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1. 发明授权

US06320917B1 Demodulating digital video broadcast signals 失效
标题翻译：解调数字视频广播信号
公开(公告)号：US06320917B1
公开(公告)日：2001-11-20
申请号：US09071456
申请日：1998-05-01
申请人： Jonathan Highton Stott , Justin David Mitchell , Christopher Keith Perry Clarke , Adrian Paul Robinson , Oliver Paul Haffenden , Philippe Sadot , Regis Lauret , Jean-Marc Guyot
发明人： Jonathan Highton Stott , Justin David Mitchell , Christopher Keith Perry Clarke , Adrian Paul Robinson , Oliver Paul Haffenden , Philippe Sadot , Regis Lauret , Jean-Marc Guyot
IPC分类号： H04L2706
CPC分类号： H04N21/4263 , H04L27/2607 , H04L27/2659 , H04L27/266 , H04L27/2662 , H04L27/2675 , H04N5/455 , H04N21/2383 , H04N21/4382 , H04N21/6112
摘要： Apparatus for demodulating digital video broadcast signals with an improved automatic frequency control comprises data modulated on a multiplicity of spaced carrier frequencies, including: analog to digital conversion device for providing a series of digital samples of the broadcast signal, Fourier Transform for analysing the samples to provide a series of data signal values for each carrier frequency signal processing devices for processing the series of data signal values including the phase-error-correcting, and automatic frequency control device for controlling the frequency of the signals input to the Fourier Transform Processor, wherein the automatic frequency control device includes coarse frequency control unit for controlling the frequency in terms of increments of the carrier spacing frequency, and fine frequency control unit for controlling the frequency for values less than a single carrier spacing frequency interval, wherein the coarse frequency unit includes recursive of filtering for assessing a predetermined number (N) of carrier signals on either side of the nominal position of a predetermined continual pilot signal, wherein the outputs of the filter are provided to respective memory locations of a memory, the memory being divided into a plurality of sections, first device for determining within each section a first signal best representing the continual pilot signal, and device means for determining from among the first signals from the plurality of sections, a second signal which best represents the continual pilot signal.
摘要翻译：用于用改进的自动频率控制解调数字视频广播信号的装置包括在多个间隔的载波频率上调制的数据，包括：用于提供广播信号的一系列数字样本的模数转换装置，用于分析样本的傅里叶变换为每个载波频率信号处理装置提供一系列数据信号值，用于处理包括用于控制输入到傅立叶变换处理器的信号的频率的相位误差校正和自动频率控制装置的一系列数据信号值，其中自动频率控制装置包括用于以载波间隔频率的增量来控制频率的粗略频率控制单元和用于对小于单载波间隔频率间隔的值控制频率的精细频率控制单元，其中粗略频率单元包括递归的用于评估在预定连续导频信号的标称位置的任一侧上的预定数量（N）个载波信号的滤波器，其中所述滤波器的输出被提供给存储器的相应存储器位置，所述存储器被分成多个第一装置，用于在每个部分内确定最佳表示连续导频信号的第一信号;以及装置装置，用于从多个部分中的第一信号中确定最佳表示连续导频信号的第二信号。

