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1. 发明授权

US06765151B2 Enhanced high temperature coated superconductors 有权
标题翻译：增强型高温涂层超导体
公开(公告)号：US06765151B2
公开(公告)日：2004-07-20
申请号：US10154566
申请日：2002-05-24
申请人： Leslie G. Fritzemeier , Cornelis Leo Hans Thieme , Steven Fleshler , John D. Scudiere , Gregory L. Snitchler , Bruce B. Gamble , Robert E. Schwall , Dingan Yu , Alexander Otto , Elliott D. Thompson , Gilbert N. Riley, Jr.
发明人： Leslie G. Fritzemeier , Cornelis Leo Hans Thieme , Steven Fleshler , John D. Scudiere , Gregory L. Snitchler , Bruce B. Gamble , Robert E. Schwall , Dingan Yu , Alexander Otto , Elliott D. Thompson , Gilbert N. Riley, Jr.
IPC分类号： H01B1200
CPC分类号： H01L39/248 , C30B23/02 , C30B29/16 , H01L39/143 , H01L39/2425 , H01L39/2451 , H01L39/2461 , Y10S505/926
摘要： This invention relates to a practical superconducting conductor based upon biaxially textured high temperature superconducting coatings. In particular, methods for producing flexible and bend strain-resistant articles and articles produced in accordance therewith are described which provide improved current sharing, lower hysteretic losses under alternating current conditions, enhanced electrical and thermal stability and improved mechanical properties between otherwise isolated films in a coated high temperature superconducting (HTS) wire. Multilayered materials including operational material which is sensitive to bend strain can be constructed, in which the bend strain in the region in which such operational material is located is minimized. The invention also provides a means for splicing coated tape segments and for termination of coated tape stack ups or conductor elements. In one embodiment, a multi-layer high temperature superconductor is provided and includes first and second high temperature superconductor coated elements. Each element includes a substrate, at least one buffer deposited on the substrate, a high temperature superconductor layer, and a cap layer. The first and second high temperature superconductor coated elements are joined at the first and second cap layers.
摘要翻译：本发明涉及一种基于双轴织构的高温超导涂层的实用超导导体。特别地，描述了用于生产柔性和弯曲耐应变制品的方法以及根据本发明生产的制品，其提供了改进的电流共享，在交流电流条件下的较低的滞后损耗，增强的电和热稳定性以及在其中隔离的膜中的改善的机械性能涂覆高温超导（HTS）线。可以构造包括对弯曲应变敏感的操作材料的多层材料，其中使得这种操作材料所在的区域中的弯曲应变最小化。本发明还提供了用于拼接涂覆的带段和用于终止涂覆的带堆叠或导体元件的装置。在一个实施例中，提供了多层高温超导体，并且包括第一和第二高温超导体涂覆元件。每个元件包括衬底，沉积在衬底上的至少一个缓冲器，高温超导体层和帽层。第一和第二高温超导体涂覆元件在第一和第二盖层处接合。

