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1. 发明授权

US6091388A Method of driving optical modulation device 失效
标题翻译：光调制装置的驱动方法
公开(公告)号：US6091388A
公开(公告)日：2000-07-18
申请号：US863598
申请日：1997-05-27
申请人： Junichiro Kanbe , Kazuharu Katagiri , Syuzo Kaneko
发明人： Junichiro Kanbe , Kazuharu Katagiri , Syuzo Kaneko
IPC分类号： G09G3/20 , G09G3/34 , G09G3/36
CPC分类号： G09G3/3629 , G03C2001/0471 , G09G2310/0205 , G09G2310/04 , G09G2310/06 , G09G2310/065 , G09G2320/0209 , G09G3/2014 , G09G3/2018 , Y10S359/90
摘要： A driving method for an optical modulation device is applicable to driving of an optical modulation device, e.g. a liquid crystal device having a matrix electrode arrangement comprising a group of scanning electrodes, a group of signal electrodes oppositely spaced from the group of scanning electrodes, and an optical modulation material (e.g. a liquid crystal) showing bistability with respect to an electric filed applied thereto disposed between the groups of scanning electrodes and signal electrodes. The driving method is featured by applying a voltage allowing the liquid crystal having bistability to be oriented to a first stable state (one optically stable state) between a selected scanning electrode of the group of scanning electrodes and a selected signal electrode of the group of signal electrodes, and by applying a voltage allowing the liquid crystal having bistability to be oriented to a second stable state (the other optically stable state) between the selected scanning electrodes and non-selected signal electrodes; or by applying a voltage allowing the optical modulation material having bistabity to be oriented to a first stable state between a selected scanning electrode and the group of signal electrodes, applying a voltage allowing the liquid crystal oriented to the first stable state to be oriented to a second stable state between the selected scanning electrode and a selected signal electrode, and applying a voltage set to a value between a threshold voltage -V.sub.th2 (for the second stable state) and a threshold voltage V.sub.th1 (for the first stable state) between non-selected scanning electrodes and the group of signal electrodes.
摘要翻译：光调制装置的驱动方法适用于光调制装置的驱动，例如，具有矩阵电极装置的液晶装置，该矩阵电极装置包括一组扫描电极，与该组扫描电极相对的一组信号电极以及显示相对于电场的双稳态的光调制材料（例如液晶）设置在扫描电极组和信号电极之间。该驱动方法的特征在于，通过施加电压，使具有双稳态的液晶取向为扫描电极组的选定的扫描电极和信号组的选定的信号电极之间的第一稳定状态（一个光学稳定状态）并且通过施加允许具有双稳态的液晶被定向到所选择的扫描电极和未选择的信号电极之间的第二稳定状态（另一个光学稳定状态）的电压; 或者通过施加允许具有双稳态的光调制材料在选定的扫描电极和信号电极组之间的第一稳定状态的电压，施加允许朝向第一稳定状态的液晶取向为在所选择的扫描电极和所选择的信号电极之间的第二稳定状态，并且将设置为阈值电压-Vth2（用于第二稳定状态）和阈值电压Vth1之间（用于第一稳定状态的阈值）选择的扫描电极和信号电极组。

2. 发明授权

US5825390A Method of driving optical modulation device 失效
公开(公告)号：US5825390A
公开(公告)日：1998-10-20
申请号：US444898
申请日：1995-05-19
申请人： Junichiro Kanbe , Kazuharu Katagiri , Syuzo Kaneko
发明人： Junichiro Kanbe , Kazuharu Katagiri , Syuzo Kaneko
IPC分类号： G09G3/20 , G09G3/34 , G09G3/36
CPC分类号： G09G3/3629 , G03C2001/0471 , G09G2310/0205 , G09G2310/04 , G09G2310/06 , G09G2310/065 , G09G2320/0209 , G09G3/2014 , G09G3/2018 , Y10S359/90
摘要： A liquid crystal apparatus includes a liquid crystal device having a group of scanning electrodes and a group of signal electrodes intersecting each other to form an electrode matrix, and a chiral smectic liquid crystal having a threshold voltage varying depending on a voltage pulse width disposed so as to form a picture element at each intersection of the scanning electrodes and the signal electrodes. The electrodes are driven by (a) applying a scanning selection signal and a scanning non-selection signal to the scanning electrodes, (b) applying data signals to the signal electrodes so as to apply a voltage to a selected picture element at an intersection of a selected scanning electrode receiving the scanning selection signal and a selected signal electrode, the voltage applied to the selected picture element being at least two times a voltage applied to a non-selected picture element at an intersection of a non-selected scanning electrode receiving the scanning non-selection signal and a selected or non-selected signal electrode, (c) periodically applying the scanning selection signal to the scanning electrodes, and (d) setting a voltage level of the voltage according to a local environmental temperature.