2. 发明授权

US06137847A Demodulating digital video broadcast signals 失效
标题翻译：解调数字视频广播信号
公开(公告)号：US06137847A
公开(公告)日：2000-10-24
申请号：US71585
申请日：1998-05-01
申请人： Jonathan Highton Stott , Justin David Mitchell , Christopher Keith Perry Clarke , Adrian Paul Robinson , Oliver Paul Haffenden , Philippe Sadot , Lauret Regis , Jean-Marc Guyot
发明人： Jonathan Highton Stott , Justin David Mitchell , Christopher Keith Perry Clarke , Adrian Paul Robinson , Oliver Paul Haffenden , Philippe Sadot , Lauret Regis , Jean-Marc Guyot
IPC分类号： H04L1/00 , H04L25/03 , H04L27/00 , H04L27/26 , H04N5/455 , H04N21/2383 , H04N21/426 , H04N21/438 , H04N21/61 , H04L27/06
CPC分类号： H04L1/0071 , H04L1/004 , H04L25/03025 , H04L27/2657 , H04L27/2663 , H04L27/2665 , H04L27/2678 , H04N21/2383 , H04N21/4263 , H04N21/4382 , H04N21/6112 , H04N5/455 , H04L2027/0028 , H04L2027/0087 , H04L27/2607
摘要： A demodulator suitable for implementation in a single chip for demodulating digital video broadcast signals including data modulated on a multiplicity of spaced carrier frequencies, wherein an input broadcast signal is converted to a frequency sufficiently low to enable analog digital conversion of the signal. The demodulator includes an analog to digital converter for converting the broadcast signal to a series of digital samples; a real to complex converter for converting each digital sample to a complex number value; Fourier transformer for analyzing the complex number values to provide a series of data symbol values for each carrier frequency; a signal processor for receiving the data symbol values and providing an output for decoding; and a timing synchronizer for synchronizing the Fourier transformer with the symbol periods of the broadcast signal. The synchronizer includes a correlation for receiving the data sample values and including a delay having a time period delay equal to the active symbol period, and a multiplier for receiving the data symbol values and a version thereof delayed by the delay, to form a complex product signal, and a filter for filtering the complex product signal. The timing synchronizer includes a coarse synchronizer employing a subset of the data sample values for providing a course timing synchronization, and a fine synchronizer for providing a fine synchronization within a time period determined by the coarse synchronization.
摘要翻译：一种适于在单个芯片中实现的用于解调数字视频广播信号的解调器，包括在多个间隔的载波频率上调制的数据，其中输入广播信号被转换为足够低的频率，以实现信号的模拟数字转换。解调器包括用于将广播信号转换成一系列数字样本的模数转换器; 用于将每个数字样本转换成复数值的真实到复杂的转换器; 傅里叶变换器，用于分析复数值，为每个载波频率提供一系列数据符号值; 信号处理器，用于接收数据符号值并提供用于解码的输出; 以及用于使傅立叶变换器与广播信号的符号周期同步的定时同步器。同步器包括用于接收数据样本值并包括具有等于有效符号周期的时间间隔延迟的相关性，以及用于接收延迟延迟的数据符号值和版本的乘法器，以形成复数乘积信号，以及用于过滤复杂产品信号的滤波器。定时同步器包括采用用于提供路线定时同步的数据样本值的子集的粗略同步器，以及用于在由粗略同步确定的时间周期内提供精细同步的精细同步器。

3. 发明授权

US06628730B1 Demodulating digital video broadcast signals 有权
标题翻译：解调数字视频广播信号
公开(公告)号：US06628730B1
公开(公告)日：2003-09-30
申请号：US09761306
申请日：2001-01-16
申请人： Jonathan Highton Stott , Justin David Mitchell , Christopher Keith Perry Clarke , Adrian Paul Robinson , Oliver Paul Haffenden , Philippe Sadot , Lauret Regis , Jean-Marc Guyot
发明人： Jonathan Highton Stott , Justin David Mitchell , Christopher Keith Perry Clarke , Adrian Paul Robinson , Oliver Paul Haffenden , Philippe Sadot , Lauret Regis , Jean-Marc Guyot
IPC分类号： H04L2706
CPC分类号： H04L1/0071 , H04L1/004 , H04L1/0042 , H04L1/0047 , H04L25/03025 , H04L27/2605 , H04L27/2607 , H04L27/2657 , H04L27/2663 , H04L27/2665 , H04L27/2676 , H04L2027/0028 , H04L2027/0087 , H04N5/455 , H04N21/2383 , H04N21/4263 , H04N21/4382 , H04N21/6112
摘要： An apparatus for demodulating digital video broadcast signals comprising data modulated on a plurality of spaced carrier frequencies, comprising a transform circuit and a timing synchronization circuit. The transform circuit may be configured to analyze digital sample values. The timing synchronization circuit may be configured to synchronize the transform circuit with symbol periods of the broadcast signal. The timing synchronization circuit may be further configured to operate in (i) a first mode for analyzing the digital sample values over a relatively wide timing range to establish synchronization and (ii) a second mode for analyzing the digital sample values over a relatively narrow range about a synchronization point.
摘要翻译：一种用于解调数字视频广播信号的装置，包括在多个间隔的载波频率上调制的数据，包括变换电路和定时同步电路。变换电路可以被配置为分析数字采样值。定时同步电路可以被配置为使变换电路与广播信号的符号周期同步。定时同步电路还可以被配置为在（i）用于在相对较宽的定时范围内分析数字采样值以建立同步的第一模式，以及（ii）用于在较窄范围内分析数字采样值的第二模式关于同步点。