2. 发明授权

US06828507B1 Enhanced high temperature coated superconductors joined at a cap layer 有权
标题翻译：在盖层上连接的增强型高温涂层超导体
公开(公告)号：US06828507B1
公开(公告)日：2004-12-07
申请号：US09617518
申请日：2000-07-14
申请人： Leslie G. Fritzemeier , Cornelis Leo Hans Thieme , Steven Fleshler , John D. Scudiere , Gregory L. Snitchler , Bruce B. Gamble , Robert E. Schwall , Dingan Yu , Alexander Otto , Elliott D. Thompson , Gilbert N. Riley, Jr.
发明人： Leslie G. Fritzemeier , Cornelis Leo Hans Thieme , Steven Fleshler , John D. Scudiere , Gregory L. Snitchler , Bruce B. Gamble , Robert E. Schwall , Dingan Yu , Alexander Otto , Elliott D. Thompson , Gilbert N. Riley, Jr.
IPC分类号： H01B1200
CPC分类号： H01L39/248 , C30B23/02 , C30B29/16 , H01L39/143 , H01L39/2425 , H01L39/2451 , H01L39/2461 , Y10S505/926
摘要： This invention relates to a practical superconducting conductor based upon biaxially textured high temperature superconducting coatings. In particular, methods for producing flexible and bend strain-resistant articles and articles produced in accordance therewith are described which provide improved current sharing, lower hysteretic losses under alternating current conditions, enhanced electrical and thermal stability and improved mechanical properties between otherwise isolated films in a coated high temperature superconducting (HTS) wire. Multilayered materials including operational material which is sensitive to bend strain can be constructed, in which the bend strain in the region in which such operational material is located is minimized. The invention also provides a means for splicing coated tape segments and for termination of coated tape stack ups or conductor elements. In one embodiment, a multi-layer high temperature superconductor is provided and includes first and second high temperature superconductor coated elements. Each element includes a substrate, at least one buffer deposited on the substrate, a high temperature superconductor layer, and a cap layer. The first and second high temperature superconductor coated elements are joined at the first and second cap layers.
摘要翻译：本发明涉及一种基于双轴织构的高温超导涂层的实用超导导体。特别地，描述了制造柔性和弯曲耐应变制品的方法和根据本发明生产的制品，其提供了改善的电流共享，在交流电流条件下的较低的滞后损耗，增强的电和热稳定性以及在其中隔离的膜中的改进的机械性能涂覆高温超导（HTS）线。可以构造包括对弯曲应变敏感的操作材料的多层材料，其中使得这种操作材料所在的区域中的弯曲应变最小化。本发明还提供了用于拼接涂覆的带段和用于终止涂覆的带堆叠或导体元件的装置。在一个实施例中，提供了多层高温超导体，并且包括第一和第二高温超导体涂覆元件。每个元件包括衬底，沉积在衬底上的至少一个缓冲器，高温超导体层和帽层。第一和第二高温超导体涂覆元件在第一和第二盖层处接合。

3. 发明授权

US5801124A Laminated superconducting ceramic composite conductors 失效
标题翻译：层压超导陶瓷复合导体
公开(公告)号：US5801124A
公开(公告)日：1998-09-01
申请号：US701333
申请日：1996-08-30
申请人： Bruce B. Gamble , Gilbert N. Riley, Jr. , John D. Scudiere , Michael D. Manlief , David M. Buczek , Gregory L. Snitchler
发明人： Bruce B. Gamble , Gilbert N. Riley, Jr. , John D. Scudiere , Michael D. Manlief , David M. Buczek , Gregory L. Snitchler
IPC分类号： H01L39/14 , H01L39/24 , H01L39/00 , H01B12/00
CPC分类号： H01L39/248 , H01L39/143 , Y10S428/93 , Y10S505/704
摘要： The invention provides a superconducting ceramic laminate including a superconducting tape mechanically coupled to, and compressively strained to 0.1% or more under a predetermined load by, at least one cladding tape. The material and thickness of the cladding tape or tapes are selected relative to the material and thickness of the superconducting tape to locate the neutral axis so that, under a predetermined heavy load, the maximum compressive strain on any superconducting portion of the superconducting tape is less than the critical compressive strain and the maximum tensile strain on any superconducting portion of the superconducting tape under a predetermined load is less than the critical tensile strain. By "heavy load" is meant a load on the laminate equivalent to a load on the unlaminated superconducting tape selected for the laminate including a surface bend strain on the unlaminated superconducting tape of at least 0.1%. The laminate provides high critical current capacity, improved strain tolerance, superior critical current retention, and high packing factors. Articles comprising the laminates, such as coils and cables, are also provided.
摘要翻译：本发明提供了一种超导陶瓷层压体，其包括机械地耦合到至少一个包覆带上并在预定负载下被压缩至0.1％或更多的超导带。相对于超导带的材料和厚度来选择包覆带或带的材料和厚度以定位中性轴线，使得在预定的重负载下，超导带的任何超导部分上的最大压缩应变较小超过在预定载荷下超导带的任何超导部分上的临界压应变和最大拉伸应变小于临界拉伸应变。 “重负荷”是指层压板上的载荷相当于在层压板上选择的非层压超导带上的载荷，其中包括非层压超导带上的表面弯曲应变为至少0.1％。层压板提供高临界电流容量，改进的应变耐受性，优异的临界电流保持率和高填充因子。还提供了包括层压材料，例如线圈和电缆的制品。

