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1. 发明授权

US4063423A Method of making built-in-place reinforced concrete piles 失效
标题翻译：内置钢筋混凝土桩的方法
公开(公告)号：US4063423A
公开(公告)日：1977-12-20
申请号：US577746
申请日：1975-05-15
申请人： Konstantin Stepanovich Gurkov , Nikolai Grigorievich Nazarov , Evgeny Nikolaevich Cherednikov , Vladimir Dmitrievich Plavskikh , Leonid Georgievich Rozhkov , Khaim Berkovich Tkach , Vladimir Alexandrovich Grigoraschenko , Alexandr Dmitrievich Kostylev , Vasily Georgievich Davydov , Valentin Alexeevich Zuev
发明人： Konstantin Stepanovich Gurkov , Nikolai Grigorievich Nazarov , Evgeny Nikolaevich Cherednikov , Vladimir Dmitrievich Plavskikh , Leonid Georgievich Rozhkov , Khaim Berkovich Tkach , Vladimir Alexandrovich Grigoraschenko , Alexandr Dmitrievich Kostylev , Vasily Georgievich Davydov , Valentin Alexeevich Zuev
IPC分类号： E02D5/36 , E02D5/34 , E02D5/48
CPC分类号： E02D5/36
摘要： Method consisting in forming a borehole in the ground preferably having a diameter smaller than the desired diameter of a pile, compacting a concrete mix poured into the borehole by repeatedly passing a pneumatic mole through the borehole filled with concrete to compact the concrete mix in the peripheral zone of the borehole thereby concurrently expanding the reinforcement.
摘要翻译：包括在地面上形成钻孔的方法，其优选地具有小于堆的期望直径的直径，通过重复地使气动摩擦通过填充有混凝土的钻孔来压实混入到钻孔中的混凝土混合物，以压缩外围混凝土混合物钻孔的区域，从而同时扩大钢筋。

2. 发明授权

US3952813A Percussive device for driving holes in soil 失效
标题翻译：用于在土壤中打孔的打击器
公开(公告)号：US3952813A
公开(公告)日：1976-04-27
申请号：US548137
申请日：1975-02-07
申请人： Nikolai Prokhorovich Chepurnoi , Alexandr Dmitrievich Kostylev , Konstantin Stepanovich Gurkov , Konstantin Konstantinovich Tupitsyn , Sergei Konstantinovich Tupitsyn , Nikolai Grigorievich Nazarov , Vladimir Dmitrievich Plavskikh , Khaim Berkovich Tkach , Evgeny Nikolaevich Cherednikov , Alexandr Nisovich Galbinshtein , Mikhail Vladimirovich Borshtein , Andron Trofimovich Karavaev , Valery Anatolievich Menzorov , Alexei Mikhailovich Makarov
发明人： Nikolai Prokhorovich Chepurnoi , Alexandr Dmitrievich Kostylev , Konstantin Stepanovich Gurkov , Konstantin Konstantinovich Tupitsyn , Sergei Konstantinovich Tupitsyn , Nikolai Grigorievich Nazarov , Vladimir Dmitrievich Plavskikh , Khaim Berkovich Tkach , Evgeny Nikolaevich Cherednikov , Alexandr Nisovich Galbinshtein , Mikhail Vladimirovich Borshtein , Andron Trofimovich Karavaev , Valery Anatolievich Menzorov , Alexei Mikhailovich Makarov
IPC分类号： E21B4/14 , E21B7/06 , E21B7/26 , E21B1/00 , E21B11/02
CPC分类号： E21B7/26 , E21B4/145 , E21B7/068
摘要： A percussive device comprising a housing with a pointed front end and a hammer piston accommodated in the housing to form a front working chamber therewith. The hammer piston is provided, in the rear portion thereof, with a cavity in permanent communication with a source of compressed air, the cavity serving as a rear working chamber. An airdistribution mechanism includes a tube mounted in the housing within the hammer piston cavity so that it is conjugated with the walls of the cavity, the piston having air passages therein positioned in such a manner that, during the reciprocation, the tube alternately communicates the front working chamber, via these passages, with either the rear working chamber or ambient atmosphere. The device is characterized by the provision of means for controlling the direction of the hole driving constituted by a construction wherein the hammer piston has its center of gravity offset with respect to the longitudinal axis of the housing, the hammer piston hits the housing at a location on a line extending through the center of gravity of the hammer piston, the hammer piston being positively rotatable relative to the housing.
摘要翻译：一种冲击装置，包括具有尖端前端的壳体和容纳在壳体中的锤形活塞，以与其形成前工作室。锤活塞在其后部设置有与压缩空气源永久连通的空腔，空腔用作后工作室。空气分配机构包括安装在锤式活塞腔内的壳体中的管，使得其与空腔的壁共轭，活塞在其中定位有空气通道，使得在往复运动期间，管交替地连通前工作室，通过这些通道，与后工作室或环境气氛。该装置的特征在于提供一种用于控制由一个结构构成的孔驱动方向的装置，其中锤活塞的重心相对于壳体的纵向轴线偏移，锤活塞在一个位置处撞击壳体在延伸穿过锤子活塞的重心的线上，锤子活塞相对于壳体可以正转。