3. 发明授权

US5841417A Method of driving optical modulation device 失效
标题翻译：光调制装置的驱动方法
公开(公告)号：US5841417A
公开(公告)日：1998-11-24
申请号：US463781
申请日：1995-06-05
申请人： Junichiro Kanbe , Kazuharu Katagiri , Syuzo Kaneko
发明人： Junichiro Kanbe , Kazuharu Katagiri , Syuzo Kaneko
IPC分类号： G09G3/20 , G09G3/34 , G09G3/36
CPC分类号： G09G3/3629 , G03C2001/0471 , G09G2310/0205 , G09G2310/04 , G09G2310/06 , G09G2310/065 , G09G2320/0209 , G09G3/2014 , G09G3/2018 , Y10S359/90
摘要： A liquid crystal apparatus includes a liquid crystal device having a group of scanning lines and a group of signal lines intersecting each other to form a matrix of picture elements, and a chiral smectic liquid crystal disposed so as to form the picture elements. The device is driven by: (a) applying a scanning selection signal and a scanning non-selection signal to the scanning lines, the scanning selection signal comprising a voltage of one polarity and a voltage of the other polarity, respectively with reference to a voltage level of the scanning non-selection signal, (b) applying a data signal having a voltage determined according to an environmental temperature for causing one orientation state of the chiral smectic liquid crystal selectively to the signal lines in a period of applying the voltage of one polarity to a scanning line and applying a data signal having a voltage determined according to an environmental temperature for causing another orientation state of the chiral smectic liquid crystal selectively to the signal lines in a period of applying the voltage of the other polarity to the scanning line, and (c) periodically applying the scanning selection signal to the scanning lines.
摘要翻译：液晶装置包括：具有一组扫描线和一组彼此相交的信号线以形成像素矩阵的液晶装置;和设置成形成像素的手性近晶液晶。该装置由以下部分驱动：（a）向扫描线施加扫描选择信号和扫描非选择信号，扫描选择信号分别包括一个极性的电压和另一个极性的电压，参考电压扫描非选择信号的电平，（b）施加具有根据环境温度确定的电压的数据信号，以在施加一个电压的时间段内将手性近晶液晶的一个取向状态选择性地连接到信号线并且施加具有根据环境温度确定的电压的数据信号，以便在将另一极性的电压施加到扫描线的期间内将手性近晶液晶的另一取向状态选择性地连接到信号线，（c）周期性地对扫描线施加扫描选择信号。