4. 发明授权

US06762673B1 Current limiting composite material 有权
标题翻译：限流复合材料
公开(公告)号：US06762673B1
公开(公告)日：2004-07-13
申请号：US09488742
申请日：2000-01-20
申请人： Alexander Otto , Ralph P. Mason , Craig J. Christopherson , Peter R. Roberts , Steven Fleshler , Gilbert N. Riley, Jr. , Swarn S. Kalsi , Gregory L. Snitchler , Robert C. Diehl , Dietrich Bonmann , Martin Lakner , Willi Paul , Harry Zueger
发明人： Alexander Otto , Ralph P. Mason , Craig J. Christopherson , Peter R. Roberts , Steven Fleshler , Gilbert N. Riley, Jr. , Swarn S. Kalsi , Gregory L. Snitchler , Robert C. Diehl , Dietrich Bonmann , Martin Lakner , Willi Paul , Harry Zueger
IPC分类号： H01C1014
CPC分类号： H01B12/16 , H01F2027/2819 , H01L39/16 , Y02E40/647 , Y10S505/881
摘要： An elongated current limiting composite material comprising one or more high-temperature superconductor filaments and a second electrically conductive member, which may include a sheath of high bulk resistivity surrounding the filament. The current limiter exhibits dissipation in the range of 0.05-0.5 V/cm at currents of 3-10 times the operating current, thereby minimizing fault currents and improving recovery capability.
摘要翻译：包括一个或多个高温超导体细丝和第二导电构件的细长限流复合材料，其可以包括围绕细丝的高体积电阻率的护套。电流限制器在工作电流的3-10倍的电流下表现出0.05-0.5 V / cm的范围内的耗散，从而最大限度地减少故障电流并提高恢复能力。

5. 发明授权

US06284979B1 Low resistance cabled conductors comprising superconducting ceramics 失效
标题翻译：低电阻电缆导体包括超导陶瓷
公开(公告)号：US06284979B1
公开(公告)日：2001-09-04
申请号：US08851719
申请日：1997-05-05
申请人： Alexis P. Malozemoff , Gregory L. Snitchler , William L. Barnes , Alexander Otto , Gilbert N. Riley, Jr. , Jeffrey M. Seuntjens
发明人： Alexis P. Malozemoff , Gregory L. Snitchler , William L. Barnes , Alexander Otto , Gilbert N. Riley, Jr. , Jeffrey M. Seuntjens
IPC分类号： H01B1210
CPC分类号： H01L39/143
摘要： A cabled conductor is provided for use in a cryogenically cooled circuit including refrigeration having a predetermined operating temperature and efficiency. The conductor includes multiple conductor strands cabled about the longitudinal axis of the conductor at a preselected cabling period, each strand including a composite of superconducting ceramic in intimate contact with conductive matrix material. Each filament has high performance regions in which the filament material is well-textured with its preferred direction aligned perpendicular to the widest longitudinal cross-section of the conductor alternating with poorly superconducting regions which are at least about half the diameter of a filament in length and in which the superconducting ceramic filament is strained by transposition in excess of its critical strain limit. In the poorly superconducting regions, the conductive matrix material provides an alternate current path. The ratio of the average length of the poorly superconducting regions to the preselected cabling period is less than about (&rgr;300e/&rgr;oe)&egr;E, where &rgr;oe is the resistivity of the composite at the operating temperature; &rgr;300e is the resistivity of the composite at 300 Kelvins; and &egr; is the predetermined efficiency of the refrigeration means at its operating temperature. In the preferred embodiment, this ratio is less than 1:4, and preferably less than 1:20.
摘要翻译：提供一种用于低温冷却回路中的电缆导体，包括具有预定工作温度和效率的制冷。导体包括在预选布线周期围绕导体的纵向轴线布置的多个导线，每个线包括与导电基体材料紧密接触的超导陶瓷的复合材料。每个灯丝具有高性能区域，其中长丝材料具有良好的织构，其优选的方向垂直于导体的最宽纵向横截面排列，与导体长度的至少约一半长度的不良超导区交替，其中超导陶瓷细丝通过转移超过其临界应变极限而变形。在较差的超导区域中，导电基体材料提供了交替的电流路径。不良超导区域的平均长度与预选布线周期的比值小于约（rho300e / rhooe）epsiE，其中r为复合材料在工作温度下的电阻率; rho300e是300 Kelvins的复合材料的电阻率; 而epsi是制冷装置在其工作温度下的预定效率。在优选实施方案中，该比率小于1:4，优选小于1:20。

