.1, or 1.fwdarw.0), and the learning is then resumed with the new targets. The process is continuously iterated and the outputs converge on a stable classification, thereby providing unsupervised back propagation. In a further embodiment, samples classified with the trained network may serve as the training sets for additional subdivisions to grow additional layers of a hierarchical classification tree which converges to indivisible branch tips. After training is completed, such a tree may be used to classify new unlabelled samples with high efficiency. In yet another embodiment, the unsupervised back propagation method of the present invention may be adapted to classify fuzzy sets.
摘要翻译：一种用于训练神经网络的无监督反向传播方法。对于一组输入，对于少量输出，目标输出被随机或任意地分配l和o。开始学习过程，监测产出对目标的趋同。每隔一段时间，学习被暂停，并且以小于平均速率收敛的输出的那些目标的值被改变（例如，0-> 1或1-> 0），并且然后恢复学习与新的目标。该过程不断迭代，输出收敛于稳定的分类，从而提供无监督的反向传播。在进一步的实施例中，被分类为经过训练的网络的样本可以用作用于附加细分的训练集，以生长收敛到不可分支分支提示的分层分类树的附加层。训练完成后，可以使用这样一棵树来高效地分类新的未标记的样品。在另一个实施例中，本发明的无监督反向传播方法可以适于对模糊集进行分类。

6. 发明授权

US5350695A Methods for the identification and characterization of reticulocytes in whole blood 失效
标题翻译：全血中网织红细胞的鉴定和表征方法
公开(公告)号：US5350695A
公开(公告)日：1994-09-27
申请号：US802593
申请日：1991-12-05
申请人： Gregory M. Colella , Daniel Ben-David , Albert Cupo , Sophie S. Fan , Gena Fischer , Grace E. Martin , Leonard Ornstein
发明人： Gregory M. Colella , Daniel Ben-David , Albert Cupo , Sophie S. Fan , Gena Fischer , Grace E. Martin , Leonard Ornstein
IPC分类号： G01N15/14 , G01N1/30 , G01N21/27 , G01N21/64 , G01N33/48 , G01N33/487 , G01N33/49 , G01N33/50 , G01N33/72 , G01N33/80
CPC分类号： G01N33/80 , G01N1/30 , G01N33/5094 , Y10S436/80 , Y10T436/10 , Y10T436/101666 , Y10T436/107497
摘要： Methods for characterizing and distinguishing reticulocytes and mature red blood cells use reagent compositions which include organic cationic dyes for staining the reticulocytes in the blood sample and buffer solutions for maintaining a pH of about 6 to about 9. The dyes may be the blue absorption dyes Oxazine 750 or New Methylene Blue. When a zwitterionic surfactant is included in the reagent composition for isovolumetric sphering of the reticulocytes and erythrocytes, and the reagent composition and whole blood sample mixture is passed through the sensing region of a flow cytometer, the light scattered and absorbed by each cell is measured, the erythrocytes can be distinguished from reticulocytes and the volume, hemoglobin concentration and the hemoglobin content of each reticulocyte or erythrocyte, and the mean cell volume, mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration, and mean cell hemoglobin of the reticulocytes or erythrocytes are calculated from the measured cell-by-cell volume and hemoglobin concentration. One method also includes adjusting the measured absorption signals for pseudo-absorption.
摘要翻译：表征和区分网织红细胞和成熟红细胞的方法使用试剂组合物，其包括用于染色血液样品中的网织红细胞的有机阳离子染料和用于保持约6至约9的pH的缓冲溶液。染料可以是蓝色吸收染料恶嗪 750或新亚甲基蓝。当用于网织红细胞和红细胞的等容体积的试剂组合物中包含两性离子表面活性剂时，并且将试剂组合物和全血样品混合物通过流式细胞仪的感测区域，测量每个细胞散射和吸收的光，红细胞可以与网织红细胞区分开，并从测定的细胞 - 细胞计算出网织红细胞或红细胞的体积，血红蛋白浓度和每种网织红细胞或红细胞的血红蛋白含量，平均细胞体积，平均红细胞血红蛋白浓度和平均细胞血红蛋白，细胞内体积和血红蛋白浓度。一种方法还包括调整测量的吸收信号用于伪吸收。

