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1. 发明授权

US06310990B1 Tunable optical structure featuring feedback control 有权
标题翻译：具有反馈控制的可调光学结构
公开(公告)号：US06310990B1
公开(公告)日：2001-10-30
申请号：US09519802
申请日：2000-03-06
申请人： Martin A. Putnam , Robert N. Brucato , Michael A. Davis , David G. Bellemore , Walter A. Helm
发明人： Martin A. Putnam , Robert N. Brucato , Michael A. Davis , David G. Bellemore , Walter A. Helm
IPC分类号： G02B600
CPC分类号： G02B6/022 , G01D5/35316 , G01D5/35377 , G01L1/246 , G02F1/011
摘要： A tunable optical device has a compression tuned optical structure and a displacement sensor. The compression tuned optical structure responds to an optical signal, and further responds to a displacement sensor signal, for providing a compression tuned optical structure signal containing information about a change in an optical characteristic of the compression tuned optical structure, and for also further providing an excitation caused by a change in a displacement of the compression tuned optical structure. The displacement sensor responds to the excitation, for providing a displacement sensor signal containing information about the change in the displacement of the compression tuned optical structure. The compression tuned optical structure may be in the form of a dogbone structure that is an all-glass compression unit having wider end portions separated by a narrower intermediate portion. The displacement sensor includes a capacitance sensor affixed to the compression tuned optical structure for measuring a change in capacitance between two parallel and opposing plates that depends on a change in a gap or an area with respect to the two parallel and opposing plates.
摘要翻译：可调谐光学器件具有压缩调谐光学结构和位移传感器。压缩调谐光学结构响应光信号，并进一步响应位移传感器信号，用于提供包含关于压缩调谐光学结构的光学特性的变化的信息的压缩调谐光学结构信号，并且还进一步提供由压缩调谐光学结构的位移的变化引起的激励。位移传感器响应于激励，用于提供包含关于压缩调谐光学结构的位移变化的信息的位移传感器信号。压缩调谐光学结构可以是狗骨架结构的形式，其是具有由较窄中间部分分开的较宽端部的全玻璃压缩单元。位移传感器包括固定到压缩调谐光学结构上的电容传感器，用于测量取决于相对于两个平行和相对的板的间隙或面积的变化的两个平行板和相对板之间的电容变化。

2. 发明授权

US06363089B1 Compression-tuned Bragg grating and laser 有权
标题翻译：压缩调谐布拉格光栅和激光
公开(公告)号：US06363089B1
公开(公告)日：2002-03-26
申请号：US09691997
申请日：2000-10-19
申请人： Mark R. Fernald , Timothy J. Bailey , Matthew B. Miller , James M. Sullivan , Michael A. Davis , Robert N. Brucato , Martin A. Putnam , Alan D. Kersey , Paul E. Sanders
发明人： Mark R. Fernald , Timothy J. Bailey , Matthew B. Miller , James M. Sullivan , Michael A. Davis , Robert N. Brucato , Martin A. Putnam , Alan D. Kersey , Paul E. Sanders
IPC分类号： H01S310
CPC分类号： G02F1/0115 , G02B6/0218 , G02B6/022 , G02F1/0128 , G02F2201/307
摘要： A compression-tuned bragg grating includes a tunable optical element 20,600 which includes either an optical fiber 10 having at least one Bragg grating 12 impressed therein encased within and fused to at least a portion of a glass capillary tube 20or a large diameter waveguide grating 600 having a core and a wide cladding. Light 14 is incident on the grating 12 and light 16 is reflected at a reflection wavelength &lgr;1. The tunable element 20,600 is axially compressed which causes a shift in the reflection wavelength of the grating 12 without buckling the element. The shape of the element may be other geometries (e.g., a “dogbone” shape) and/or more than one grating or pair of gratings may be used and more than one fiber 10 or core 612 may be used. At least a portion of the element may be doped between a pair of gratings 150,152, to form a compression-tuned laser or the grating 12 or gratings 150,152 may be constructed as a tunable DFB laser. Also, the element 20 may have an inner tapered region 22 or tapered (or fluted) sections 27. The compression may be done by a PZT, stepper motor or other actuator or fluid pressure.
摘要翻译：压缩调谐布拉格光栅包括可调谐光学元件20,600，其包括光纤10，其具有印刷在其中的至少一个布拉格光栅12，该光纤10被封装在玻璃毛细管20或大直径波导光栅600的至少一部分中并且熔合到其中，一个核心和宽广的包层。光14入射到光栅12上，光16以反射波长lambd1反射。可调谐元件20,600被轴向压缩，这导致光栅12的反射波长的偏移而不使元件弯曲。元件的形状可以是其他几何形状（例如，“狗骨”形状）和/或可以使用多于一个的光栅或一对光栅，并且可以使用多于一个的光纤10或核612。元件的至少一部分可以掺杂在一对光栅150,152之间，以形成压缩调谐的激光器，或者光栅12或光栅150,152可被构造为可调DFB激光器。此外，元件20可以具有内锥形区域22或锥形（或凹槽）部分27.压缩可以由PZT，步进电动机或其他致动器或流体压力来实现。