6. 发明授权

US06194352B1 Multifilament composite BSCCO oxide superconductor 失效
标题翻译：多丝复合BSCCO氧化物超导体
公开(公告)号：US06194352B1
公开(公告)日：2001-02-27
申请号：US08553184
申请日：1995-11-07
申请人： Gilbert N. Riley, Jr. , Jeffrey M. Seuntjens , William L. Barnes , Gregory L. Snitchler , Alexander Otto
发明人： Gilbert N. Riley, Jr. , Jeffrey M. Seuntjens , William L. Barnes , Gregory L. Snitchler , Alexander Otto
IPC分类号： H01B1202
CPC分类号： H01L39/248 , H01F6/06 , H01F41/063 , H01F41/069 , Y10S505/74
摘要： A method for preparing an oxide superconductor cable includes transposing a plurality of oxide superconductor strands along a longitudinal axis so as to form a cable and exposing the cable to a two step heat treatment after cabling of the oxide strands, the heat treatment comprising, (a) heating the cable to and maintaining the cable at a first temperature sufficient to partially melt the article, such that a liquid phase co-exists with the desired oxide superconductor phase; and (b) cooling the cable to and maintaining the cable at a second temperature sufficient to substantially transform the liquid phase into the desired oxide superconductor. The oxide superconductor multistrand cable includes a plurality of oxide superconductor strands, each of the strands including an oxide superconductor having an irreversible melt characteristic, wherein the plurality of oxide strands are transposed about a longitudinal axis, such that each of the strands are substantially electrically and substantially mechanically isolated; and wherein the cable exhibits critical transport properties (Jc) of at least about 10,000 A/cm2 at 77K, self field.
摘要翻译：制备氧化物超导体电缆的方法包括沿着纵向轴线转置多个氧化物超导体股线，以形成电缆，并且在电缆穿过氧化物线束之后将电缆暴露于两步热处理，该热处理包括：（a 将电缆加热并将电缆保持在足以部分熔化制品的第一温度，使得液相与期望的氧化物超导体相共存; 和（b）将电缆冷却到并将电缆保持在足以基本上将液相转变成所需氧化物超导体的第二温度。氧化物超导体多股线缆包括多个氧化物超导体股线，每个股线包括具有不可逆熔融特性的氧化物超导体，其中多个氧化物股线围绕纵向轴线转置，使得每根股线基本上电气和基本上机械隔离; 并且其中所述电缆在77K处表现出至少约10,000A / cm 2的临界传输特性（Jc）。

7. 发明授权

US06393690B1 Structure and method of manufacture for minimizing filament coupling losses in superconducting oxide composite articles 失效
公开(公告)号：US06393690B1
公开(公告)日：2002-05-28
申请号：US09358167
申请日：1999-07-20
申请人： Gregory L. Snitchler , Gilbert N. Riley, Jr. , Alexis P. Malozemoff , Craig J. Christopherson
发明人： Gregory L. Snitchler , Gilbert N. Riley, Jr. , Alexis P. Malozemoff , Craig J. Christopherson
IPC分类号： H01L3924
CPC分类号： H01L39/248 , H01L39/143 , Y10S428/93 , Y10S505/704 , Y10T29/49014 , Y10T428/24942 , Y10T428/294
摘要： The invention provides a multifilamentary superconducting composite article comprising multiple substantially electrically decoupled domains, each including one or more fine, preferably twisted filaments of a desired superconducting oxide material. In a preferred embodiment, the article comprises a matrix, which substantially comprises a noble metal, a conductive jacketing layer surrounding the matrix, a plurality of discrete filament decoupling layers, each comprising an insulating material, disposed within the matrix to separate the matrix into a plurality of substantially electrically decoupled domains; a plurality of filaments, each comprising a desired superconducting oxide, which are disposed within and essentially encapsulated by the matrix and chemically isolated thereby from the decoupling layers, each of the electrically decoupled domains containing at least one filament. It provides multifilamentary articles that exhibit high DC performance characteristics and AC performance markedly superior to any currently available for these materials. A process and intermediate for making the article are also provided. The article may be manufactured by first, forming a composite intermediate comprising multiple domains, each including one or more fine, preferably twisted filaments of a superconducting oxide or its precursors and then thermomechanically processing the intermediate at conditions sufficient to produce at least one of the effects of texturing, crack healing and, if a precursor to the desired superconducting oxide remains, phase transformation in the filament material under conditions which support the electrical separation of the domains. Preferably, the forming step includes the step of providing filament decoupling layers comprising insulating materials or their predecessors to provide the desired domain separation and most preferably, the insulating material is formed in situ from its predecessor during the thermomechanical processing step. Oxide-forming predecessors are preferred, especially oxide forming materials selected from the group consisting of the transition metals, the alkaline earths, titanium, zirconium, niobium, molybdenum, aluminum, and their alloys. In a preferred embodiment, the desired superconducting oxide material is a member of the bismuth or yttrium families of oxide superconductors.

