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1. 发明授权

US5531766A Implantable cardioverter defibrillator pulse generator kite-tail electrode system 失效
标题翻译：植入式心律转复除颤器脉冲发生器风筝电极系统
公开(公告)号：US5531766A
公开(公告)日：1996-07-02
申请号：US376806
申请日：1995-01-23
申请人： Mark W. Kroll , Randall S. Nelson , Theodore P. Adams
发明人： Mark W. Kroll , Randall S. Nelson , Theodore P. Adams
IPC分类号： A61N1/39
CPC分类号： A61N1/3956 , A61N1/3918
摘要： An electrode system for an implantable cardioverter defibrillator. The electrode system includes a conductive structure which is physically and electrically connected to the housing or can of the implantable cardioverter defibrillator and is used as an electrode in combination with an existing implantable cardioverter defibrillator electrode or electrodes. The electrode system provides a therapeutically significant increase in the effective surface area of the implantable cardioverter defibrillator's electrodes without requiring an additional header connection, feedthru, or cable.
摘要翻译：用于植入式心律转复除颤器的电极系统。电极系统包括物理地和电连接到可植入的心律转复除颤器的壳体或罐的导电结构，并被用作与现有的可植入心律转复除颤器电极或电极组合的电极。电极系统提供可植入式心律转复除颤器电极的有效表面积的治疗上显着的增加，而不需要额外的头部连接，馈通或电缆。

2. 发明授权

US5957956A Implantable cardioverter defibrillator having a smaller mass 失效
标题翻译：植入式心律转复除颤器质量较小
公开(公告)号：US5957956A
公开(公告)日：1999-09-28
申请号：US963154
申请日：1997-11-03
申请人： Mark W. Kroll , Theodore P. Adams , Kenneth M. Anderson , Charles U. Smith
发明人： Mark W. Kroll , Theodore P. Adams , Kenneth M. Anderson , Charles U. Smith
IPC分类号： A61N1/375 , A61N1/39 , H01M2/10 , H01M6/50 , H01M16/00 , A61N1/18
CPC分类号： A61N1/375 , A61N1/3956 , A61N1/3758 , H01M16/00 , H01M2/1066 , H01M6/5016
摘要： A capacitor-discharge implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) has a relatively smaller mass of less than about 120 grams. The smaller mass of the ICD is achieved by selecting and arranging the internal components of the ICD to deliver a maximum defibrillation countershock optimized in terms of a minimum physiologically effective current (I.sub.pe), rather than a minimum defibrillation threshold energy (DFT). As a result of the optimization in terms of a minimum effective current I.sub.pe, there is a significant decrease in the maximum electrical charge energy (E.sub.c) that must be stored by the capacitor of the ICD to less than about 30 Joules, even though a higher safety margin is provided for by the device. Due to this decrease in the maximum E.sub.c, as well as corollary decreases in the effective capacitance value required for the capacitor and the net energy storage required of the battery, the overall displacement volume of the ICD is reduced to the point where subcutaneous implantation of the device in the pectoral region of human patients is practical. The size of the capacitor is reduced because the effective capacitance required can be less than about 125 .mu.F. By optimizing both the charging time and the countershock duration for the smaller maximum E.sub.c, the size of the battery is reduced because the total energy storage capacity can be less than about 1.0 Amp-hours. In the preferred embodiment, the charging time for each defibrillation countershock is reduced to less than about 10 seconds and the pulse duration of the countershock is reduced to less than about 6 milliseconds.
摘要翻译：电容放电植入式心律转复除颤器（ICD）的质量相对较小，小于约120克。通过选择和布置ICD的内部部件来实现ICD的较小质量，以提供根据最小生理有效电流（Ipe）而不是最小除颤阈值能量（DFT）优化的最大除颤抗倒伏。作为最小有效电流Ipe优化的结果，ICD的电容器必须存储的最大电荷能量（Ec）显着降低到小于约30焦耳，即使较高的设备提供安全余量。由于最大Ec的这种减小以及电容器所需的有效电容值和电池所需的净能量存储的必然减小，ICD的总位移体积减少到皮下植入在人类胸腔的器官是实用的。电容器的尺寸减小，因为所需的有效电容可以小于约125μF。通过优化较小的最大Ec的充电时间和反冲时间，电池的尺寸减小，因为总能量存储容量可以小于约1.0安培小时。在优选实施例中，每个去纤维颤动反射的充电时间减少到小于约10秒，并且该反冲的脉冲持续时间减小到小于约6毫秒。