3. 发明授权

US06519388B1 Tube-encased fiber grating 有权
标题翻译：管状光纤光栅
公开(公告)号：US06519388B1
公开(公告)日：2003-02-11
申请号：US09455865
申请日：1999-12-06
申请人： Mark R. Fernald , Timothy J. Bailey , Matthew B. Miller , James M. Sullivan , Michael A. Davis , Peter Ogle , Alan D. Kersey , Martin A. Putnam , Robert N. Brucato , Paul E. Sanders
发明人： Mark R. Fernald , Timothy J. Bailey , Matthew B. Miller , James M. Sullivan , Michael A. Davis , Peter Ogle , Alan D. Kersey , Martin A. Putnam , Robert N. Brucato , Paul E. Sanders
IPC分类号： G02B634
CPC分类号： G02B6/022 , G02B6/0218
摘要： A tube-encased fiber grating includes an optical fiber 10 having at least one Bragg grating 12 impressed therein which is embedded within a glass capillary tube 20. Light 14 is incident on the grating 12 and light 16 is reflected at a reflection wavelength &lgr;1. The shape of the tube 20 may be other geometries (e.g., a “dogbone” shape) and/or more than one concentric tube may be used or more than one grating or pair of gratings may be used. The fiber 10 may be doped at least between a pair of gratings 150,152, encased in the tube 20 to form a tube-encased compression-tuned fiber laser or the grating 12 or gratings 150,152 may be constructed as a tunable DFB fiber laser encased in the tube 20. Also, the tube 20 may have an inner region 22 which is tapered away from the fiber 10 to provide strain relief for the fiber 10, or the tube 20 may have tapered (or fluted) sections 27 which have an outer geometry that decreases down to the fiber 10 and provides added fiber pull strength. Also, the tube-encased grating 12 exhibits lower mode coupling from the fiber core to the cladding modes due to the increased diameter of the cladding where the tube 20 is fused to the fiber 10 where the grating is located 12.
摘要翻译：管状光纤光栅包括光纤10，其具有嵌入其中的至少一个布拉格光栅12，该布拉格光栅12嵌入玻璃毛细管20内。光14入射到光栅12上，光16以反射波长lambd1反射。管20的形状可以是其他几何形状（例如，“狗骨”形状）和/或可以使用多于一个的同心管，或者可以使用多于一个的光栅或一对光栅。纤维10可以至少掺杂在一对光栅150,152之间，封装在管20中以形成管封装的压缩调谐光纤激光器，或者光栅12或光栅150,152可被构造为包含在该光纤12中的可调DFB光纤激光器。管20也可以具有内部区域22，该内部区域22远离纤维10逐渐变细，以为纤维10提供应变消除，或者管20可以具有锥形（或凹槽）部分27，其具有外部几何形状降低到纤维10并提供增加的纤维拉伸强度。此外，由于包层的直径增加，管20被熔合到光栅位于12处的光纤10，管状光栅12表现出从纤维芯到包层模式的较低模式耦合。