4. 发明授权

US06205188B1 Demodulating digital video broadcast signals 失效
标题翻译：解调数字视频广播信号
公开(公告)号：US06205188B1
公开(公告)日：2001-03-20
申请号：US09071573
申请日：1998-05-01
申请人： Jonathan Highton Stott , Justin David Mitchell , Christopher Keith Perry Clarke , Adrian Paul Robinson , Oliver Paul Haffenden , Philippe Sadot , Lauret Regis , Jean-Marc Guyot
发明人： Jonathan Highton Stott , Justin David Mitchell , Christopher Keith Perry Clarke , Adrian Paul Robinson , Oliver Paul Haffenden , Philippe Sadot , Lauret Regis , Jean-Marc Guyot
IPC分类号： H04L2706
CPC分类号： H04L1/0071 , H04L1/004 , H04L1/0042 , H04L1/0047 , H04L25/03025 , H04L27/2605 , H04L27/2607 , H04L27/2657 , H04L27/2663 , H04L27/2665 , H04L27/2676 , H04L2027/0028 , H04L2027/0087 , H04N5/455 , H04N21/2383 , H04N21/4263 , H04N21/4382 , H04N21/6112
摘要： A demodulator suitable for implementation in a single chip for demodulating digital video broadcast signals including data modulated on a multiplicity of spaced carrier frequencies, wherein an input broadcast signal is converted to a frequency sufficiently low to enable analog to digital conversion of the signal, converter for converting the broadcast signal to a series of digital samples in complex format, transformer for analyzing the digital sample values to provide a series of data symbol values for each carrier frequency and signal processor including channel equalizer for receiving the signal values and providing an output for decoding, automatic frequency controller for controlling the frequencies of the digital sampling signals applied to the transformer, and timing synchronizer for synchronizing the transformer with the symbol periods of the broadcast signal, including correlator for receiving the digital signal values and including a delay having a time period equal to the active symbol period, and a multiplier for receiving the digital signal values and a version thereof delayed by the delay, to form a complex product signal, and a processor for processing the complex product signal to derive timing synchronization pulses, wherein the timing synchronizer is operable in an initial hunt mode for analyzing the digital sample values over a relatively wide timing range to establish synchronization, and then operable in a zoom mode for analyzing the digital sample values over a relatively narrow range about the synchronization point.
摘要翻译：一种适于在单个芯片中实现的解调器，用于解调包括在多个间隔载波频率上调制的数据的数字视频广播信号，其中输入广播信号被转换为足够低的频率，以实现信号的模数转换，转换器用于将广播信号转换为复杂格式的一系列数字样本，用于分析数字采样值的变压器，为每个载波频率和信号处理器提供一系列数据符号值，包括用于接收信号值的信道均衡器，并提供用于解码的输出，用于控制施加到变压器的数字采样信号的频率的自动频率控制器和用于使变压器与广播信号的符号周期同步的定时同步器，包括用于接收数字信号值的相关器，并且包括具有时间段等于交流以及用于接收所述数字信号值的乘法器和延迟延迟的版本，以形成复合乘积信号;以及处理器，用于处理所述复乘信号以导出定时同步脉冲，其中所述定时同步器可操作在初始寻线模式中，用于在相对较宽的定时范围内分析数字样本值以建立同步，然后在缩放模式下操作，以便在关于同步点的相对较窄的范围内分析数字采样值。