3. 发明授权

US4114700A Pneumatic apparatus of the percussive type 失效
标题翻译：冲击式气动装置
公开(公告)号：US4114700A
公开(公告)日：1978-09-19
申请号：US782100
申请日：1977-03-28
申请人： Khaim Berkovich Tkach , Alexandr Dmitrievich Kostylev , Konstantin Stepanovich Gurkov , Boris Nikolaevich Smolyanitsky , Vladimir Dmitrievich Plavskikh , Vladimir Petrovich Boginsky
发明人： Khaim Berkovich Tkach , Alexandr Dmitrievich Kostylev , Konstantin Stepanovich Gurkov , Boris Nikolaevich Smolyanitsky , Vladimir Dmitrievich Plavskikh , Vladimir Petrovich Boginsky
IPC分类号： E02D7/18 , E21B4/14 , E21B7/26 , E21B11/02
CPC分类号： E21B4/145 , E21B7/26
摘要： The apparatus has a pointed-nose hollow cylindrical body with a closed rear portion. Disposed inside the body, so as to enable reciprocation and rotation about the axis of the body, is a stepped striker which can be locked against rotation about the axis of the body in two positions, the positions corresponding to forward and reverse movement of the apparatus.For the purpose of admitting compressed air into a forward working chamber, the striker is provided with a central passage permanently connected to a rear working chamber and at least two radial passages which provide communication between the central passage and an outer cylindrical surface of a large step of the striker. The radial passages are displaced relative to each other both circumferentially and longitudinally along the axis of the body. The body is provided with grooves in an inner surface of its forward portion which define, in conjunction with the outer cylindrical surface of the large step of the striker, passages arranged so that one of the radial passages of the striker is connected to them when the striker is in one of the locked positions.For the purpose of discharging air from the forward working chamber into the atmosphere, the striker is provided with longitudinal grooves in the outer surface of its large step within the forward portion which define, in conjunction with the body, passages opening into the forward working chamber, the body being provided with ports which recurrently connect the forward working chamber to the atmosphere through these passages.
摘要翻译：该装置具有尖端的中空圆柱体，其具有封闭的后部。设置在身体内部，以便能够围绕身体的轴线进行往复运动和旋转，是一个阶梯式撞击器，其能够在两个位置上被锁定以防止围绕主体的轴线旋转，该位置对应于装置的正向和反向运动。

4. 发明授权

US4121672A Reversing pneumatic percussive device 失效
标题翻译：逆转气动冲击装置
公开(公告)号：US4121672A
公开(公告)日：1978-10-24
申请号：US809312
申请日：1977-06-23
申请人： Khaim Berkovich Tkach , Alexander Dmitrievich Kostylev , Konstantin Stepanovich Gurkov , Boris Nikolaevich Smolyanitsky , Vladimir Dmitrievich Plavskikh , Vladimir Vasilievich Klimashko
发明人： Khaim Berkovich Tkach , Alexander Dmitrievich Kostylev , Konstantin Stepanovich Gurkov , Boris Nikolaevich Smolyanitsky , Vladimir Dmitrievich Plavskikh , Vladimir Vasilievich Klimashko
IPC分类号： B25D9/18 , E02F5/16 , E21B4/14 , E21B11/02
CPC分类号： B25D9/18 , E21B4/145
摘要： The device has a hollow cylindrical housing pointed at the front end and accommodating a hammer piston, which defines with the housing a front end work chamber and, which has at a rear end portion a cylindrical space and an open-ended radial passage. The cylindrical space receives the large portion of a stepped pipe in order to define with the hammer piston a rear end work chamber. The small portion of the pipe is received in the rear end portion of the housing for rotation about its axis within limits defined by a locking member and is connected, by means of a flexible hose, to a source of compressed air for permanent supply to the rear end work chamber of compressed air. The large portion of the stepped pipe opens the radial passage of the hammer piston at regular intervals to establish communication between the front end work chamber and the rear end work chamber, thereby enabling forward movement of the device. For reversing the movement of the device, the large portion of the pipe is provided at a front end face with a recess and at a rear end face with a projection located in alignment with the recess. The lengths of the recess and projection are such that when they are located in alignment with the radial passage, which is achieved by rotating the pipe within the limits defined by the locking member, air escapes from the front end work chamber at the position of the hammer piston in which blows are imparted to the rear end portion of the housing, and compressed air is admitted to the front end work chamber at the position of the hammer piston in which it is decelerated so as to prevent blows from being imparted to the front end portion of the housing.
摘要翻译：该装置具有指向前端的中空圆柱形壳体并且容纳锤形活塞，该锤活塞与壳体一起限定了前端工作室，并且在后端部分具有圆柱形空间和开放式径向通道。圆柱形空间接收大部分阶梯式管，以便用锤式活塞限定后端工作室。管的小部分被容纳在壳体的后端部分中，用于围绕其轴线在由锁定构件限定的限度内旋转，并且通过柔性软管连接到压缩空气源，以永久地供应到后端工作室的压缩空气。阶梯式管道的大部分以规则的间隔打开锤式活塞的径向通道，以建立前端工作室和后端工作室之间的连通，从而使装置能够向前移动。为了反转装置的运动，管的大部分设置在具有凹部的前端面处，并且在后端面处设置有与凹部对准的突起。凹槽和突起的长度使得当它们与径向通道对准时，其通过在由锁定构件限定的限制内旋转管道而实现，空气从前端工作室逸出位于锤子活塞，其中吹送到壳体的后端部分，并且压缩空气在其减速的锤形活塞的位置处进入前端工作室，以防止吹向前部外壳的端部。

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