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    • 5. 发明授权
    • Process for improving the lightfastness of conventionally dyed leather
    • 提高常规染色皮革耐光性的方法
    • US4318705A
    • 1982-03-09
    • US73172
    • 1979-09-06
    • Rudolf NowakKurt DahmenDolf Stockhausen
    • Rudolf NowakKurt DahmenDolf Stockhausen
    • C14C9/00D06P3/32
    • C14C9/00
    • The invention relates to a process for improving the lightfastness of conventionally dyed leathers by treating the leathers before, during or after fatting with alkane and/or chloroalkane sulfonamides in amounts of about 0.1 to 8 weight percent, based on the shaved weight of the leather. Used as alkane sulfonamides and chloroalkane sulfonamides are preferably products with a chain length of about 10 to 35 carbon atoms and a chlorine content of about 10 to 40%. The alkane and/or chloroalkane sulfonamides are advantageously used in aqueous solution or in stable emulsion. A substantial improvement in lightfastness is obtained regardless of the type of the dye, tanning agent, fatting agent or other leather treating agent used.
    • 本发明涉及一种通过在用烷基和/或氯烷磺酰胺进行脂肪化之前,期间或之后,以皮革剃须重量为约0.1至8重量%的量处理皮革来提高常规染色皮革的耐光性的方法。 用作烷烃磺酰胺和氯烷磺酰胺优选具有约10至35个碳原子链长和约10至40%氯含量的产物。 烷烃和/或氯代烷烃磺酰胺有利地用于水溶液或稳定的乳液中。 无论染料,鞣剂,肥料剂或其他所用皮革处理剂的种类如何,都可获得耐光性的显着提高。
    • 7. 发明授权
    • Rear structure of a unitized motor vehicle body and method for it manufacture
    • 一体化机动车体的后部结构及其制造方法
    • US06196622B1
    • 2001-03-06
    • US09392649
    • 1999-09-09
    • Martin BrodtRudolf NowakJoerg Zimmerman
    • Martin BrodtRudolf NowakJoerg Zimmerman
    • B62D2508
    • B62D25/087
    • A rear structure of a unitized motor vehicle body with two side wall sections includes a transverse wall located below a rear window cutout. The transverse wall connects the sidewall sections with one another, and has two cross members spaced apart from one another, between which a flat part extends. The first cross member, adjacent to the rear window cutout, is fitted with zero play between the side wall sections and a bearing is provided for the second cross member on each side. The bearing ensures an adjustability of the second cross member between the side wall sections at least in the transverse direction of the vehicle. The flat part is a trim member connected exclusively with the two cross members.
    • 具有两个侧壁部分的组合式机动车体的后部结构包括位于后窗口切口下方的横向壁。 横向壁将侧壁部分彼此连接,并且具有彼此间隔开的两个横向构件,平坦部分之间延伸。 与后窗切口相邻的第一横向构件在侧壁部之间配有零位,并且在每侧设置用于第二横向构件的轴承。 轴承确保至少在车辆的横向方向上的侧壁部分之间的第二横向构件的可调节性。 扁平部分是与两个横向构件专门连接的装饰构件。
    • 9. 发明授权
    • Chemical process for producing alkali and alkaline earth metals
    • 用于生产碱金属和碱土金属的化学工艺
    • US4533387A
    • 1985-08-06
    • US531402
    • 1983-09-12
    • Gerhard HollandRudolf Nowak
    • Gerhard HollandRudolf Nowak
    • C22B5/04C22B5/16C22B26/00C22B26/10C22B26/20
    • C22B26/00C22B26/10C22B26/20C22B5/04C22B5/16Y02P10/214Y02P10/226Y02P10/234
    • Halides of alkali and alkaline earth metals ("metals") are reduced with gallium, indium or thallium ("reducing metals") at temperatures below their boiling points at vapor pressures at which the gaseous monohalides of the reducing metals are formed. The quantity of the reducing metals is chosen such that it is sufficient both for the reduction of the metal halides and for the simultaneous solution of the metals formed, e.g.:MgCl.sub.2 (s)+2Ga(l)=Mg(l)+2GaCl(g); 900.degree. K., 0.02 torr.The metal is distilled off from the melt formed and is condensed the metal-free reducing metal is recycled for the reduction of the metal halide.The reducing metal is recovered from the monohalide for re-utilization in the halide reduction; this is effected by reduction of its oxide which is formed either by oxidation of the monohalide, or by oxidation of the trihalide resulting in the disproportionation of the monohalide in addition to elemental reducing metal.The continuous process design, the loss-free recycling of the reducing metal, the utilization of the heat of exothermal processes, and a minimum consumption of electric power permit a high profitability of producing alkali and alkaline earth metals according to the invention.
    • 在形成还原性金属的一卤化物的蒸气压下,在低于沸点的温度下,碱金属和碱土金属(“金属”)的卤化物与镓,铟或铊(“还原金属”)一起被还原。 选择还原金属的量使得金属卤化物的还原和金属卤化物的同时溶解是足够的,例如:MgCl 2(s)+ 2Ga(1)=&上和M(1)+ 2GaCl (G); 900°K,0.02托。 将金属从形成的熔体中蒸馏除去,并将不含金属的还原金属冷凝,再循环以还原金属卤化物。 还原金属从一卤化物中回收,用于在卤化物还原中再利用; 这是通过一氧化碳的氧化还原形成的氧化还原,或通过氧化三卤化物,除了元素还原金属以外还导致一卤化物的歧化。 连续工艺设计,还原金属的无损再循环,放热过程的热利用以及最小的电力消耗允许根据本发明生产碱金属和碱土金属的高利润率。