3. 发明授权

US5827326A Implantable cardioverter defibrillator having a smaller energy storage capacity 失效
标题翻译：具有较小能量储存能力的植入式心律转复除颤器
公开(公告)号：US5827326A
公开(公告)日：1998-10-27
申请号：US412920
申请日：1995-03-29
申请人： Mark W. Kroll , Theodore P. Adams , Kenneth M. Anderson , Charles U. Smith
发明人： Mark W. Kroll , Theodore P. Adams , Kenneth M. Anderson , Charles U. Smith
IPC分类号： A61N1/375 , A61N1/378 , A61N1/39 , H01M2/10 , H01M6/50 , H01M16/00
CPC分类号： A61N1/375 , A61N1/3787 , A61N1/3931 , A61N1/3956 , A61N1/3975 , H01M16/00 , A61N1/3758 , A61N1/3906 , A61N1/3912 , H01M2/1066 , H01M6/5016
摘要： A capacitor-discharge implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) has a relatively smaller energy storage capacity of less than about 1.0 Amp-hours. The smaller energy storage capacity of the ICD is achieved by selecting and arranging the internal components of the ICD to deliver a maximum defibrillation countershock optimized in terms of a minimum physiologically effective current (I.sub.pe) rather than a minimum defibrillation threshold energy (DFT). As a result of the optimization in terms of a minimum effective current I.sub.pe, there is a significant decrease in the maximum electrical charge energy (E.sub.c) that must be stored by the capacitor of the ICD to less than about 30 Joules, even though a higher safety margin is provided for by the device. Due to this decrease in the maximum E.sub.c, as well as corollary decreases in the effective capacitance value required for the capacitor and the net energy storage required of the battery, the overall displacement volume of the ICD is reduced to the point where subcutaneous implantation of the device in the pectoral region of human patients is practical. The size of the capacitor is reduced because the effective capacitance required can be less than about 125 .mu.F. By optimizing both the charging time and the countershock duration for the smaller maximum E.sub.c, the size of the battery is reduced because the total energy storage capacity can be less than about 1.0 Amp-hours. In the preferred embodiment, the charging time for each defibrillation countershock is reduced to less than about 10 seconds and the pulse duration of the countershock is reduced to less than about 6 milliseconds.
摘要翻译：电容放电植入式心律转复除颤器（ICD）具有小于约1.0安培小时的相对较小的储能能力。通过选择和布置ICD的内部部件来实现ICD的较小的能量存储容量，以提供根据最小生理有效电流（Ipe）而不是最小除颤阈值能量（DFT）优化的最大除颤反相。作为最小有效电流Ipe优化的结果，ICD的电容器必须存储的最大电荷能量（Ec）显着降低到小于约30焦耳，即使较高的设备提供安全余量。由于最大Ec的这种减小以及电容器所需的有效电容值和电池所需的净能量存储的必然减小，ICD的总位移体积减少到皮下植入在人类胸腔的器官是实用的。电容器的尺寸减小，因为所需的有效电容可以小于约125μF。通过优化较小的最大Ec的充电时间和反冲时间，电池的尺寸减小，因为总能量存储容量可以小于约1.0安培小时。在优选实施例中，每个去纤维颤动反射的充电时间减少到小于约10秒，并且该反冲的脉冲持续时间减小到小于约6毫秒。

4. 发明授权

US5735878A Implantable defibrillator having multiple pathways 失效
标题翻译：植入式除颤器具有多个途径
公开(公告)号：US5735878A
公开(公告)日：1998-04-07
申请号：US577949
申请日：1995-12-22
申请人： Mark W. Kroll , Theodore P. Adams , Charles G. Supino
发明人： Mark W. Kroll , Theodore P. Adams , Charles G. Supino
IPC分类号： A61N1/39 , A61N1/36
CPC分类号： A61N1/3925 , A61N1/3956 , A61N1/3906 , A61N1/3912
摘要： An implantable defibrillator derives a rectangular current waveform from a capacitor discharge by using a current limiter. This pulse-shaping method is equally applicable to single-path and multiple-path situations. A rectangular pulse delivers a maximum of energy for a given peak-field value with a particular electrode combination and pulse duration. Peak field is a measure of the tissue-damage potentiality of a particular discharge.
摘要翻译：可植入除颤器通过使用限流器从电容器放电导出矩形电流波形。这种脉冲整形方法同样适用于单路径和多路径情况。矩形脉冲通过特定的电极组合和脉冲持续时间为给定的峰值值提供最大的能量。峰值场是测量特定放电的组织损伤潜能。

