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1. 发明授权

US07796593B1 Router using internal flood groups for flooding VPLS traffic 有权
标题翻译：路由器使用内部洪泛组洪泛VPLS流量
公开(公告)号：US07796593B1
公开(公告)日：2010-09-14
申请号：US12020839
申请日：2008-01-28
申请人： Kaushik Ghosh , Kireeti Kompella , Raj Tuplur , Junan Chen , Amit Shukla
发明人： Kaushik Ghosh , Kireeti Kompella , Raj Tuplur , Junan Chen , Amit Shukla
IPC分类号： H04L12/28
CPC分类号： H04L12/4641 , H04L12/4633 , H04L45/00 , H04L45/18 , H04L45/32
摘要： In general, techniques are described for flooding VPLS traffic with a network device according to flood groups. The network device resides within a layer 3 (L3) network and includes a control unit that executes a virtual private LAN service (VPLS) protocol that enables a VPLS domain to operate over the L3 network. The network device further includes a plurality of packet forwarding engines, each of which include a plurality of interface cards that receive a layer 2 (L2) message originating from the L2 network. The packet forwarding engines associate the L2 packet with a configurable flood group, wherein the flood group defines criteria to determine which messages to associate to the flood group and indicates a set of the interface cards for forwarding the associated messages. The packet forwarding engines further flood the L2 packet via each interface card indicated by the associated flood group.
摘要翻译：一般来说，描述了根据洪泛组洪泛VPLS业务与网络设备的技术。网络设备驻留在第3层（L3）网络中，并且包括执行虚拟专用LAN服务（VPLS）协议的控制单元，其使得VPLS域能够在L3网络上运行。网络设备还包括多个分组转发引擎，每个分组转发引擎包括接收来自L2网络的第二层（L2）消息的多个接口卡。分组转发引擎将L2分组与可配置泛洪组相关联，其中，洪泛组定义用于确定哪些消息与洪泛组相关联的标准，并且指示用于转发相关消息的一组接口卡。分组转发引擎通过由相关联的洪泛组指示的每个接口卡进一步泛洪L2分组。

2. 发明授权

US07649904B1 Seamless split-horizon flooding of layer two (L2) network traffic on non-native and mixed architectures 有权
标题翻译：在非本地和混合架构上的第二层（L2）网络流量的无缝分裂溢流
公开(公告)号：US07649904B1
公开(公告)日：2010-01-19
申请号：US12034299
申请日：2008-02-20
申请人： Kaushik Ghosh , Kireeti Kompella , Junan Chen , Raj Tuplur
发明人： Kaushik Ghosh , Kireeti Kompella , Junan Chen , Raj Tuplur
IPC分类号： H04L12/54
CPC分类号： H04L45/50 , H04L45/02 , H04L45/025
摘要： A forwarding component of a routing node floods copies of a packet to a plurality of next hops associated with the same layer two (L2) network as an interface on which the packet was received. The plurality of next hops excludes a next hop that corresponds to the interface that received the packet. The forwarding component requires that forwarding information installed by a control unit specify the plurality of next hops to which to flood the copies of the packet, and the forwarding component is not capable of deriving the plurality of next hops to which to flood the copies of the packet from a single flooding next hop identifier after the packet is received. Prior to receiving the packet, a flooding next hop control module derives the plurality of next hops based on the flooding next hop and installs the derived next hops into the forwarding information.
摘要翻译：路由节点的转发组件将分组的副本泛洪到与其接收分组的接口相关联的多个与相同的第二层（L2）网络相关联的下一跳。多个下一跳排除了对应于接收到分组的接口的下一跳。转发组件要求由控制单元安装的转发信息指定多个下一跳，洪泛化分组的副本，并且转发组件不能导出多个下一跳，洪泛的副本在接收到分组之后，来自单个洪泛下一跳标识符的分组。在接收到分组之前，洪泛的下一跳控制模块基于洪泛下一跳导出多个下一跳，并将导出的下一跳安装到转发信息中。