4. 发明授权

US5548303A Method of driving optical modulation device 失效
标题翻译：光调制装置的驱动方法
公开(公告)号：US5548303A
公开(公告)日：1996-08-20
申请号：US444899
申请日：1995-05-19
申请人： Junichiro Kanbe , Kazuharu Katagiri , Syuzo Kaneko
发明人： Junichiro Kanbe , Kazuharu Katagiri , Syuzo Kaneko
IPC分类号： G09G3/20 , G09G3/34 , G09G3/36
CPC分类号： G09G3/3629 , G03C2001/0471 , G09G2310/0205 , G09G2310/04 , G09G2310/06 , G09G2310/065 , G09G2320/0209 , G09G3/2014 , G09G3/2018 , Y10S359/90
摘要： An optical modulation apparatus has a matrix electrode arrangement comprising scanning electrodes and signal electrodes oppositely spaced from the scanning electrodes. Scanning signals are selectively applied sequentially and periodically to the scanning electrodes and information signals are selectively applied to the signal electrodes in synchronism with the scanning signals to effect optical modulation of an optical modulation material showing a first stable state and a second stable state with respect to an electric field applied thereto interposed between the scanning and signal electrodes. Before or after an information signal is applied to a selected signal electrode in synchronism with a scanning signal applied to a selected scanning electrode, an auxiliary signal different from the information signal is applied to the selected signal electrode in synchronism with the scanning signal, and an amplitude of a writing voltage applied to an intersection of the selected scanning electrode and the selected signal electrode is two or more times that of a first non-writing voltage applied to an intersection of a non-selected scanning electrode and the selected signal electrode. The amplitudes of the writing voltage and the first non-writing voltage are respectively determined with respect to a reference voltage determined as a difference between a voltage applied to a signal electrode receiving no data signal, and a voltage applied to the non-selected scanning electrode.
摘要翻译：光调制装置具有矩阵电极装置，其包括与扫描电极相对的扫描电极和信号电极。扫描信号被选择性地周期地施加到扫描电极，并且信息信号与扫描信号同步地选择性地施加到信号电极，以实现相对于扫描信号显示第一稳定状态和第二稳定状态的光调制材料的光调制插入在扫描信号电极和信号电极之间的施加电场。在与施加到所选择的扫描电极的扫描信号同步地将信息信号施加到所选择的信号电极之前或之后，与信息信号不同的辅助信号与扫描信号同步地施加到所选择的信号电极，并且施加到所选择的扫描电极和所选择的信号电极的交叉点的写入电压的幅度是施加到未选择的扫描电极和所选择的信号电极的交点的第一非写入电压的幅度的两倍或更多倍。写入电压和第一非写入电压的幅度分别相对于被施加到不接收数据信号的信号电极的电压和施加到未选择的扫描电极的电压之间的差确定的参考电压来确定。

5. 发明授权

US5886680A Method of driving optical modulation device 失效
标题翻译：光调制装置的驱动方法
公开(公告)号：US5886680A
公开(公告)日：1999-03-23
申请号：US462974
申请日：1995-06-05
申请人： Junichiro Kanbe , Kazuharu Katagiri , Syuzo Kaneko
发明人： Junichiro Kanbe , Kazuharu Katagiri , Syuzo Kaneko
IPC分类号： G09G3/20 , G09G3/34 , G09G3/36
CPC分类号： G09G3/3629 , G03C2001/0471 , G09G2310/0205 , G09G2310/04 , G09G2310/06 , G09G2310/065 , G09G2320/0209 , G09G3/2014 , G09G3/2018 , Y10S359/90
摘要： A liquid crystal apparatus comprises a liquid crystal device comprising a group of scanning electrodes and a group of signal electrodes intersecting each other to form an electrode matrix, and a chiral smectic liquid crystal disposed in a non-helical alignment state so as to form a picture element at each intersection of the scanning electrodes and the signal electrodes. Drive means are provided for: (a) applying a scanning selection signal and a scanning non-selection signal to the scanning electrodes, the scanning selection signal comprising a voltage of one polarity and a voltage of the other polarity, respectively with reference to a voltage level of the scanning nonselection signal, and being applied in a period for selecting one scanning electrode, (b) in a period of applying the voltage of one polarity, applying signals to the signal electrodes for causing one orientation state of the chiral smectic liquid crystal, so as to non-selectively erase the picture elements on a scanning electrode to which the scanning selection signal is applied, and (c) periodically applying the scanning selection signal to the scanning electrodes.
摘要翻译：一种液晶装置，包括一个液晶装置，它包括一组扫描电极和一组彼此相交的信号电极，以形成一个电极矩阵，和一个以非螺旋取向状态设置的手性近晶液晶，以便形成一个图象扫描电极和信号电极的交点处的元件。提供驱动装置，用于：（a）向扫描电极施加扫描选择信号和扫描非选择信号，扫描选择信号分别包括一个极性的电压和另一个极性的电压，参考电压扫描非选择信号的电平，并且在用于选择一个扫描电极的周期中施加，（b）在施加一个极性的电压的周期中，向信号电极施加信号以引起手性近晶液晶的一个取向状态，以便在扫描选择信号被施加的扫描电极上不选择性地擦除图像元素，并且（c）周期地将扫描选择信号施加到扫描电极。