4. 发明授权

US06776045B2 Bragg grating pressure sensor for industrial sensing applications 有权
标题翻译：用于工业传感应用的布拉格光栅压力传感器
公开(公告)号：US06776045B2
公开(公告)日：2004-08-17
申请号：US10007735
申请日：2001-11-08
申请人： Mark R. Fernald , Timothy J. Bailey , Matthew B. Miller , James M. Sullivan , James R. Dunphy , Michael A. Davis , Christopher J. Wright , Alan D. Kersey , Martin A. Putnam , Robert N. Brucato , Paul E. Sanders
发明人： Mark R. Fernald , Timothy J. Bailey , Matthew B. Miller , James M. Sullivan , James R. Dunphy , Michael A. Davis , Christopher J. Wright , Alan D. Kersey , Martin A. Putnam , Robert N. Brucato , Paul E. Sanders
IPC分类号： G01L900
CPC分类号： G01L11/025
摘要： A fiber grating pressure sensor for use in an industrial process includes an optical sensing element 20,600 which includes an optical fiber 10 having a Bragg grating 12 impressed therein which is encased within and fused to at least a portion of a glass capillary tube 20 and/or a large diameter waveguide grating 600 having a core and a wide cladding and which has an outer transverse dimension of at least 0.3 mm. Light 14 is incident on the grating 12 and light 16 is reflected from the grating 12 at a reflection wavelength &lgr;1. The sensing element 20,600 may be used by itself as a sensor or located within a housing 48,60,90,270,300. When external pressure P increases, the grating 12 is compressed and the reflection wavelength &lgr;1 changes. The shape of the sensing element 20,600 may have other geometries, e.g., a “dogbone” shape, so as to enhance the sensitivity of shift in &lgr;1 due to applied external pressure and may be fused to an outer shell 50. A temperature grating 270 may be used to measure temperature and allow for a temperature-corrected pressure measurement. The sensor may be suspended within an outer housing 112, by a fluid, spacers, or other means. The sensor may also be combined with an instrument, an opto-electronic converter and a controller in an industrial process control system.
摘要翻译：用于工业过程的光纤光栅压力传感器包括光学传感元件20,600，光学传感元件20,600包括光纤10，该光纤10具有印刷在其中的布拉格光栅12，该布置光栅12被封装在玻璃毛细管20的至少一部分内并与其融合，和/或具有芯和宽包层并且具有至少0.3mm的外横向尺寸的大直径波导光栅600。光14入射到光栅12上，光16以反射波长λ1从光栅12反射。感测元件20,600可以自身用作传感器或位于壳体48,60,270,300内。当外部压力P增加时，光栅12被压缩，反射波长λ1变化。感测元件20,600的形状可以具有其他几何形状，例如“狗骨”形状，以便增强由于施加的外部压力而导致的λ1偏移的灵敏度，并且可以将其熔合到外壳50.温度光栅270可以用于测量温度并允许进行温度校正的压力测量。传感器可以通过流体，间隔件或其他装置悬挂在外壳体112内。传感器还可以与工业过程控制系统中的仪器，光电转换器和控制器组合。

5. 发明授权

US06668656B2 Optical sensor having differing diameters 有权
标题翻译：具有不同直径的光学传感器
公开(公告)号：US06668656B2
公开(公告)日：2003-12-30
申请号：US10191710
申请日：2002-07-09
申请人： Mark R. Fernald , Timothy J. Bailey , Matthew B. Miller , James M. Sullivan , James R. Dunphy , Michael A. Davis , Christopher J. Wright , Alan D. Kersey , Martin A. Putnam , Robert N. Brucato , Paul E. Sanders
发明人： Mark R. Fernald , Timothy J. Bailey , Matthew B. Miller , James M. Sullivan , James R. Dunphy , Michael A. Davis , Christopher J. Wright , Alan D. Kersey , Martin A. Putnam , Robert N. Brucato , Paul E. Sanders
IPC分类号： G01L900
CPC分类号： G01L11/025
摘要： A fiber Bragg grating based sensor is disclosed. The sensor comprises an optical waveguide having a core and a cladding. The core comprises a pressure sensor such as a fiber Bragg grating. In one embodiment, a support is affixed around the cladding which has two first portions each having a first diameter. The pressure sensor is located at a second portion of the support positioned between the two first portions which has a second smaller diameter, thus giving the sensor a “dog bone” shape. In another embodiment, the dog bone shape is imparted by positioning the pressure sensor at a portion of a waveguide having a reduced cladding diameter.
摘要翻译：公开了一种基于光纤布拉格光栅的传感器。传感器包括具有芯和包层的光波导。核心包括诸如光纤布拉格光栅的压力传感器。在一个实施例中，支撑件固定在包层周围，该包层具有两个各自具有第一直径的第一部分。所述压力传感器位于所述支撑件的位于所述两个第一部分之间的第二部分，所述第二部分具有第二较小的直径，从而使所述传感器成为“狗骨”形状。在另一个实施例中，通过将压力传感器定位在具有减小的包层直径的波导的部分处来施加狗骨形状。

