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1. 发明申请

US20080215848A1 Method and System For Caching Address Translations From Multiple Address Spaces In Virtual Machines 有权
标题翻译：用于从虚拟机中的多个地址空间缓存地址转换的方法和系统
公开(公告)号：US20080215848A1
公开(公告)日：2008-09-04
申请号：US12098766
申请日：2008-04-07
申请人： John Te-Jui Sheu , David S. Bailey , Eric P. Traut , Rene Antonio Vega
发明人： John Te-Jui Sheu , David S. Bailey , Eric P. Traut , Rene Antonio Vega
IPC分类号： G06F12/10
CPC分类号： G06F12/1036 , G06F2212/151 , G06F2212/683
摘要： A method of virtualizing memory through shadow page tables that cache translations from multiple guest address spaces in a virtual machine includes a software version of a hardware tagged translation look-aside buffer. Edits to guest page tables are detected by intercepting the creation of guest-writable mappings to guest page tables with translations cached in shadow page tables. The affected cached translations are marked as stale and purged upon an address space switch or an indiscriminate flush of translations by the guest. Thereby, non-stale translations remain cached but stale translations are discarded. The method includes tracking the guest-writable mappings to guest page tables, deferring discovery of such mappings to a guest page table for the first time until a purge of all cached translations when the number of untracked guest page tables exceeds a threshold, and sharing shadow page tables between shadow address spaces and between virtual processors.
摘要翻译：通过影像页表虚拟化存储器的方法，其缓存来自虚拟机中的多个访客地址空间的转换，包括硬件标记的翻译后备缓冲器的软件版本。通过拦截向客户页面表创建客户机可写映射，并通过缓存在阴影页表中的翻译来检测访客页面表的编辑。受影响的缓存翻译被标记为陈旧，并被清除在地址空间开关或客人不加区别地翻译翻译。因此，非陈旧的翻译仍保持高速缓存，但是陈旧的翻译将被丢弃。该方法包括跟踪访客页面表的访客可写映射，将此类映射的发现推迟到访客页面表，直到当未跟踪的访客页面表的数量超过阈值时清除所有缓存的翻译，并共享阴影阴影地址空间和虚拟处理器之间的页表。

2. 发明授权

US07363463B2 Method and system for caching address translations from multiple address spaces in virtual machines 有权
标题翻译：用于从虚拟机中的多个地址空间缓存地址转换的方法和系统
公开(公告)号：US07363463B2
公开(公告)日：2008-04-22
申请号：US11128982
申请日：2005-05-13
申请人： John Te-Jui Sheu , David S. Bailey , Eric P. Traut , Rene Antonio Vega
发明人： John Te-Jui Sheu , David S. Bailey , Eric P. Traut , Rene Antonio Vega
IPC分类号： G06F12/00
CPC分类号： G06F12/1036 , G06F2212/151 , G06F2212/683
摘要： A method of virtualizing memory through shadow page tables that cache translations from multiple guest address spaces in a virtual machine includes a software version of a hardware tagged translation look-aside buffer. Edits to guest page tables are detected by intercepting the creation of guest-writable mappings to guest page tables with translations cached in shadow page tables. The affected cached translations are marked as stale and purged upon an address space switch or an indiscriminate flush of translations by the guest. Thereby, non-stale translations remain cached but stale translations are discarded. The method includes tracking the guest-writable mappings to guest page tables, deferring discovery of such mappings to a guest page table for the first time until a purge of all cached translations when the number of untracked guest page tables exceeds a threshold, and sharing shadow page tables between shadow address spaces and between virtual processors.
摘要翻译：通过影像页表虚拟化存储器的方法，其缓存来自虚拟机中的多个访客地址空间的转换，包括硬件标记的翻译后备缓冲器的软件版本。通过拦截向客户页面表创建客户机可写映射，并通过缓存在阴影页表中的翻译来检测访客页面表的编辑。受影响的缓存翻译被标记为陈旧，并被清除在地址空间开关或客人不加区别地翻译翻译。因此，非陈旧的翻译仍保持高速缓存，但是陈旧的翻译将被丢弃。该方法包括跟踪访客页面表的访客可写映射，将此类映射的发现推迟到访客页面表，直到当未跟踪的访客页面表的数量超过阈值时清除所有缓存的翻译，并共享阴影阴影地址空间和虚拟处理器之间的页表。