6. 发明授权

US5565884A Method of driving optical modulation device 失效
标题翻译：光调制装置的驱动方法
公开(公告)号：US5565884A
公开(公告)日：1996-10-15
申请号：US465225
申请日：1995-06-05
申请人： Junichiro Kanbe , Kazuharu Katagiri , Syuzo Kaneko
发明人： Junichiro Kanbe , Kazuharu Katagiri , Syuzo Kaneko
IPC分类号： G09G3/20 , G09G3/34 , G09G3/36
CPC分类号： G09G3/3629 , G03C2001/0471 , G09G2310/0205 , G09G2310/04 , G09G2310/06 , G09G2310/065 , G09G2320/0209 , G09G3/2014 , G09G3/2018 , Y10S359/90
摘要： A driving method is provided for driving an optical modulation device. The device has picture elements arranged in the form of a matrix consisting of a plurality of rows and a plurality of columns defined by the intersections of scanning electrodes and signal electrodes, and a liquid crystal having a memory function. The picture elements in each row are selectively supplied with either a voltage for orienting the liquid crystal to one display state, or another voltage for orienting the liquid crystal to another display state. The method comprises the steps of sequentially and repetitively applying a scanning selection signal to the scanning electrodes, the scanning selection signal comprising a former signal of a first voltage and a latter voltage signal of a second voltage different from the first voltage to one of the scanning electrodes to select a particular scanning electrode, and applying data signals to the signal electrodes, each data signal comprising an information signal for selecting a display state of a picture element on the particular scanning electrode. The picture elements on the particular scanning electrode supplied with the former voltage signal are non-selectively erased into an erased state and a picture element on the particular scanning electrode supplied with the latter voltage signal is placed in either the one display state or another display state depending on the information signal.
摘要翻译：提供驱动光调制装置的驱动方法。该装置具有以由扫描电极和信号电极的交点定义的多行和多列构成的矩阵形式的图像元素和具有记忆功能的液晶。每行中的像素选择性地提供用于将液晶定向到一个显示状态的电压或用于将液晶定向到另一显示状态的另一个电压。该方法包括以下步骤：将扫描选择信号顺序地重复地施加到扫描电极，扫描选择信号包括第一电压的前一个信号和与第一电压不同于第一电压的第二电压的后一个电压信号用于选择特定扫描电极的电极，以及向信号电极施加数据信号，每个数据信号包括用于选择特定扫描电极上的像素的显示状态的信息信号。提供有前一个电压信号的特定扫描电极上的像素被非选择性地擦除为擦除状态，并且提供有后一个电压信号的特定扫描电极上的像素被放置在一个显示状态或另一个显示状态取决于信息信号。

7. 发明授权

US5448383A Method of driving ferroelectric liquid crystal optical modulation device 失效
标题翻译：铁电液晶光调制装置的驱动方法
公开(公告)号：US5448383A
公开(公告)日：1995-09-05
申请号：US139162
申请日：1987-12-21
申请人： Junichiro Kanbe , Kazuharu Katagiri , Syuzo Kaneko
发明人： Junichiro Kanbe , Kazuharu Katagiri , Syuzo Kaneko
IPC分类号： G09G3/20 , G09G3/34 , G09G3/36 , G02F1/1343 , G02F1/13
CPC分类号： G09G3/3629 , G03C2001/0471 , G09G2310/0205 , G09G2310/04 , G09G2310/06 , G09G2310/065 , G09G2320/0209 , G09G3/2014 , G09G3/2018 , Y10S359/90
摘要： A driving method for an optical modulation device is applicable to driving of an optical modulation device, e.g. a liquid crystal device having a matrix electrode arrangement comprising a group of scanning electrodes, a group of signal electrodes oppositely spaced from the group of scanning electrodes, and an optical modulation material (e.g. a liquid crystal) showing bistability with respect to an electric filed applied thereto disposed between the groups of scanning electrodes and signal electrodes. The driving method is featured by applying a voltage allowing the liquid crystal having bistability to be oriented to a first stable state (one optically stable state) between a selected scanning electrode of the group of scanning electrodes and a selected signal electrode of the group of signal electrodes, and by applying a voltage allowing the liquid crystal having bistability to be oriented to a second stable state (the other optically stable state) between the selected scanning electrodes and non-selected signal electrodes; or by applying a voltage allowing the optical modulation material having bistabity to be oriented to a first stable state between a selected scanning electrode and the group of signal electrodes, applying a voltage allowing the liquid crystal oriented to the first stable state to be oriented to a second stable state between the selected scanning electrode and a selected signal electrode, and applying a voltage set to a value between a threshold voltage -V.sub.th2 (for the second stable state) and a threshold voltage V.sub.th1 (for the first stable state) between non-selected scanning electrodes and the group of signal electrodes.
摘要翻译：光调制装置的驱动方法适用于光调制装置的驱动，例如，具有矩阵电极装置的液晶装置，该矩阵电极装置包括一组扫描电极，与该组扫描电极相对的一组信号电极以及显示相对于电场的双稳态的光调制材料（例如液晶）设置在扫描电极组和信号电极之间。该驱动方法的特征在于，通过施加电压，使具有双稳态的液晶取向为扫描电极组的选定的扫描电极和信号组的选定的信号电极之间的第一稳定状态（一个光学稳定状态）并且通过施加允许具有双稳态的液晶被定向到所选择的扫描电极和未选择的信号电极之间的第二稳定状态（另一个光学稳定状态）的电压; 或者通过施加允许具有双稳态的光调制材料在选定的扫描电极和信号电极组之间的第一稳定状态的电压，施加允许朝向第一稳定状态的液晶的电压被定向到在所选择的扫描电极和所选择的信号电极之间的第二稳定状态，并且将设置为阈值电压-Vth2（用于第二稳定状态）和阈值电压Vth1之间（用于第一稳定状态的阈值）选择的扫描电极和信号电极组。