8. 发明授权

US06247225B1 Method for making cabled conductors containing anisotropic superconducting compounds 失效
标题翻译：制造含各向异性超导化合物的电缆导体的方法
公开(公告)号：US06247225B1
公开(公告)日：2001-06-19
申请号：US08554814
申请日：1995-11-07
申请人： Gregory L. Snitchler , Jeffrey M. Seuntjens , William L. Barnes , Gilbert N. Riley, Jr.
发明人： Gregory L. Snitchler , Jeffrey M. Seuntjens , William L. Barnes , Gilbert N. Riley, Jr.
IPC分类号： H01L3924
CPC分类号： H01L39/143 , H01L39/248 , Y10S505/884 , Y10S505/926 , Y10T29/49014
摘要： A cabled conductor comprises a plurality of transposed strands each comprising one or more preferably twisted filaments preferably surrounded or supported by a matrix material and comprising textured anisotropic superconducting compounds which have crystallographic grain alignment that is substantially unidirectional and independent of the rotational orientation of the strands and filaments in the cabled conductor. The cabled conductor is made by forming a plurality of suitable composite strands, forming a cabled intermediate from the strands by transposing them about the longitudinal axis of the conductor at a preselected strand lay pitch, and, texturing the strands in one or more steps including at least one step involving application of a texturing process with a primary component directed orthogonal to the widest longitudinal cross-section of the cabled intermediate, at least one such orthogonal texturing step occurring subsequent to said strand transposition step. In a preferred embodiment, the filament cross-section, filament twist pitch, and strand lay pitch are cooperatively selected to provide a filament transposition area which is always at least ten times the preferred direction area of a typical grain of the desired anisotropic superconducting compound. For materials requiring biaxial texture, the texturing step preferably includes application of a texturing process with a second primary component in a predetermined direction in the plane of the widest longitudinal cross-section of the conductor.
摘要翻译：电缆导体包括多个转置的绞合线，每个绞合线包括一个或多个优选的绞合长丝，优选地被基质材料包围或支撑，并且包括纹理各向异性超导化合物，其具有基本上单向且不依赖于线的旋转取向的晶体取向，电缆导体中的细丝。电缆导体通过形成多个合适的复合线材制成，通过以预选的绞线间距将导体的纵向轴线绕它们绕导体的纵向轴线形成缆线中间体，并且以一个或多个步骤将绞合线组织包括在至少一个步骤涉及使用与所述有线中间件的最宽纵向横截面垂直的主要部件进行纹理化处理，在所述链转置步骤之后发生的至少一个这样的正交纹理化步骤。在优选的实施方案中，协调地选择细丝横截面，长丝扭曲节距和绞线间距，以提供总是至少是所需各向异性超导化合物的典型颗粒的优选方向面积的十倍的细丝转置区域。对于需要双轴纹理的材料，纹理化步骤优选地包括在导体的最宽纵向截面的平面中沿预定方向施加具有第二主要部件的纹理处理。