5. 发明授权

US5871505A Apparatus for generating biphasic waveforms in an implantable defibrillator 失效
标题翻译：用于在可植入除颤器中产生双相波形的装置
公开(公告)号：US5871505A
公开(公告)日：1999-02-16
申请号：US457307
申请日：1995-06-01
申请人： Theodore P. Adams , Mark W. Kroll
发明人： Theodore P. Adams , Mark W. Kroll
IPC分类号： A61N1/39
CPC分类号： A61N1/3956 , A61N1/3906 , A61N1/3912
摘要： A method and apparatus for generating biphasic waveforms for an implantable defibrillator uses two disparate capacitor systems. A first phase of the biphasic waveform is generated from the charge stored in a first capacitor system, and a second phase of less energy than the first phase is generated from the charge stored in a second capacitor system. By using a second capacitor system for the second phase of the biphasic waveform that stores less energy than the first capacitor system, the overall size and power requirements of the implantable device can be reduced. In a preferred embodiment, the disparate capacitor systems have different effective capacitances, with the second capacitor system preferably having a higher effective capacitance, but a lower charging voltage, than the first capacitor system.
摘要翻译：用于产生可植入除颤器的双相波形的方法和装置使用两个不同的电容器系统。从存储在第一电容器系统中的电荷产生双相波形的第一相，并且从存储在第二电容器系统中的电荷产生比第一相少的能量的第二相。通过使用存储比第一电容器系统更少的能量的双相波形的第二相的第二电容器系统，可以减小可植入装置的总体尺寸和功率要求。在优选实施例中，不同的电容器系统具有不同的有效电容，其中第二电容器系统优选地具有比第一电容器系统更高的有效电容，但是具有较低的充电电压。

6. 发明授权

US5697953A Implantable cardioverter defibrillator having a smaller displacement volume 失效
标题翻译：具有较小排量的植入式心律转复除颤器
公开(公告)号：US5697953A
公开(公告)日：1997-12-16
申请号：US582529
申请日：1996-01-11
申请人： Mark W. Kroll , Theodore P. Adams , Kenneth M. Anderson , Charles U. Smith
发明人： Mark W. Kroll , Theodore P. Adams , Kenneth M. Anderson , Charles U. Smith
IPC分类号： A61N1/375 , A61N1/39 , H01M2/10 , H01M6/50 , H01M16/00
CPC分类号： A61N1/375 , A61N1/3956 , A61N1/3758 , H01M16/00 , H01M2/1066 , H01M6/5016
摘要： A capacitor-discharge implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) has a relatively longer device life of greater that 5 years. The longer life of the ICD is achieved by selecting and arranging the internal components of the ICD to deliver a maximum defibrillation countershock optimized in terms of a minimum physiologically effective current (I.sub.pe), rather than a minimum defibrillation threshold energy (DFT). As a result of the optimization in terms of a minimum effective current I.sub.pe, there is a significant decrease in the maximum electrical charge energy (E.sub.c) that must be stored by the capacitor of the ICD to less than about 30 Joules, even though a higher safety margin is provided for by the device. Due to this decrease in the maximum E.sub.c, as well as corollary decreases in the effective capacitance value required for the capacitor and the net energy storage required of the battery, the overall displacement volume of the ICD is reduced to the point where subcutaneous implantation of the device in the pectoral region of human patients is practical. The size of the capacitor is reduced because the effective capacitance required can be less than about 125 .mu.F. By optimizing both the charging time and the countershock duration for the smaller maximum E.sub.c, the size of the battery is reduced because the total energy storage capacity can be less than about 1.0 Amp-hours. In the preferred embodiment, the charging time for each defibrillation countershock is reduced to less than about 10 seconds and the pulse duration of the countershock is reduced to less than about 6 milliseconds.
摘要翻译：电容放电可植入式心律转复除颤器（ICD）具有相对较长的器件寿命，大于5年。通过选择和布置ICD的内部组件来实现ICD的更长寿命，以提供根据最小生理有效电流（Ipe）而不是最小除颤阈值能量（DFT）优化的最大除颤抗倒伏。作为最小有效电流Ipe优化的结果，ICD的电容器必须存储的最大电荷能量（Ec）显着降低到小于约30焦耳，即使较高的设备提供安全余量。由于最大Ec的这种减小以及电容器所需的有效电容值和电池所需的净能量存储的必然减小，ICD的总位移体积减少到皮下植入在人类胸腔的器官是实用的。电容器的尺寸减小，因为所需的有效电容可以小于约125μF。通过优化较小的最大Ec的充电时间和反冲时间，电池的尺寸减小，因为总能量存储容量可以小于约1.0安培小时。在优选实施例中，每个去纤维颤动反射的充电时间减少到小于约10秒，并且该反冲的脉冲持续时间减小到小于约6毫秒。