8. 发明授权

US5812108A Method of driving optical modulation device 失效
标题翻译：光调制装置的驱动方法
公开(公告)号：US5812108A
公开(公告)日：1998-09-22
申请号：US440321
申请日：1995-05-12
申请人： Junichiro Kanbe , Kazuharu Katagiri , Syuzo Kaneko
发明人： Junichiro Kanbe , Kazuharu Katagiri , Syuzo Kaneko
IPC分类号： G09G3/20 , G09G3/34 , G09G3/36
CPC分类号： G09G3/3629 , G03C2001/0471 , G09G2310/0205 , G09G2310/04 , G09G2310/06 , G09G2310/065 , G09G2320/0209 , G09G3/2014 , G09G3/2018 , Y10S359/90
摘要： A driving method for an optical modulation device is applicable to driving of an optical modulation device, e.g. a liquid crystal device having a matrix electrode arrangement comprising a group of scanning electrodes, a group of signal electrodes oppositely spaced from the group of scanning electrodes, and an optical modulation material (e.g. a liquid crystal) showing bistability with respect to an electric filed applied thereto disposed between the groups of scanning electrodes and signal electrodes. The driving method is featured by applying a voltage allowing the liquid crystal having bistability to be oriented to a first stable state (one optically stable state) between a selected scanning electrode of the group of scanning electrodes and a selected signal electrode of the group of signal electrodes, and by applying a voltage allowing the liquid crystal having bistability to be oriented to a second stable state (the other optically stable state) between the selected scanning electrodes and non-selected signal electrodes.
摘要翻译：光调制装置的驱动方法适用于光调制装置的驱动，例如，具有矩阵电极装置的液晶装置，该矩阵电极装置包括一组扫描电极，与该组扫描电极相对的一组信号电极以及显示相对于电场的双稳态的光调制材料（例如液晶）设置在扫描电极组和信号电极之间。该驱动方法的特征在于，通过施加电压，使具有双稳态的液晶取向为扫描电极组的选定的扫描电极和信号组的选定的信号电极之间的第一稳定状态（一个光学稳定状态）电极，并且通过施加允许具有双稳态的液晶的电压被定向到所选择的扫描电极和未选择的信号电极之间的第二稳定状态（另一光学稳定状态）。