6. 发明授权

US06470036B1 Tunable external cavity semiconductor laser incorporating a tunable bragg grating 有权
标题翻译：结合可调谐布拉格光栅的可调谐外腔半导体激光器
公开(公告)号：US06470036B1
公开(公告)日：2002-10-22
申请号：US09705326
申请日：2000-11-03
申请人： Timothy J. Bailey , Robert N. Brucato , Michael A. Davis , Alan D. Kersey , Martin A. Putnam , Paul E. Sanders , James S. Sirkis
发明人： Timothy J. Bailey , Robert N. Brucato , Michael A. Davis , Alan D. Kersey , Martin A. Putnam , Paul E. Sanders , James S. Sirkis
IPC分类号： H01S310
CPC分类号： H01S5/141 , H01S3/1053 , H01S3/1055 , H01S5/02248
摘要： A tunable external cavity semiconductor laser incorporating a tunable Bragg grating, including: a semiconductor gain medium; an elongated tuner housing having a tuner housing head and having a tuner housing foot, the tuner housing head and tuner housing foot being rigidly connected; a span of waveguide having a Bragg grating, for receiving the source light and for providing in turn the reflected light, and having a waveguide head and a waveguide foot, the waveguide head abutting the tuner housing head and the waveguide foot disposed toward the tuner housing foot; a piezoelectric crystal or other device or arrangement for providing a compressive force, disposed so as to abut the waveguide foot and also to abut the tuner housing foot, the means for applying a compressive force for exerting a compressive force on the span of waveguide along the direction of the axis of the span of waveguide, the compressive force being sufficient to alter the grating so as to affect the wavelength of light reflected by the grating. In some applications, the waveguide includes sections of different thicknesses, each having a sampled grating, the two sampled gratings being created so that at any given compressive force exerted by the piezoelectric crystal, the two gratings reflect at most one wavelength in common. The tunable laser in such an application therefore behaves as a stepped tunable laser.
摘要翻译：一种包含可调谐布拉格光栅的可调谐外腔半导体激光器，包括：半导体增益介质; 具有调谐器壳体头部并且具有调谐器壳体脚的细长调谐器壳体，调谐器壳体头部和调谐器壳体脚刚性连接; 具有布拉格光栅的波导的跨距，用于接收源光并反过来提供反射光，并具有波导头和波导脚，波导头邻近调谐器壳体头部和朝向调谐器壳体设置的波导脚脚丫子; 用于提供压缩力的压电晶体或其它装置或装置，其设置成邻接波导脚并且还抵靠调谐器壳体脚，用于施加压缩力以在波导跨度上施加压缩力的装置沿着波导跨距的方向，压缩力足以改变光栅，以便影响由光栅反射的光的波长。在一些应用中，波导包括不同厚度的部分，每个具有采样的光栅，两个采样的光栅被创建，使得在由压电晶体施加的任何给定的压缩力下，两个光栅共同反射至多一个波长。因此，在这种应用中的可调谐激光器作为阶梯式可调谐激光器。