3. 发明授权

US07434003B2 Efficient operating system operation on a hypervisor 有权
标题翻译：管理程序上的高效操作系统操作
公开(公告)号：US07434003B2
公开(公告)日：2008-10-07
申请号：US11274907
申请日：2005-11-15
申请人： Adrian J. Oney , Bryan Mark Willman , Eric P. Traut , Forrest Curtis Foltz , John Te-Jui Sheu , Matthew D. Hendel , Rene Antonio Vega
发明人： Adrian J. Oney , Bryan Mark Willman , Eric P. Traut , Forrest Curtis Foltz , John Te-Jui Sheu , Matthew D. Hendel , Rene Antonio Vega
IPC分类号： G06F12/10
CPC分类号： G06F21/575 , G06F21/53 , G06F21/6245
摘要： An operating system is described that is capable of ascertaining whether it is executing in a virtual machine environment and is further capable of modifying its behavior to operate more efficiently and provide optimal behavior in a virtual machine environment. An operating system is enlightened so that it is aware of VMMs or hypervisors, taking on behavior that is optimal to that environment. The VMM or hypervisor informs the operating system of the optimal behavior, and vice versa.
摘要翻译：描述了能够确定其是否在虚拟机环境中执行并且还能够修改其行为以更有效地操作并在虚拟机环境中提供最佳行为的操作系统。操作系统被启发，以便它知道VMM或虚拟机管理程序，采取对该环境最佳的行为。 VMM或管理程序通知操作系统的最佳行为，反之亦然。

4. 发明授权

US09201673B2 Efficient detection and response to spin waits in multi-processor virtual machines 有权
标题翻译：在多处理器虚拟机中有效的检测和响应自旋等待
公开(公告)号：US09201673B2
公开(公告)日：2015-12-01
申请号：US12182971
申请日：2008-07-30
申请人： Yau Ning Chin , Rene Antonio Vega , John Te-Jui Sheu , Arun Kishan , Thomas Fahrig
发明人： Yau Ning Chin , Rene Antonio Vega , John Te-Jui Sheu , Arun Kishan , Thomas Fahrig
IPC分类号： G06F9/455 , G06F9/52
CPC分类号： G06F9/45558 , G06F9/45533 , G06F9/526 , G06F2009/4557
摘要： Various aspects are disclosed herein for attenuating spin waiting in a virtual machine environment comprising a plurality of virtual machines and virtual processors. Selected virtual processors can be given time slice extensions in order to prevent such virtual processors from becoming de-scheduled (and hence causing other virtual processors to have to spin wait). Selected virtual processors can also be expressly scheduled so that they can be given higher priority to resources, resulting in reduced spin waits for other virtual processors waiting on such selected virtual processors. Finally, various spin wait detection techniques can be incorporated into the time slice extension and express scheduling mechanisms, in order to identify potential and existing spin waiting scenarios.
摘要翻译：本文公开了用于在包括多个虚拟机和虚拟处理器的虚拟机环境中衰减自旋等待的各个方面。选定的虚拟处理器可以被给定时间片扩展，以防止这种虚拟处理器变得不被调度（并且因此导致其他虚拟处理器必须旋转等待）。也可以明确地调度所选择的虚拟处理器，使得它们可以被赋予更高的资源优先级，从而减少等待这些所选择的虚拟处理器的其他虚拟处理器的旋转等待。最后，各种旋转等待检测技术可以被并入到时间片扩展中并且表达调度机制，以便识别潜在的和现有的旋转等待场景。

5. 发明授权

US08694712B2 Reduction of operational costs of virtual TLBs 有权
标题翻译：降低虚拟TLB的运营成本
公开(公告)号：US08694712B2
公开(公告)日：2014-04-08
申请号：US11634538
申请日：2006-12-05
申请人： John Te-Jui Sheu , Matthew D. Hendel , Landy Wang , Ernest S. Cohen , Rene Antonio Vega , Sharvil A. Nanavati
发明人： John Te-Jui Sheu , Matthew D. Hendel , Landy Wang , Ernest S. Cohen , Rene Antonio Vega , Sharvil A. Nanavati
IPC分类号： G06F12/00 , G06F9/455
CPC分类号： G06F12/1036
摘要： Various operations are disclosed for improving the operational efficiency of a virtual translation look-aside buffer (TLB) in a virtual machine environment. For example, operations are disclosed that allow for determination of whether present entries in shadow page tables (SPTs) are stale by comparing shadowed guest page table (GPT) entries against snapshots taken when the entries were cached. Other operations are disclosed that allow a virtual machine monitor (VMM) to access shadow page table trees (SPTTs) by walking trees in software or in hardware. Still other operations are disclosed allowing the VMM to use a hash table to relate GVA ranges to SPTs that map them, thus significantly reducing the cost of having to walk each SPTT in order to invalidate desired GVA(s). And, finally, operations are disclosed allowing the VMM to determine global GVA ranges by checking a bitmap, when invalidating global GVAs.
摘要翻译：公开了用于提高虚拟机环境中的虚拟翻译后备缓冲器（TLB）的操作效率的各种操作。例如，披露了允许通过比较阴影的访客页表（GPT）条目与条目被缓存时拍摄的快照来确定影子页表（SPT）中的现有条目是否过时的操作。公开了允许虚拟机监视器（VMM）通过软件或硬件中的步行树来访问影子页表树（SPTT）的其他操作。还公开了其他操作，允许VMM使用散列表将GVA范围与映射它们的SPT相关联，从而显着降低了必须走每个SPTT以使所需GVA无效的成本。最后，公开了操作，允许VMM通过在使全局GVAs无效时检查位图来确定全局GVA范围。