5. 发明授权

US6130922A Demodulating digital video broadcast signals 失效
标题翻译：解调数字视频广播信号
公开(公告)号：US6130922A
公开(公告)日：2000-10-10
申请号：US71588
申请日：1998-05-01
申请人： Jonathan Highton Stott , Justin David Mitchell , Christopher Keith Perry Clarke , Adrian Paul Robinson , Oliver Paul Haffenden , Philippe Sadot , Lauret Regis , Jean-Marc Guyot
发明人： Jonathan Highton Stott , Justin David Mitchell , Christopher Keith Perry Clarke , Adrian Paul Robinson , Oliver Paul Haffenden , Philippe Sadot , Lauret Regis , Jean-Marc Guyot
IPC分类号： H04L27/06
CPC分类号： H04L27/2659 , H04L27/2675
摘要： Apparatus for demodulating digital video broadcast signals with an improved mechanism for automatic frequency control including data modulated on a multiplicity of spaced carrier frequencies. The apparatus includes an analog to digital converter for providing a series of digital samples of the broadcast signal, a Fourier Transformer for analyzing the samples to provide a series of data signal values for each carrier frequency, signal processor for processing the series of data signal values including the phase-error-correcter, and automatic frequency controller for controlling the frequency of the signals input to the Fourier Transformer. The automatic frequency controller includes coarse frequency controller for controlling the frequency in terms of increments of the carrier spacing frequency, and fine frequency controller for controlling the frequency for values less than a single carrier spacing frequency interval. The coarse frequency controller includes a recursive filter for assessing a predetermined number (N) of carrier signals on either side of the nominal position of a predetermined continual pilot signal, to determine which signal best represents the continual pilot signal, whereby to determine the coarse frequency error.
摘要翻译：用于利用改进的自动频率控制机制解调数字视频广播信号的装置，包括在多个间隔载波频率上调制的数据。该装置包括用于提供广播信号的一系列数字样本的模数转换器，用于分析样本以提供每个载波频率的一系列数据信号值的傅里叶变换器，用于处理一系列数据信号值的信号处理器包括用于控制输入到傅里叶变换器的信号的频率的相位误差校正器和自动频率控制器。自动频率控制器包括用于以载波间隔频率的增量来控制频率的粗频率控制器，以及用于对小于单载波间隔频率间隔的值控制频率的精细频率控制器。粗频率控制器包括用于评估预定连续导频信号的标称位置的任一侧上的预定数量（N）个载波信号的递归滤波器，以确定哪个信号最好表示连续导频信号，从而确定粗频率错误。

6. 发明授权

US06240146B1 Demodulating digital video broadcast signals 失效
标题翻译：解调数字视频广播信号
公开(公告)号：US06240146B1
公开(公告)日：2001-05-29
申请号：US09071575
申请日：1998-05-01
申请人： Jonathan Highton Stott , Justin David Mitchell , Christopher Keith Perry Clarke , Adrian Paul Robinson , Oliver Paul Haffenden , Philippe Sadot , Lauret Regis , Jean-Marc Guyot
发明人： Jonathan Highton Stott , Justin David Mitchell , Christopher Keith Perry Clarke , Adrian Paul Robinson , Oliver Paul Haffenden , Philippe Sadot , Lauret Regis , Jean-Marc Guyot
IPC分类号： H04L2706
CPC分类号： H04L1/0071 , H04L1/004 , H04L25/03025 , H04L27/2607 , H04L27/2659 , H04L27/266 , H04L27/2662 , H04L27/2675 , H04L27/2679 , H04L2025/03414 , H04L2027/0028 , H04L2027/0087 , H04N5/455 , H04N21/2383 , H04N21/4263 , H04N21/4382 , H04N21/6112
摘要： An apparatus for demodulating a digital video broadcast signal comprising data modulated on a multiplicity of spaced carrier frequencies. A transform device may analyze the digital broadcast signal to provide a series of symbol values for each of the multiplicity of carrier frequencies. An automatic frequency control device may control the frequency of the series of symbol values in dependence on a common phase error signal from the series of symbol values. First and second common phase error correction (CPE) devices may receive common phase error signals, for correcting the signal values from the transform device. A channel equalization device may compensate for communication channel impairments for receiving directly the phase error corrected signals from the first CPE device.
摘要翻译：一种用于解调数字视频广播信号的装置，包括在多个间隔载波频率上调制的数据。变换设备可以分析数字广播信号以为多个载波频率中的每一个提供一系列符号值。自动频率控制装置可以根据来自一系列符号值的公共相位误差信号来控制一系列符号值的频率。第一和第二公共相位误差校正（CPE）装置可以接收公共相位误差信号，用于校正来自变换装置的信号值。信道均衡设备可以补偿用于从第一CPE设备直接接收相位误差校正信号的通信信道损伤。