7. 发明授权

US07062126B2 Tunable optical filter having large diameter optical waveguide with bragg grating and being configured for reducing the bulk modulus of compressibility thereof 有权
标题翻译：具有布拉格光栅的具有大直径光波导的可调谐滤光器，并且被配置为减小其压缩率的体积弹性模量
公开(公告)号：US07062126B2
公开(公告)日：2006-06-13
申请号：US10453880
申请日：2003-06-02
申请人： Alan D. Kersey , Mark R. Fernald , Timothy J. Bailey , Michael A. Davis , Thomas W. Engel , Robert N. Brucato , Richard T. Jones , Trevor W. MacDougall , Matthew B. Miller , Paul E. Sanders , James S. Sirkis , James M. Sullivan , Martin A. Putnam
发明人： Alan D. Kersey , Mark R. Fernald , Timothy J. Bailey , Michael A. Davis , Thomas W. Engel , Robert N. Brucato , Richard T. Jones , Trevor W. MacDougall , Matthew B. Miller , Paul E. Sanders , James S. Sirkis , James M. Sullivan , Martin A. Putnam
IPC分类号： G02B6/34
CPC分类号： G02B6/024 , B29D11/00721 , C03B37/01211 , C03B37/0122 , C03B37/01222 , C03B2203/14 , C03B2203/16 , C03B2203/34 , G01D5/35303 , G01D5/35383 , G01L1/246 , G01L11/025 , G02B6/02042 , G02B6/021 , G02B6/0218 , G02B6/022 , G02B6/02385 , G02B6/0239
摘要： A tunable optical filter has a large diameter cane waveguide with “side-holes” in the cane cross-section that reduce the force required to compress the large diameter optical waveguide without overly compromising the buckling strength thereof. The large diameter optical waveguide has a cross-section of at least about 0.3 millimeters, including at least one inner core, a Bragg grating arranged therein, a cladding surrounding the inner core, and a structural configuration for providing a reduced bulk modulus of compressibility and maintaining the anti-buckling strength of the large diameter optical waveguide. The structural configuration reduces the cross-sectional area of the large diameter optical waveguide. These side holes reduce the amount of glass that needs to be compressed, but retains the large diameter.
摘要翻译：可调谐滤光器具有在拐杖横截面中具有“侧孔”的大直径拐杖波导，其减小压缩大直径光波导所需的力而不会过度损害其屈曲强度。大直径光波导具有至少约0.3毫米的横截面，包括至少一个内芯，布置在其中的布拉格光栅，围绕内芯的包层，以及用于提供减小的压缩弹性模量的结构构造，以及保持大直径光波导的抗弯曲强度。结构构造减小了大直径光波导的横截面积。这些侧孔减少了需要压缩的玻璃量，但是保留了大直径。

8. 发明授权

US06865194B1 Strain-isolated Bragg grating temperature sensor 有权
标题翻译：应变隔离布拉格光栅温度传感器
公开(公告)号：US06865194B1
公开(公告)日：2005-03-08
申请号：US09455866
申请日：1999-12-06
申请人： Christopher J. Wright , Mark R. Fernald , Timothy J. Bailey , James M. Sullivan , James R. Dunphy , Michael A. Davis , Alan D. Kersey , Martin A. Putnam , Robert N. Brucato , Paul E. Sanders
发明人： Christopher J. Wright , Mark R. Fernald , Timothy J. Bailey , James M. Sullivan , James R. Dunphy , Michael A. Davis , Alan D. Kersey , Martin A. Putnam , Robert N. Brucato , Paul E. Sanders
IPC分类号： G01K11/32 , H01S3/30 , G01N21/00
CPC分类号： G01K11/32
摘要： A strain-isolated bragg grating temperature sensor includes an optical sensing element 20,600 which includes an optical fiber 10 having at least one Bragg grating 12 disposed therein which is encased within and fused to at least a portion of a glass capillary tube 20 and/or a large diameter waveguide grating 600 having a core and a wide cladding and having the grating 12 disposed therein, which senses temperature changes but is substantially not sensitive to strains on the element caused by the fiber or other effects. Light 14 is incident on the grating 12 and light 16 is reflected at a reflection wavelength λ1. The shape of the sensing element 20,600 may be other geometries and/or more than one concentric tube may be used or more than one grating or pair of gratings may be used or more than one fiber or optical core may be used. At least a portion of the element 20,600 may be doped between a pair of gratings 150,152, disposed therein to form a temperature tunable laser or the grating 12 or gratings 150,152 may be constructed as a temperature tunable DFB laser disposed in the element. Also, the element may have an inner or outer tapered regions 22,27, respectively, to provide strain relief and/or added pull strength for the fiber 10. Further, the fiber 10 and the tube 20 may be made of different coefficients of thermal expansion for increased sensitivity.
摘要翻译：应变隔离布拉格光栅温度传感器包括光学传感元件20,600，光学传感元件20,600包括光纤10，该光纤10具有布置在其中的至少一个布拉格光栅12，该布拉格光栅12被封装在玻璃毛细管20的至少一部分内并且熔合到玻璃毛细管20和/ 大直径波导光栅600具有芯和宽包层并且其中布置有光栅12，其感测温度变化，但对由纤维或其它效应引起的元件上的应变基本上不敏感。光14入射在光栅12上，光16以反射波长λ1反射。感测元件20,600的形状可以是其他几何形状，和/或可以使用多于一个的同心管，或者可以使用多于一个的光栅或一对光栅，或者可以使用多于一个的光纤或光纤。元件20,600的至少一部分可以被掺杂在放置在其中的一对光栅150,152之间以形成温度可调激光器，或者光栅12或光栅150,152可以被构造为设置在元件中的温度可调谐DFB激光器。此外，元件可以分别具有内部或外部锥形区域22,27，以为纤维10提供应变消除和/或增加的拉伸强度。此外，纤维10和管子20可以由不同的热系数扩大灵敏度提高。