7. 发明授权

US5441518A Implantable cardioverter defibrillator system having independently controllable electrode discharge pathway 失效
标题翻译：植入式心律转复除颤器系统具有独立可控的电极放电通路
公开(公告)号：US5441518A
公开(公告)日：1995-08-15
申请号：US96170
申请日：1993-07-22
申请人： Theodore P. Adams , Charles G. Supino , Mark W. Kroll
发明人： Theodore P. Adams , Charles G. Supino , Mark W. Kroll
IPC分类号： A61N1/39
CPC分类号： A61N1/3956 , A61N1/3918 , A61N1/3906
摘要： An implantable multichamber cardioversion and defibrillation system is provided with multiple independently controllable and programmable switched electrode discharge pathways. This independently controlled switching arrangement provides for control over the polarity, phase, direction and timing of all cardioversion and defibrillation countershocks, and allows for the varying of subsequent countershocks after an initial countershock. The switching arrangement is, preferably, both programmable prior to implantation of the system and re-programmable after implantation of the system.
摘要翻译：可植入的多室复律和除颤系统具有多个可独立控制和可编程的切换电极放电通路。这种独立控制的切换装置可以控制所有心脏复律和除颤反射的极性，相位，方向和时间，并允许在初始反冲时间之后改变随后的冲击波。开关布置优选地在植入系统之前可编程，并且在植入系统之后可重新编程。

8. 发明授权

US5549933A Process for painting snow 失效
标题翻译：雪花过程
公开(公告)号：US5549933A
公开(公告)日：1996-08-27
申请号：US395892
申请日：1995-02-28
申请人： Theodore P. Adams , Mark W. Kroll , Karl Kroll
发明人： Theodore P. Adams , Mark W. Kroll , Karl Kroll
IPC分类号： A63C19/00 , A63C19/10 , B05D1/02 , B05D7/00 , B44D2/00 , B05D5/00
CPC分类号： A63C19/10 , A63C19/00 , B05D7/00 , B44D2/00 , B05D1/02
摘要： A paint formulation is disclosed which will paint snow without harming either animal or plant life. The paint may be pre-formulated in a powdered form as is prepared for use by merely adding water. A process of allowing one to paint or draw on snow whereby a coloring agent, such as food coloring, is mixed with a gelling agent, such as household gelatin, and applied with a spray or squirt gun. When the gel solution contacts the cold snow, the gel solution quickly sets up and is prevented from dissipating as snow undergoes partial melting. When snow melts, the gel liquefies and disappears with runoff water.
摘要翻译：公开了一种油漆配方，其将在不损害动物或植物生命的情况下涂刷雪。涂料可以预先配制成粉末形式，只要加入水即可使用。一种允许一个人在雪地上涂上或吸取的过程，其中着色剂（如食用色素）与胶凝剂如家用明胶混合，并用喷雾器或喷枪施加。当凝胶溶液与冷雪接触时，凝胶溶液迅速凝固，并且当雪经历部分熔融时，其被防止消散。当雪融化时，凝胶会以径流水液化并消失。