7. 发明授权

US06320627B1 Demodulating digital video broadcast signals 失效
标题翻译：解调数字视频广播信号
公开(公告)号：US06320627B1
公开(公告)日：2001-11-20
申请号：US09071605
申请日：1998-05-01
申请人： Jonathan Highton Scott , Justin David Mitchell , Christopher Keith Perry Clarke , Adrian Paul Robinson , Oliver Paul Haffenden , Philippe Sadot , Regis Lauret , Jean-Marc Guyot
发明人： Jonathan Highton Scott , Justin David Mitchell , Christopher Keith Perry Clarke , Adrian Paul Robinson , Oliver Paul Haffenden , Philippe Sadot , Regis Lauret , Jean-Marc Guyot
IPC分类号： H04N5455
CPC分类号： H04L1/0071 , H04L1/004 , H04L1/0042 , H04L1/0047 , H04L25/03025 , H04L27/2605 , H04L27/2607 , H04L27/2657 , H04L27/2663 , H04L27/2665 , H04L27/2676 , H04L2027/0028 , H04L2027/0087 , H04N5/455 , H04N21/2383 , H04N21/4263 , H04N21/4382 , H04N21/6112
摘要： A demodulator suitable for implementation in a single chip for demodulating digital video broadcast signals comprising data modulated on a multiplicity of spaced carrier frequencies, wherein an input broadcast signal is converted to a frequency sufficiently low to enable analog digital conversion of the signal, the demodulator comprising analog to digital conversion means (20) for converting the broadcast signal to a series of digital samples, real to complex conversion means (22) for converting each digital sample to a complex number value, Fourier transform means (24) for analyzing the complex number values to provide a series of signal values for each carrier frequency, frequency control means (9, 38), comprising means responsive to the output of said Fourier Transform means for producing a signal for controlling the frequency of the signal formed by said complex number values, and signal processing means for receiving the signal values and providing an output for decoding, the signal processing means including channel equalization means (32) and channel state information generating means (34).
摘要翻译：一种适于在单个芯片中实现的用于解调数字视频广播信号的解调器，包括在多个间隔的载波频率上调制的数据，其中输入广播信号被转换为足够低的频率，以实现信号的模拟数字转换，解调器包括用于将广播信号转换成一系列数字样本的模数转换装置（20），用于将每个数字样本转换为复数值的实数到复数转换装置（22），用于分析复数的傅立叶变换装置（24）值，以为每个载波频率提供一系列信号值，频率控制装置（9,38），包括响应于所述傅里叶变换装置的输出的装置，用于产生用于控制由所述复数值形成的信号的频率的信号以及用于接收信号值并提供用于解码的输出的信号处理装置包括信道均衡装置（32）和信道状态信息生成装置（34）的处理装置。