3. 发明授权

US07990993B1 Platform-independent control plane and lower-level derivation of forwarding structures 有权
标题翻译：平台独立的控制平面和转发结构的较低级派生
公开(公告)号：US07990993B1
公开(公告)日：2011-08-02
申请号：US12266298
申请日：2008-11-06
申请人： Kaushik Ghosh , Kireeti Kompella , Junan Chen , Raj Tuplar
发明人： Kaushik Ghosh , Kireeti Kompella , Junan Chen , Raj Tuplar
IPC分类号： H04L12/54
CPC分类号： H04L45/025 , H04L45/50 , H04L45/52
摘要： A network device includes a processor that executes a software module above an operating system of a network device, wherein the software module is configured to create a set of forwarding structures for use in forwarding network traffic with the network device without regard to limitations of an underlying architecture of the forwarding plane. The network device also includes a forwarding structure control module operative within or below the operating system of the network device, wherein the forwarding structure control module is configured to create a set of derived forwarding structures based on the set of forwarding structures provided by the software module for installation in the forwarding information of the forwarding plane. The derived set of forwarding structures is created in accordance with the limitations of the underlying architecture of the forwarding plane.
摘要翻译：网络设备包括执行网络设备的操作系统之上的软件模块的处理器，其中所述软件模块被配置为创建一组转发结构，用于在网络设备转发网络流量时使用，而不考虑底层的限制转发架构。网络设备还包括在网络设备的操作系统内或下方操作的转发结构控制模块，其中转发结构控制模块被配置为基于由软件模块提供的转发结构集合来创建一组导出的转发结构用于安装在转发平面的转发信息中。根据转发平面的底层架构的限制创建导出的转发结构集合。

4. 发明授权

US08014317B1 Next hop chaining for forwarding data in a network switching device 有权
标题翻译：下一跳链路用于在网络交换设备中转发数据
公开(公告)号：US08014317B1
公开(公告)日：2011-09-06
申请号：US12195686
申请日：2008-08-21
申请人： Kaushik Ghosh , Kireeti Kompella , Siva Gaggara , Nitin Kumar , Steven Lin
发明人： Kaushik Ghosh , Kireeti Kompella , Siva Gaggara , Nitin Kumar , Steven Lin
IPC分类号： H04L12/28 , H04L12/56 , G06F15/173
CPC分类号： H04L45/745 , H04L12/4633 , H04L45/02 , H04L45/50
摘要： A route for a data unit through a network may be defined based on a number of next hops. Exemplary embodiments described herein may implement a router forwarding table as a chained list of references to next hops. In one implementation, a device includes a forwarding table that includes: a first table configured to store, for each of a plurality of routes for data units in a network, a chain of links to next hops for the routes; and a second table configured to store the next hops. The device also includes a forwarding engine configured to assemble the next hops for the data units based on using the chain of links in the first table to retrieve the next hops in the second table and to forward the data units in the network based on the assembled next hops.
摘要翻译：可以基于下一跳的数量来定义通过网络的数据单元的路由。本文描述的示例性实施例可以将路由器转发表实现为对下一跳的链接列表。在一个实现中，设备包括转发表，其包括：第一表，被配置为针对网络中的数据单元的多条路由中的每一条存储到路由的下一跳的链路链路; 以及配置为存储下一跳的第二表。所述设备还包括转发引擎，所述转发引擎被配置为基于使用所述第一表中的链路链来组合所述数据单元的下一跳，以检索所述第二表中的下一跳，并且基于组合的所述网络转发所述网络中的数据单元下一跳

5. 发明授权

US08599721B2 Composite next hops for forwarding data in a network switching device 有权
标题翻译：用于在网络交换设备中转发数据的复合下一跳
公开(公告)号：US08599721B2
公开(公告)日：2013-12-03
申请号：US13009367
申请日：2011-01-19
申请人： Kaushik Ghosh , Kireeti Kompella
发明人： Kaushik Ghosh , Kireeti Kompella
IPC分类号： H04L12/28 , H04L12/56
CPC分类号： H04L45/02 , H04L45/025
摘要： A network device includes a memory, a routing engine and a forwarding engine. The memory stores a forwarding table and the routing engine constructs a first composite next hop that includes multiple next hops, where each of the multiple next hops represents an action to be taken on a data unit as it transits the network device or represents another composite next hop, and where the first composite next hop specifies a function to be performed on the plurality of next hops. The routing engine further stores the composite next hop in an entry of the forwarding table. The forwarding engine retrieves the composite next hop from the forwarding table, and forwards a data unit towards one or more network destinations based on the composite next hop.
摘要翻译：网络设备包括存储器，路由引擎和转发引擎。存储器存储转发表，并且路由引擎构建包括多个下一跳的第一复合下一跳，其中多个下一跳中的每一个表示当数据单元在网络设备上运行时或在代表另一个复合的数据单元上采取的动作并且第一复合下一跳指定要对多个下一跳执行的功能。路由引擎还将复合下一跳存储在转发表的条目中。转发引擎从转发表中检索复合下一跳，并且基于复合下一跳将数据单元转发到一个或多个网络目的地。