9. 发明授权

US06820489B2 Optical differential pressure sensor 有权
公开(公告)号：US06820489B2
公开(公告)日：2004-11-23
申请号：US10646368
申请日：2003-08-22
申请人： Mark R. Fernald , Timothy J. Bailey , Matthew B. Miller , James M. Sullivan , James R. Dunphy , Michael A. Davis , Christopher J. Wright , Alan D. Kersey , Martin A. Putnam , Robert N. Brucato , Paul E. Sanders
发明人： Mark R. Fernald , Timothy J. Bailey , Matthew B. Miller , James M. Sullivan , James R. Dunphy , Michael A. Davis , Christopher J. Wright , Alan D. Kersey , Martin A. Putnam , Robert N. Brucato , Paul E. Sanders
IPC分类号： G01L900
CPC分类号： G01L11/025
摘要： A fiber grating pressure sensor includes an optical sensing element which includes an optical fiber having a Bragg grating impressed therein which is encased within and fused to at least a portion of a glass capillary tube and/or a large diameter waveguide grating having a core and a wide cladding. Light is incident on the grating and light is reflected from the grating at a reflection wavelength &lgr;1. The sensing element may be used by itself as a sensor or located within a housing. When external pressure P increases, the grating is compressed and the reflection wavelength &lgr;1 changes. The shape of the sensing element may have other geometries, e.g., a “dogbone” shape, so as to enhance the sensitivity of shift in &lgr;1 due to applied external pressure and may be fused to an outer shell.

10. 发明授权

US06597711B2 Bragg grating-based laser 有权
公开(公告)号：US06597711B2
公开(公告)日：2003-07-22
申请号：US10146773
申请日：2002-05-16
申请人： Mark R. Fernald , Timothy J. Bailey , Matthew B. Miller , James M. Sullivan , Michael A. Davis , Robert N. Brucato , Martin A. Putnam , Alan D. Kersey , Paul E. Sanders , Jon T. Kringlebotn
发明人： Mark R. Fernald , Timothy J. Bailey , Matthew B. Miller , James M. Sullivan , Michael A. Davis , Robert N. Brucato , Martin A. Putnam , Alan D. Kersey , Paul E. Sanders , Jon T. Kringlebotn
IPC分类号： H01S310
CPC分类号： H01S3/0675 , G02B6/0218 , G02B6/022 , G02F1/0115 , G02F1/0128 , G02F2201/307 , H01S3/0635 , H01S3/08009 , H01S3/1055
摘要： A compression-tuned Bragg grating-based laser 800 includes a pair of optical grating elements 802,804 wherein at least one of the grating elements is tunable by a compression device 812,814. The grating elements may include either an optical fiber 10 having at least one Bragg grating 12 impressed therein encased within and fused to at least a portion of a glass capillary tube 20 or a large diameter waveguide grating element 600 having a core and a wide cladding. The tunable grating element(s) 802,804 are axially compressed, which causes a shift in the reflection wavelength of the gratings 807,809 without buckling the element. The shape of the element may be other geometries (e.g., a “dogbone” shape) and/or more than one grating or pair of gratings may be used and more than one fiber 10 or core 612 may be used. A gain element, such as Erbium doped fiber, is optical disposed between the grating elements to provide the lasing cavity.

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