8. 发明授权

US4003020A Digital signal transmission 失效
标题翻译：数字信号传输
公开(公告)号：US4003020A
公开(公告)日：1977-01-11
申请号：US592021
申请日：1975-06-30
申请人： Christopher Keith Perry Clarke
发明人： Christopher Keith Perry Clarke
IPC分类号： H04L1/00 , G06F11/10
CPC分类号： H04L1/0045
摘要： Digital words are transmitted together with associated parity or checking digits. The parity bits are each related to a group of bits of the same significance from several different words. At a receiving station, a parity bit is generated for the same group from the incoming words and compared with the corresponding received parity bit. When the generated and received parity bits differ, a value is estimated for each word containing a bit from the respective group, and the estimated and received values for the word are compared to detect any word containing an erroneous bit, which bit is then corrected.This invention relates to the transmission of digital signals.In digital television systems the video signal is commonly represented by a series of eight-digit binary numbers. If any of the bits are altered by errors, then the effect appears as a brightness error in the picture, the magnitude of which depends on the significance of the affected bit.Extra bits, known as parity bits, can be added to the signal to reduce the effect of errors. Each parity bit may typically describe the modulo-two sum of a group of bits in the signal; the rules of modulo-two addition, for which the symbol + is used, being as follows:0 + 0 = 00 + 1 = 11 + 0 = 11 + 1 = 0An exlcusive-OR gate is a well known circuit which effects modulo-two addition. An odd number of errors in a group is shown by disagreement between the parity digit and the modulo-two sum of the digits, but an even number of errors in a group cannot be detected since the modulo-two sum of the digits is the same as for no errors. For a particular error rate, the probability of more than one error occurring in a group increases with the size of the group, so it is an advantage to keep the number of signal bits protected by one parity bit small.Conventionally, one parity bit is assigned to protect each eight-bit word of the television signal. Then, if an error is indicated, the protected word is discarded in its entirety and replaced by a value which will "conceal" the error. Suitable values for substitution are the average of the two adjacent samples in monochrome signals or the average of samples one or more colour subcarrier period away in colour signals. The accuracy of the values calculated in this way is such that errors in the fifth and less significant bits are generally less noticeable than the errors caused by this "concealment". Therefore it is usual to protect only the four most significant bits of each word with a parity bit.Table 1 shows an array of eight consecutive words, labelled a to h, each made up of eight bits. Digit a.sub.1 is the most significant bit of word a representing 128 levels in the signal, a.sub.2 the next in significance representing 64 levels, and so on down to a.sub.8 which is the least significant digit of word a and represents one level in the signal. TABLE 1 ______________________________________ Significance Words ______________________________________ 128 a.sub.1 b.sub.1 c.sub.1 d.sub.1 e.sub.1 f.sub.1 g.sub.1 h.sub.1 64 a.sub.2 b.sub.2 c.sub.2 d.sub.2 e.sub.2 f.sub.2 g.sub.2 h.sub.2 32 a.sub.3 b.sub.3 c.sub.3 d.sub.3 e.sub.3 f.sub.3 g.sub.3 h.sub.3 16 a.sub.4 b.sub.4 c.sub.4 d.sub.4 e.sub.4 f.sub.4 g.sub.4 h.sub.4 8 a.sub.5 b.sub.5 c.sub.5 d.sub.5 e.sub.5 f.sub.5 g.sub.5 h.sub.5 4 a.sub.6 b.sub.6 c.sub.6 d.sub.6 e.sub.6 f.sub.6 g.sub.6 h.sub.6 2 a.sub.7 b.sub.7 c.sub.7 d.sub.7 e.sub.7 f.sub.7 g.sub.7 h.sub.7 1 a.sub.8 b.sub.8 c.sub.8 d.sub.8 e.sub.8 f.sub.8 g.sub.8 h.sub.8 Parity bits P.sub.a P.sub.b P.sub.c P.sub.d P.sub.e P.sub.f P.sub.g P.sub.h ______________________________________ Associated with the eight words of the signal are eight parity bits P.sub.a to P.sub.h. With the coventional arrangement of one parity bit assigned to the four most significant digits of each word, the parity bits and the signal bits are related by equations of the form:P.sub.a = a.sub.1 + a.sub.2 + a.sub.3 + a.sub.4P.sub.b = b.sub.1 + b.sub.2 + b.sub.3 + b.sub.4..P.sub.h = h.sub.1 + h.sub.2 + h.sub.3 + h.sub.4When a parity digit is found to differ from the modulo-2 sum of the first four digits of the associated word, it is known that one of those four digits is incorrect. However, it is not known which digit is incorrect, and thus the whole word is discarded and replaced by concealment. This means that the concealment provides a relatively poor approximation to the correct signal.According to this invention there are provided a method of and apparatus for generating parity digits for a digital signal which comprises a plurality of words each of which consists of a plurality of bits, in which a group of bits of the same significance are selected from several different words with a predetermined selection law, and the bits of the group are combined with a predetermined combination law to provide a parity bit associated with the selected group.When an error is indicated each word which contains a bit from the suspect group can then be compared with the value for that word estimated from nearby words (in the signal or in the information which the signal represents) and the value which gives the best agreement with the estimate can be chosen for the suspect bit.The invention also provides a method of and apparatus for detecting errors in a received digital signal which comprises a plurality of words each of which consists of a plurality of bits, the signal having parity bits, in which one parity bit is generated for each of a group of bits of the received signal to correspond with the received parity bits, the corresponding generated and received parity bits are compared, and when the generated and received parity bits differ in respect of a group, a value is estimated for each word containing a bit from the respective group, and the estimated and received values are compared to detect any word containing an erroneous bit.In this way errors can be corrected rather than concealed, the error caused by concealment being avoided.
摘要翻译：数字字与相关的奇偶校验或校验数字一起发送。奇偶校验位各自与来自几个不同的单词具有相同重要性的一组位相关。在接收站，对于来自输入字的同一组生成奇偶校验位，并与对应的接收奇偶校验位进行比较。当产生和接收到的奇偶校验位不同时，对于包含来自相应组的位的每个字估计一个值，并将该字的估计和接收值进行比较，以检测包含错误位的任何字，然后校正该位。

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