6. 发明授权

US07948986B1 Applying services within MPLS networks 有权
标题翻译：在MPLS网络中应用业务
公开(公告)号：US07948986B1
公开(公告)日：2011-05-24
申请号：US12392740
申请日：2009-02-25
申请人： Kaushik Ghosh , Kireeti Kompella , Kannan Varadhan
发明人： Kaushik Ghosh , Kireeti Kompella , Kannan Varadhan
IPC分类号： H04L12/56
CPC分类号： H04L45/50
摘要： In general, techniques are described that facilitate application of service within MPLS networks. More specifically, a router comprises a forwarding plane, a service plane and a routing engine. The routing engine maintains data defining an association between a handle identifying a property common to a plurality of packets of a particular context and one or more MPLS labels associated with these packets. The routing engine automatically generates and installs a filter to identify these packets within both the forwarding and service planes. The forwarding plane applies the filter to incoming packets to determine whether each of the incoming packets includes a label matching any of the labels of the filter and forwards the incoming packets to the service plane upon a match. The service card selects one or more services identified by the filter and applies the selected one or more services to the incoming packet.
摘要翻译：一般来说，描述了有助于在MPLS网络中应用服务的技术。更具体地，路由器包括转发平面，服务平面和路由引擎。路由引擎维护定义标识特定上下文的多个分组的公共属性的句柄与与这些分组相关联的一个或多个MPLS标签之间的关联的数据。路由引擎自动生成并安装过滤器，以便在转发和服务平面内识别这些数据包。转发平面将过滤器应用于传入的数据包，以确定每个传入数据包是否包含与过滤器的任何标签相匹配的标签，并在匹配时将传入数据包转发到服务平面。服务卡选择由过滤器识别的一个或多个服务，并将所选择的一个或多个服务应用于传入分组。

7. 发明授权

US07898985B1 Composite next hops for forwarding data in a network switching device 有权
标题翻译：用于在网络交换设备中转发数据的复合下一跳
公开(公告)号：US07898985B1
公开(公告)日：2011-03-01
申请号：US12107808
申请日：2008-04-23
申请人： Kaushik Ghosh , Kireeti Kompella
发明人： Kaushik Ghosh , Kireeti Kompella
IPC分类号： H04L12/28 , H04L12/56
CPC分类号： H04L45/02 , H04L45/025
摘要： A network device includes a memory, a routing engine and a forwarding engine. The memory stores a forwarding table and the routing engine constructs a first composite next hop that includes multiple next hops, where each of the multiple next hops represents an action to be taken on a data unit as it transits the network device or represents another composite next hop, and where the first composite next hop specifies a function to be performed on the plurality of next hops. The routing engine further stores the composite next hop in an entry of the forwarding table. The forwarding engine retrieves the composite next hop from the forwarding table, and forwards a data unit towards one or more network destinations based on the composite next hop.
摘要翻译：网络设备包括存储器，路由引擎和转发引擎。存储器存储转发表，并且路由引擎构建包括多个下一跳的第一复合下一跳，其中多个下一跳中的每一个表示当数据单元在网络设备上运行时或在代表另一个复合的数据单元上采取的动作并且第一复合下一跳指定要对多个下一跳执行的功能。路由引擎还将复合下一跳存储在转发表的条目中。转发引擎从转发表中检索复合下一跳，并且基于复合下一跳将数据单元转发到一个或多个网络目的地。