7. 发明授权

US5284771A Reagent compositions and their use in sphering cells 失效
标题翻译：试剂组合物及其在球形细胞中的应用
公开(公告)号：US5284771A
公开(公告)日：1994-02-08
申请号：US802674
申请日：1991-12-05
申请人： Sophie S. Fan , Daniel Ben-David , Albert Cupo , Gena Fischer , Grace E. Martin , Leonard Ornstein , Gregory M. Colella
发明人： Sophie S. Fan , Daniel Ben-David , Albert Cupo , Gena Fischer , Grace E. Martin , Leonard Ornstein , Gregory M. Colella
IPC分类号： G01N15/14 , G01N21/27 , G01N21/64 , G01N33/48 , G01N33/49 , G01N33/50 , G01N33/68 , G01N33/80 , G01N33/96 , G01N1/30
CPC分类号： G01N33/5002 , G01N15/1459 , G01N33/80 , G01N33/96 , G01N2015/1402 , G01N2015/1477 , Y10T436/10 , Y10T436/101666 , Y10T436/102499 , Y10T436/107497 , Y10T436/108331
摘要： Methods for blood sample preparation using reagent compositions which include a zwitterionic surfactant for sphering of cells to eliminate orientational noise. When the reagent composition including a for staining a subset of cells is reacted with an anticoagulated blood sample, and the reaction mixture is passed through the sensing region of a flow cytometer, the light scattered and absorbed by each cell is measured, the stained cells can be distinguished from the unstained cells, and when the cells are reticulocytes and mature erythrocytes, respectively, the volume and hemoglobin concentration of each reticulocyte or erythrocyte, and the hemoglobin content, mean cell volume, mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration, and mean cell hemoglobin of the reticulocytes or erythrocytes are calculated from the measured cell-by-cell volume and hemoglobin concentration.
摘要翻译：使用试剂组合物进行血液样品制备的方法，所述试剂组合物包括两性离子表面活性剂用于细胞的细胞以消除取向噪声。当包含用于染色细胞子集的试剂组合物与抗凝血液样品反应，并且反应混合物通过流式细胞仪的感测区域时，测量每个细胞散射和吸收的光，染色的细胞可以与未染色细胞不同，细胞分别为网织红细胞和成熟红细胞时，每个网织红细胞或红细胞的体积和血红蛋白浓度，血红蛋白含量，平均细胞体积，平均红细胞血红蛋白浓度和平均细胞血红蛋白浓度网织红细胞或红细胞由测定的细胞间细胞体积和血红蛋白浓度计算。

8. 发明授权

US4120991A Process for mounting tissue sections with an U.V. light curable mounting medium 失效
标题翻译：用U.V.安装组织切片的方法光固化安装介质
公开(公告)号：US4120991A
公开(公告)日：1978-10-17
申请号：US749557
申请日：1976-12-10
申请人： Leonard Ornstein , Hazel Elizabeth Williams , Julius Intraub
发明人： Leonard Ornstein , Hazel Elizabeth Williams , Julius Intraub
IPC分类号： G01N1/28 , G01N1/30 , G01N1/31 , G01N33/48 , G02B21/34
CPC分类号： G01N1/312
摘要： Apparatus and method for permanently and protectively mounting "wet" thin sections of biological specimens on microscope slides, wherein each specimen is initially bathed in a low-volatile solvent containing a low concentration of first polymerizable material. Such solvent is allowed to evaporate, whereby the liquid polymerizable material permeates and protects the specimen. Following solvent evaporation, a second polymerizable material is layered over the specimen. Preferably, the first and second polymerizable materials comprise a mixture of low-volatility, low-viscosity, liquid acrylic reactomers and a U.V. light-sensitive catalyst system. A conventional cover slip or other planar transparent member can be positioned over the polymerizable materials, and the same are polymerized by exposure to U.V. radiation. The first and second now-polymerized materials encapsulate the specimen on the microscope slide, become integral and completely hardened and are fully devoid of any solvent. The microscope slide is immediately available for examination.
摘要翻译：用于在显微镜载玻片上永久且保护性地将“湿”薄的生物样品安装的装置和方法，其中每个样品最初浸入含有低浓度第一可聚合材料的低挥发性溶剂中。允许这样的溶剂蒸发，从而液体可聚合材料渗透并保护样品。溶剂蒸发后，在样品上层叠第二可聚合材料。优选地，第一和第二可聚合材料包括低挥发性，低粘度，液体丙烯酸类反应物和U.V.的混合物。光敏催化剂体系。常规的覆盖层或其他平面透明构件可以位于可聚合材料上方，并且它们通过暴露于U.V. 辐射。第一个和第二个现在聚合的材料将样品包封在显微镜载玻片上，变成一体并完全硬化，完全没有任何溶剂。显微镜载玻片立即可供检查。