9. 发明授权

US5790449A Method of driving optical modulation device 失效
标题翻译：光调制装置的驱动方法
公开(公告)号：US5790449A
公开(公告)日：1998-08-04
申请号：US462978
申请日：1995-06-05
申请人： Junichiro Kanbe , Kazuharu Katagiri , Syuzo Kaneko
发明人： Junichiro Kanbe , Kazuharu Katagiri , Syuzo Kaneko
IPC分类号： G09G3/20 , G09G3/34 , G09G3/36
CPC分类号： G09G3/3629 , G03C2001/0471 , G09G2310/0205 , G09G2310/04 , G09G2310/06 , G09G2310/065 , G09G2320/0209 , G09G3/2014 , G09G3/2018 , Y10S359/90
摘要： A liquid crystal apparatus includes a liquid crystal device having a group of scanning electrodes and a group of signal electrodes intersecting each other to form an electrode matrix, and a chiral smectic liquid crystal having a threshold voltage varying depending on a voltage pulse width disposed so as to form a picture element at each intersection of the scanning electrodes and the signal electrodes. The electrodes are driven by (a) applying a scanning selection signal and a scanning non-selection signal to the scanning electrodes, (b) applying data signals to the signal electrodes so as to apply a voltage to a selected picture element at an intersection of a selected scanning electrode receiving the scanning selection signal and a selected signal electrode, the voltage applied to the selected picture element being at least two times a voltage applied to a non-selected picture element at an intersection of a non-selected scanning electrode receiving the scanning non-selection signal and a selected or non-selected signal electrode, (c) periodically applying the scanning selection signal to the scanning electrodes, and (d) setting a voltage level of the voltage according to a local environmental temperature.
摘要翻译：一种液晶装置，包括具有一组扫描电极和一组信号电极彼此交叉以形成电极矩阵的液晶装置，以及具有根据电压脉冲宽度而变化的阈值电压的手性近晶液晶，其设置为以在扫描电极和信号电极的每个交叉处形成像素。通过（a）向扫描电极施加扫描选择信号和扫描非选择信号来驱动电极，（b）将数据信号施加到信号电极，以将电压施加到所选择的图像元素的交点处接收扫描选择信号的选择的扫描电极和所选择的信号电极，施加到所选择的像素的电压至少是施加到未被选择的图像元素的电压的两倍，扫描非选择信号和选择的或未选择的信号电极，（c）周期性地向扫描电极施加扫描选择信号，以及（d）根据当地环境温度设定电压的电压电平。

10. 发明授权

US5696525A Method of driving optical modulation device 失效
标题翻译：光调制装置的驱动方法
公开(公告)号：US5696525A
公开(公告)日：1997-12-09
申请号：US465058
申请日：1995-06-05
申请人： Junichiro Kanbe , Kazuharu Katagiri , Syuzo Kaneko
发明人： Junichiro Kanbe , Kazuharu Katagiri , Syuzo Kaneko
IPC分类号： G09G3/20 , G09G3/34 , G09G3/36
CPC分类号： G09G3/3629 , G03C2001/0471 , G09G2310/0205 , G09G2310/04 , G09G2310/06 , G09G2310/065 , G09G2320/0209 , G09G3/2014 , G09G3/2018 , Y10S359/90
摘要： A liquid crystal apparatus comprises a liquid crystal device comprising a group of scanning electrodes and a group of signal electrodes intersecting each other to form an electrode matrix, and a chiral smectic liquid crystal disposed so as to form a picture element at each intersection of the scanning electrodes and the signal electrodes. Drive means is also provided for: (a) applying a scanning selection signal and a scanning non-selection signal to the scanning electrodes, the scanning selection signed comprising a voltage of one polarity and and a voltage of the other polarity, respectively with reference to a voltage level of the scanning non-selection signal, and being sequentially applied to the respective scanning electrodes; (b) in a period of applying the one or the other polarity, applying signals including a first signal and a second signal to the signal electrodes for causing the one or another orientation state of the chiral smectic liquid crystal; (c) applying to picture elements a DC bias voltage equal to a voltage difference between the voltage level of the scanning non-selection signal and a voltage applied to a signal electrode not receiving the data signal; and (d) periodically applying the scanning selection signal to the scanning electrodes.
摘要翻译：一种液晶装置，包括一个液晶装置，它包括一组扫描电极和一组彼此相交的信号电极，以形成一个电极矩阵;以及一个手性近晶液晶，其设置成在扫描的每个交点处形成一个像素电极和信号电极。还提供驱动装置，用于：（a）向扫描电极施加扫描选择信号和扫描非选择信号，分别包括一个极性的电压和另一个极性的电压的扫描选择参考扫描非选择信号的电压电平，并依次施加到各个扫描电极; （b）在施加一个或另一个极性的时段中，将包括第一信号和第二信号的信号施加到信号电极，以引起手性近晶液晶的一个或另一取向状态; （c）向像素施加等于扫描非选择信号的电压电平与施加到未接收数据信号的信号电极的电压之间的电压差的DC偏置电压; 和（d）周期地将扫描选择信号施加到扫描电极。

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