8. 发明授权

US08514744B2 Next hop chaining for forwarding data in a network switching device 有权
标题翻译：下一跳链路用于在网络交换设备中转发数据
公开(公告)号：US08514744B2
公开(公告)日：2013-08-20
申请号：US13192216
申请日：2011-07-27
申请人： Kaushik Ghosh , Kireeti Kompella , Siva Gaggara , Nitin Kumar , Steven Lin
发明人： Kaushik Ghosh , Kireeti Kompella , Siva Gaggara , Nitin Kumar , Steven Lin
IPC分类号： H04L12/28 , H04L12/56 , G06F15/173
CPC分类号： H04L45/745 , H04L12/4633 , H04L45/02 , H04L45/50
摘要： A route for a data unit through a network may be defined based on a number of next hops. Exemplary embodiments described herein may implement a router forwarding table as a chained list of references to next hops. In one implementation, a device includes a forwarding table that includes: a first table configured to store, for each of a plurality of routes for data units in a network, a chain of links to next hops for the routes; and a second table configured to store the next hops. The device also includes a forwarding engine configured to assemble the next hops for the data units based on using the chain of links in the first table to retrieve the next hops in the second table and to forward the data units in the network based on the assembled next hops.
摘要翻译：可以基于下一跳的数量来定义通过网络的数据单元的路由。本文描述的示例性实施例可以将路由器转发表实现为对下一跳的链接列表。在一个实现中，设备包括转发表，其包括：第一表，被配置为针对网络中的数据单元的多个路由中的每一个存储到路由的下一跳的链路链路; 以及配置为存储下一跳的第二表。所述设备还包括转发引擎，所述转发引擎被配置为基于使用所述第一表中的链路链来组合所述数据单元的下一跳，以检索所述第二表中的下一跳，并且基于组合的所述网络转发所述网络中的数据单元下一跳

9. 发明授权

US08578013B2 Donor/borrower incident notification for daemons 有权
标题翻译：捐助者/借款人事件通知守护进程
公开(公告)号：US08578013B2
公开(公告)日：2013-11-05
申请号：US13563400
申请日：2012-07-31
申请人： Kaushik Ghosh , Bharani Chadalavada , Vinay Nallamothu
发明人： Kaushik Ghosh , Bharani Chadalavada , Vinay Nallamothu
IPC分类号： G06F15/173 , H04W36/00
CPC分类号： H04L61/20 , H04L61/2007
摘要： A device may include a donor to maintain a pool of addresses; a group of borrowers to obtain addresses from the donor; a daemon that has registered an interest in one or more borrowers in the group of borrowers; and a library to maintain first relationships between donors and borrowers that have obtained addresses from the donors, maintain second relationships between daemons and borrowers in which the daemons have registered an interest, receive a notification regarding an incident associated with the donor, identify, in response to the notification, the group of borrowers based on the first relationships, determine that the daemon has registered an interest in the one or more borrowers in the group of borrowers based on the second relationships, and output, to the daemon, a notification regarding the incident associated with the donor.
摘要翻译：设备可以包括维护地址池的供体; 一组借款人从捐赠人处获得地址; 一个对借款人集团中的一个或多个借款人有兴趣的守护进程; 以及一个图书馆，以保持捐助者和借款人之间的第一次关系，这些关系已经从捐助方获得了地址，维护守护进程注册了兴趣的守护进程和借款人之间的第二个关系，收到与捐助者有关的事件的通知，作为回应基于第一关系的借款人组确定守护进程基于第二关系向借款人组中的一个或多个借款人注册了兴趣，并向该守护进程输出有关该借款人的通知与捐赠者有关的事件。

10. 发明授权

US08218426B2 Multiple stage fourier transform apparatus, processes, and articles of manufacture 有权
标题翻译：多级傅里叶变换装置，工艺和制品
公开(公告)号：US08218426B2
公开(公告)日：2012-07-10
申请号：US12408363
申请日：2009-03-20
申请人： Hemanth Sampath , Kaushik Ghosh , Raghu N. Challa , Sameer Vermani
发明人： Hemanth Sampath , Kaushik Ghosh , Raghu N. Challa , Sameer Vermani
IPC分类号： H04J11/00
CPC分类号： H04L27/265 , G06F17/142 , H04L27/263
摘要： In embodiments, a fast Fourier transform (FFT) engine includes a series of stages, each stage containing a butterfly and a data normalization device configured to scale output of the stage's butterfly. The scaling factors are adjusted, for example, periodically or on as-needed basis, so that the dynamic range of the butterflies and the buffers is increased for a given bit-width, or the bit-width of these devices is decreased for the same dynamic range. Additionally, bit-width of other buffer(s) is decreased because of the scaling of the data.
摘要翻译：在实施例中，快速傅里叶变换（FFT）引擎包括一系列级，每级包含蝴蝶和配置成缩放舞台蝴蝶的输出的数据归一化装置。比例因子例如可以周期性地或根据需要进行调整，使得蝴蝶和缓冲器的动态范围在给定位宽度上增加，或者这些装置的位宽减小动态范围。此外，由于数据的缩放，其他缓冲区的位宽被减小。

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