9. 发明授权

US5360739A Methods for the identification and characterization of reticulocytes in whole blood 失效
标题翻译：全血中网织红细胞的鉴定和表征方法
公开(公告)号：US5360739A
公开(公告)日：1994-11-01
申请号：US802585
申请日：1991-12-05
申请人： Sophie S. Fan , Daniel Ben-David , Gregory M. Colella , Albert Cupo , Gena Fischer , Leonard Ornstein
发明人： Sophie S. Fan , Daniel Ben-David , Gregory M. Colella , Albert Cupo , Gena Fischer , Leonard Ornstein
IPC分类号： G01N1/30 , G01N15/14 , G01N21/27 , G01N21/64 , G01N33/48 , G01N33/487 , G01N33/49 , G01N33/50 , G01N33/72 , G01N33/80
CPC分类号： G01N33/80 , G01N1/30 , G01N15/1459 , G01N33/5094 , G01N1/38 , G01N15/1463 , G01N2015/0076 , G01N2015/1486 , Y10S436/80 , Y10T436/10 , Y10T436/101666
摘要： Methods for characterizing and distinguishing reticulocytes and mature red blood cells use reagent compositions which include an organic cationic dye for staining the reticulocytes in the blood sample and a buffer solution for maintaining a pH of about 6 to about 9. The dyes may be the red excitable fluorescent dye Oxazine 750, or the blue excitable fluorescent dyes Acridine Orange or derivatives of Acridine Orange. When a zwitterionic surfactant is included in the reagent composition for isovolumetric sphering of the reticulocytes and erythrocytes, and the reagent composition and whole blood sample mixture is passed through the sensing region of a flow cytometer, the light scattered through at least one angular interval and that fluoresced by each cell is measured, the erythrocytes can be distinguished from reticulocytes and the volume, hemoglobin concentration and the hemoglobin content of each reticulocyte or erythrocyte, and the mean cell volume, mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration, and mean cell hemoglobin of the reticulocytes and/or erythrocytes are calculated from the measured cell-by-cell volume and hemoglobin concentration.
摘要翻译：表征和区分网织红细胞和成熟红细胞的方法使用试剂组合物，其包括用于染色血液样品中的网织红细胞的有机阳离子染料和用于保持约6至约9的pH的缓冲溶液。染料可以是红色可激发荧光染料Oxazine 750，或蓝色可激发荧光染料吖啶橙或吖啶橙衍生物。当用于网织红细胞和红细胞的等容体积的试剂组合物中包含两性离子表面活性剂时，试剂组合物和全血样品混合物通过流式细胞计数器的感测区域时，散射在至少一个角度间隔的光，测量每个细胞发荧光的红细胞，网织红细胞和网织红细胞或红细胞的体积，血红蛋白浓度和血红蛋白含量以及网织红细胞的平均细胞体积，平均红细胞血红蛋白浓度和平均细胞血红蛋白和/ 或红细胞从测量的细胞逐个体积和血红蛋白浓度计算。

10. 发明授权

US4307070A Methods and apparatuses for performing immunoassays 失效
标题翻译：用于进行免疫测定的方法和装置
公开(公告)号：US4307070A
公开(公告)日：1981-12-22
申请号：US8202
申请日：1979-01-31
申请人： Bruce J. Oberhardt , Leonard Ornstein
发明人： Bruce J. Oberhardt , Leonard Ornstein
IPC分类号： G01N27/26 , G01N27/447 , G01N33/561 , G01N33/48 , G01T1/00
CPC分类号： G01N27/447 , G01N33/561 , Y10S436/825
摘要： Methods and apparatuses are featured for preconcentrating immunological reactants prior to their contact and reaction to enhance the rate of reaction for separating reacted and unreacted reactants and, also, to increase the sensitivity at the detector-measuring system. The preconcentration of the reactants finds particular use in immunoassays, where very often an immunospecies is very dilute causing a time consuming and/or insensitive assay. The preconcentration and separation are accomplished within the reaction medium resulting in a simplified and compact apparatus.
摘要翻译：方法和装置的特征在于在接触和反应之前预浓缩免疫反应物以提高用于分离反应的和未反应的反应物的反应速率，并且还提高检测器测量系统的灵敏度。反应物的预浓缩物在免疫测定中特别有用，其中非常常见的是免疫物质非常稀释，导致耗时和/或不敏感的测定。预浓缩和分离在反应介质内完成，得到简化且紧凑的装置。

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