9. 发明授权

US06906265B2 Cabled conductors containing anisotropic superconducting compounds 失效
标题翻译：含各向异性超导化合物的电缆导体
公开(公告)号：US06906265B2
公开(公告)日：2005-06-14
申请号：US09769705
申请日：2001-01-25
申请人： Gregory L. Snitchler , Jeffrey M. Seuntjens , William L. Barnes , Gilbert N. Riley, Jr.
发明人： Gregory L. Snitchler , Jeffrey M. Seuntjens , William L. Barnes , Gilbert N. Riley, Jr.
IPC分类号： H01B12/08 , H01B13/00 , H01L39/14 , H01L39/24 , H01B12/00
CPC分类号： H01L39/143 , H01L39/248 , Y10S505/884 , Y10S505/926 , Y10T29/49014
摘要： A cabled conductor comprises a plurality of transposed strands each comprising one or more preferably twisted filaments preferably surrounded or supported by a matrix material and comprising textured anisotropic superconducting compounds which have crystallographic grain alignment that is substantially unidirectional and independent of the rotational orientation of the strands and filaments in the cabled conductors. The cabled conductor is made by forming a plurality of suitable composite strands, forming a cabled intermediate from the strands by transposing them about the longitudinal axis of the conductor at a preselected strand lay pitch, and, texturing the strands in one or more steps including at least one step involving application of a texturing process with a primary component directed orthogonal to the widest longitudinal cross-section of the cabled intermediate, at least one such orthogonal texturing step occurring subsequent to said strand transposition step. In a preferred embodiment, the filament cross-section, filament twist pitch, and strand lay pitch are cooperatively selected to provide a filament transposition area which is always at least ten times the preferred direction area of a typical grain of the desired anisotropic superconducting compound. For materials requiring biaxial texture, the texturing step preferably includes application of a texturing process with a second primary component in a predetermined direction in the plane of the widest longitudinal cross-section of the conductor.
摘要翻译：电缆导体包括多个转置的绞合线，每个绞合线包括一个或多个优选的绞合长丝，优选地被基体材料包围或支撑，并且包括纹理各向异性超导化合物，其具有基本上单向且不依赖于线的旋转取向的晶体取向，电缆导体中的细丝。电缆导体通过形成多个合适的复合线材制成，通过以预选的绞线间距将导体的纵向轴线绕它们绕导体的纵向轴线形成缆线中间体，并且以一个或多个步骤将绞合线组织包括在至少一个步骤涉及使用与所述有线中间件的最宽纵向横截面垂直的主要部件进行纹理化处理，在所述链转置步骤之后发生的至少一个这样的正交纹理化步骤。在优选的实施方案中，协调地选择细丝横截面，长丝扭曲节距和绞线间距，以提供总是至少是所需各向异性超导化合物的典型颗粒的优选方向面积的十倍的细丝转置区域。对于需要双轴纹理的材料，纹理化步骤优选地包括在导体的最宽纵向截面的平面中沿预定方向施加具有第二主要部件的纹理处理。

10. 发明授权

US06038462A Structure and method of manufacture for minimizing filament coupling losses in superconducting oxide composite articles 失效
公开(公告)号：US06038462A
公开(公告)日：2000-03-14
申请号：US862016
申请日：1997-05-22
申请人： Gregory L. Snitchler , Gilbert N. Riley, Jr. , Alexis P. Malozemoff , Craig J. Christopherson
发明人： Gregory L. Snitchler , Gilbert N. Riley, Jr. , Alexis P. Malozemoff , Craig J. Christopherson
IPC分类号： H01B12/10 , H01B13/00 , H01L39/14 , H01L39/24
CPC分类号： H01L39/248 , H01L39/143 , Y10S428/93 , Y10S505/704 , Y10T29/49014 , Y10T428/24942 , Y10T428/294
摘要： A multifilamentary superconducting composite article comprising multiple substantially electrically decoupled domains, each including one or more fine, preferably twisted filaments of a desired superconducting oxide material. In a preferred embodiment, the article comprises a matrix, which substantially comprises a noble metal, a conductive jacketing layer surrounding the matrix, a plurality of discrete filament decoupling layers, each comprising an insulating material, disposed within the matrix to separate the matrix into a plurality of substantially electrically decoupled domains; a plurality of filaments, each comprising a desired superconducting oxide, which are disposed within and essentially encapsulated by the matrix and chemically isolated thereby from the decoupling layers, each of the electrically decoupled domains containing at least one filament. It provides multifilamentary articles that exhibit high DC performance characteristics and AC performance markedly superior to any currently available for these materials. The article may be manufactured by first, forming a composite intermediate comprising multiple domains, each including one or more fine, preferably twisted filaments of a superconducting oxide or its precursors and then thermomechanically processing the intermediate at conditions sufficient to produce at least one of the effects of texturing, crack healing and, if a precursor to the desired superconducting oxide remains, phase transformation in the filament material under conditions which support the electrical separation of the domains. Preferably, the forming step includes the step of providing filament decoupling layers comprising insulating materials or their predecessors to provide the desired domain separation and most preferably, the insulating material is formed in situ from its predecessor during the thermomechanical processing step. Oxide-forming predecessors are preferred, especially oxide forming materials selected from the group consisting of the transition metals, the alkaline earths, titanium, zirconium, niobium, molybdenum, aluminum, and their alloys. In a preferred embodiment, the desired superconducting oxide material is a member of the bismuth or yttrium families of oxide superconductors.

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