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    • 2. 发明申请
    • RESTART PROTECTION FOR BATTERY-OPERATED ELECTRICAL UNITS
    • 电池运行单元的重启保护
    • US20130026857A1
    • 2013-01-31
    • US13575011
    • 2010-12-29
    • Markus SchmidThilo Koeder
    • Markus SchmidThilo Koeder
    • H01H35/02
    • H02J7/0036A63F13/00H02J7/00H02J7/0045H02J7/02
    • A protective system for an electric unit operated by an installable battery pack includes: a control device configured to activate the electric unit in the case of the installed battery pack by operating a main switch; a contact device of the electric unit and a contact device of the battery pack including mutually complementary contact elements, which in each case form a first and a second interface for producing a first and a second electrical connection between the electric unit and the battery pack. In this instance, the contact devices are configured, during the installing of the battery pack, to produce the first electrical connection before the second electrical connection in time.
    • 由可安装的电池组操作的电气单元的保护系统包括:控制装置,被配置为通过操作主开关来激活所安装的电池组的情况下的电气单元; 电单元的接触装置和电池组的接触装置包括相互互补的接触元件,其在每种情况下形成第一和第二接口,用于在电单元和电池组之间产生第一和第二电连接。 在这种情况下,在安装电池组期间,接触装置被配置成在第二电连接之前产生第一电连接。
    • 10. 发明申请
    • Manufacture of Esters
    • 酯类制造
    • US20090253930A1
    • 2009-10-08
    • US12084752
    • 2006-11-09
    • John Colin DunnDinesh MistryMartin GowerRoger PretotMarkus Schmid
    • John Colin DunnDinesh MistryMartin GowerRoger PretotMarkus Schmid
    • C07C229/00
    • C07C213/06Y02P20/127C07C219/08
    • The invention relates to a process in which a compound R1COOR3 (I) is made by a transesterification reaction of an ester compound R1COOR2 (II) with an alcohol R3OH (III) in the presence of a transesterification catalyst, wherein R1 is H or C1-4 alkyl or CH2═CR4—; R2 is C1-4 alkyl; R3 is selected from the group consisting of alkyl having at least 4 carbon atoms, cycloalkyl having at least 5 carbon atoms, aryl, aralkyl, alkaryl and amino alkyl; and R4 is —H or —C1-4 alkyl, wherein alcohol R2OH (IV) is formed as a byproduct and in which said byproduct (IV) is removed by distillation in the presence of an entrainer, in which the entrainer is a compound that suppresses the formation of an azeotrope between compound (II) and byproduct (IV). The process can be useful in the preparation of esters such as dimethyl amino ethyl(meth)acrylate. The invention also provides a method of separating alcohols and esters. In a further form of the invention a process of preparing esters by a transesterification process is provided in which the transesterification catalyst is homogenous.
    • 本发明涉及在酯交换催化剂存在下,通过酯化合物R1COOR2(II)与醇R3OH(Ⅲ)的酯交换反应制备化合物R1COOR3(Ⅰ)的方法,其中R1是H或C1- 4烷基或CH2-CR4-; R2是C1-4烷基; R 3选自具有至少4个碳原子的烷基,具有至少5个碳原子的环烷基,芳基,芳烷基,烷芳基和氨基烷基; R4是-H或-C1-4烷基,其中醇R2OH(Ⅳ)作为副产物形成,其中所述副产物(Ⅳ)在夹带剂存在下通过蒸馏除去,其中夹带剂是一种化合物, 抑制化合物(II)和副产物(IV)之间的共沸物的形成。 该方法可用于制备酯如二甲基氨基乙基(甲基)丙烯酸酯。 本发明还提供了分离醇和酯的方法。 在本发明的另一种形式中,提供了通过酯交换方法制备酯的方法,其中酯交换催化剂是均匀的。