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    • 5. 发明申请
    • Snap-through thermal actuator
    • US20050099462A1
    • 2005-05-12
    • US11015999
    • 2004-12-18
    • Antonio CabalJohn LebensDavid TrauernichtDavid Ross
    • Antonio CabalJohn LebensDavid TrauernichtDavid Ross
    • B41J2/14B41J2/04
    • B41J2/14B41J2002/14346
    • A snap-through thermal actuator for a micro-electromechanical device such as a liquid drop emitter or a fluid control microvalve is disclosed. The snap-through actuator is comprised of a base element formed with a depression having opposing anchor edges which define a central plane. A deformable element, attached to the base element at the opposing anchor edges, is constructed as a planar lamination including a first layer of a first material having a low coefficient of thermal expansion and a second layer of a second material having a high coefficient of thermal expansion. The deformable element is formed to have a residual shape bowing outward from the central plane in a first direction away from the second layer. The snap-through thermal actuator further comprises apparatus adapted to apply a heat pulse to the deformable element which causes a sudden rise in the temperature of the deformable element. The deformable element initially bows farther outward in the first direction, then, due to thermomechanical torque's acting at the opposing anchor edges, reverses and snaps through the central plane to bow outward in a second direction toward the second layer, and then relaxes to the residual shape as the temperature decreases. The snap-through thermal actuator is configured with a liquid chamber having a nozzle, a fluid flow port to form a liquid drop emitter or a fluid control microvalve, or to activate an electrical microswitch. Heat pulses are applied to the deformable element by resistive heating or by light energy pulses.
    • 7. 发明申请
    • Tapered multi-layer thermal actuator and method of operating same
    • US20050052496A1
    • 2005-03-10
    • US10953401
    • 2004-09-29
    • Christopher DelametterEdward FurlaniJohn LebensDavid TrauernichtAntonio CabalDavid RossStephen Pond
    • Christopher DelametterEdward FurlaniJohn LebensDavid TrauernichtAntonio CabalDavid RossStephen Pond
    • B41J2/045B05C5/00B41J2/055B41J2/14B41J2/16B81B3/00B41J2/04
    • B41J2/14427B41J2/1628B41J2/1631B41J2/1648
    • An apparatus for and method of operating a thermal actuator for a micromechanical device, especially a liquid drop emitter such as an ink jet printhead, is disclosed. The disclosed thermal actuator comprises a base element and a cantilevered element including a thermo-mechanical bender portion extending from the base element to a free end tip. The thermo-mechanical bender portion includes a barrier layer constructed of a dielectric material having low thermal conductivity, a first deflector layer constructed of a first electrically resistive material having a large coefficient of thermal expansion, and a second deflector layer constructed of a second electrically resistive material having a large coefficient of thermal expansion wherein the barrier layer is bonded between the first and second deflector layers. The thermo-mechanical bender portion further has a base end and base end width, wb, adjacent the base element, and a free end and free end width, wf, adjacent the free end tip, wherein the base end width is substantially greater than the free end width. A first heater resistor is formed in the first deflector layer and adapted to apply heat energy having a first spatial thermal pattern which results in a first deflector layer base end temperature increase, ΔT1b, that is greater than a first deflector layer free end temperature increase, ΔT1f. A second heater resistor is formed in the second deflector layer and adapted to apply heat energy having a second spatial thermal pattern which results in a second deflector layer base end temperature increase, ΔT2b that is greater than a second deflector layer free end temperature increase, ΔT2f. Application of an electrical pulse to either the first or second heater resistors causes deflection of the cantilevered element, followed by restoration of the cantilevered element to an initial position as heat diffuses through the barrier layer and the cantilevered element reaches a uniform temperature. For liquid drop emitter embodiments, the thermal actuator resides in a liquid-filled chamber that includes a nozzle for ejecting liquid. Application of electrical pulses to the heater resistors is used to adjust the characteristics of liquid drop emission. The barrier layer exhibits a heat transfer time constant τB. The thermal actuator is activated by a heat pulses of duration τP wherein τP
    • 8. 发明申请
    • Liquid drop emitter with reduced surface temperature actuator
    • 具有降低表面温度执行器的液滴发射器
    • US20050046671A1
    • 2005-03-03
    • US10650873
    • 2003-08-28
    • Antonio CabalJohn LebensStephen Pond
    • Antonio CabalJohn LebensStephen Pond
    • B41J2/14B41J2/16B41J2/04
    • B41J2/14427B41J2/1628B41J2/1639B41J2/1645B41J2/1646B41J2/1648
    • An apparatus for a liquid drop emitter, especially for use in an ink jet printhead, is disclosed. A chamber filled with a liquid, a nozzle and a thermo-mechanical actuator, extending into the chamber from at least one wall of the chamber is disclosed. A movable element of the thermo-mechanical actuator is configured with a bending portion which bends when heated. The bending portion comprises a first layer having first and second sides, constructed of a first material having a high coefficient of thermal expansion, a second layer, attached to the second side of the first layer, and a third layer, attached to the first side of the first layer, constructed of a third material having a low thermal conductivity and a low Young's modulus. Apparatus is adapted to apply heat pulses to the bending portion resulting in rapid deflection of the movable element, ejection of a liquid drop, without degradation or vaporization of the liquid. The third material may be an organic polymer having a Young's modulus less than 10 GPa and thermal conductivity less than 1 W/(m ° K), for example PTFE, teflon.
    • 公开了一种用于液滴发射器的装置,特别用于喷墨打印头。 公开了一种充满液体,喷嘴和热机械致动器的室,其从室的至少一个壁延伸到室中。 热机械致动器的可移动元件构造有弯曲部分,其在加热时弯曲。 弯曲部分包括具有第一和第二侧面的第一层,由具有高热膨胀系数的第一材料构成,附接到第一层的第二侧的第二层和附着到第一层的第三层 的第一层由具有低热导率和低杨氏模量的第三材料构成。 设备适于将热脉冲施加到弯曲部分,导致可移动元件的快速偏转,液滴的喷射,而不会降低或蒸发液体。 第三种材料可以是具有小于10GPa的杨氏模量和小于1W /(m°K)的热导率的有机聚合物,例如PTFE,特氟隆。