9. 发明授权

US5531764A Implantable defibrillator system and method having successive changeable defibrillation waveforms 失效
标题翻译：具有连续可变除颤波形的植入式除颤器系统和方法
公开(公告)号：US5531764A
公开(公告)日：1996-07-02
申请号：US227563
申请日：1994-04-14
申请人： Theodore P. Adams , Mark W. Kroll
发明人： Theodore P. Adams , Mark W. Kroll
IPC分类号： A61N1/39 , H01M2/10
CPC分类号： A61N1/3956 , A61N1/3906 , H01M2/1066
摘要： An implantable defibrillator having programmable shock waveforms and paths where each successive waveform may be of a different shape and form, and delivered to and through an area of the human heart in a desired sequence. The shock waveforms can be delivered independently through certain areas of the heart or through different areas of the heart to the can electrode or to a patch electrode at a computed common time. Alternatively, a first shock waveform or set of shock waveforms can be delivered through one or more areas of the heart followed by a delivery of time sequenced delayed shock waveform or forms through specific areas of the heart to the can electrode or patch electrode.
摘要翻译：具有可编程冲击波形和路径的可植入除颤器，其中每个连续波形可以具有不同的形状和形式，并以期望的顺序输送到人心区域并通过人心脏区域。冲击波形可以通过心脏的某些区域或通过心脏的不同区域独立地传递到罐电极或在计算出的公共时间的贴片电极。或者，可以通过心脏的一个或多个区域递送第一冲击波形或一组冲击波形，随后传送时间顺序的延迟冲击波形或通过心脏的特定区域到罐电极或贴片电极的形式。

10. 发明授权

US5458620A Cardiac arrhythmia detection using interdependent multiple parameter settings 失效
标题翻译：使用相互依赖的多参数设置进行心律失常检测
公开(公告)号：US5458620A
公开(公告)日：1995-10-17
申请号：US195557
申请日：1994-02-14
申请人： Theodore P. Adams , Mark W. Kroll
发明人： Theodore P. Adams , Mark W. Kroll
IPC分类号： A61N1/362 , A61N1/39
CPC分类号： A61N1/3621 , A61N1/36585 , A61N1/3956 , Y10S128/925
摘要： A programmable implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) provides signals from a plurality of cardiac sensing modalities to a control circuit within the ICD that analyzes the signals and determines whether to deliver an electrical countershock therapy. An interdependent detection parameter threshold is programmably established for each of a programmably selectable combination of two or more cardiac sensing modalities by selecting at least two corner points that will define a boundary condition for a given cardiac dysrhythmia. Whenever the threshold is exceeded, the control circuit automatically diagnoses a cardiac dysrhythmia and delivers a preprogrammed electrical countershock therapy regimen for the diagnosed dysrhythmia. Multiple interdependent detection parameter thresholds may be combined in a variety of ways. More than one combination of two or more cardiac sensing modalities may be used to define a multivariant boundary condition for the given cardiac dysrhythmia. Alternatively, more than one set of corner points for a particular combination of cardiac sensing modalities may be used so as to create multiple detection envelopes, one for each different type of cardiac dysrhythmia. Finally, both of these options may be programmed together so as to allow for the definition of multivariant performance envelopes for different cardiac dysrhythmias.
摘要翻译：可编程植入式心律转复除颤器（ICD）将来自多个心脏感测模式的信号提供给ICD内的控制电路，该控制电路分析信号并确定是否递送电的临时治疗。通过选择将限定给定的心脏心律失常的边界条件的至少两个角点，可编程地针对两个或更多个心脏感测模态的可编程选择的组合来为每个可编程地建立相互依赖的检测参数阈值。每当超过阈值时，控制电路自动诊断心律失常并提供用于诊断的心律失常的预编程电褥疮治疗方案。可以以多种方式组合多个相互依赖的检测参数阈值。可以使用两种或多种心脏感测模式的多于一种组合来定义给定的心脏心律失常的多变量边界条件。或者，可以使用用于心脏感测模态的特定组合的多于一组角点，以便产生多个检测包络，每个不同类型的心脏心律失常一个。最后，这两个选项可以一起编程，以便允许定义用于不同心脏心律失常的多变量性能包络。

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