6. 发明申请

US20100031254A1 Efficient detection and response to spin waits in multi-processor virtual machines 有权
标题翻译：在多处理器虚拟机中有效的检测和响应自旋等待
公开(公告)号：US20100031254A1
公开(公告)日：2010-02-04
申请号：US12182971
申请日：2008-07-30
申请人： Yau Ning Chin , Rene Antonio Vega , John Te-Jui Sheu , Arun Kishan , Thomas Fahrig
发明人： Yau Ning Chin , Rene Antonio Vega , John Te-Jui Sheu , Arun Kishan , Thomas Fahrig
IPC分类号： G06F9/455
CPC分类号： G06F9/45558 , G06F9/45533 , G06F9/526 , G06F2009/4557
摘要： Various aspects are disclosed herein for attenuating spin waiting in a virtual machine environment comprising a plurality of virtual machines and virtual processors. Selected virtual processors can be given time slice extensions in order to prevent such virtual processors from becoming de-scheduled (and hence causing other virtual processors to have to spin wait). Selected virtual processors can also be expressly scheduled so that they can be given higher priority to resources, resulting in reduced spin waits for other virtual processors waiting on such selected virtual processors. Finally, various spin wait detection techniques can be incorporated into the time slice extension and express scheduling mechanisms, in order to identify potential and existing spin waiting scenarios.
摘要翻译：本文公开了用于在包括多个虚拟机和虚拟处理器的虚拟机环境中衰减自旋等待的各个方面。选定的虚拟处理器可以被给定时间片扩展，以防止这种虚拟处理器变得不被调度（并且因此导致其他虚拟处理器必须旋转等待）。也可以明确地调度所选择的虚拟处理器，使得它们可以被赋予更高的资源优先级，从而减少等待这些所选择的虚拟处理器的其他虚拟处理器的旋转等待。最后，各种旋转等待检测技术可以被并入到时间片扩展中并且表达调度机制，以便识别潜在的和现有的旋转等待场景。

7. 发明申请

US20080155168A1 Scalability of virtual TLBs for multi-processor virtual machines 有权
标题翻译：用于多处理器虚拟机的虚拟TLB的可扩展性
公开(公告)号：US20080155168A1
公开(公告)日：2008-06-26
申请号：US11644502
申请日：2006-12-22
申请人： John Te-Jui Sheu , Ernest S. Cohen , Matthew D. Hendel , Landy Wang , Rene Antonio Vega , Sharvil A. Nanavati
发明人： John Te-Jui Sheu , Ernest S. Cohen , Matthew D. Hendel , Landy Wang , Rene Antonio Vega , Sharvil A. Nanavati
IPC分类号： G06F12/10
CPC分类号： G06F12/1027
摘要： Various operations are provided that improve the scalability of virtual TLBs in multi-processor virtual machines, and they include: implicitly locking SPTs using per-processor generation counters; waiting for pending fills on other virtual processors to complete before servicing a GVA invalidation using the counters; write-protecting or unmaping guest pages in a deferred two-stage process or reclaiming SPTs in a deferred two-stage process; periodically coalescing two SPTs that shadow the same GPT with the same attributes; sharing SPTs between two SASes only at a specified level in a SPTT; flushing the entire virtual TLB using a generation counter; allocating a SPT to GPT from a NUMA node on which the GPT resides; having an instance for each NUMA node on which a virtual machine runs; and, correctly handling the serializing instructions executed by a guest in a virtual machine with more than one virtual processor sharing the virtual TLB.
摘要翻译：提供了提高多处理器虚拟机中虚拟TLB可扩展性的各种操作，包括：使用每处理器生成计数器隐式锁定SPT; 在使用计数器服务GVA无效之前等待其他虚拟处理器上的待处理填充; 在延迟的两阶段过程中写入保护或取消映射访客页面或在延迟的两阶段过程中回收SPT; 定期合并两个具有相同属性的相同GPT的SPT; 在SPTT之间仅在指定级别共享两个SAS之间的SPT; 使用生成计数器刷新整个虚拟TLB; 从GPT所在的NUMA节点向GPT分配SPT; 具有运行虚拟机的每个NUMA节点的实例; 并且正确地处理由具有多个共享虚拟TLB的虚拟处理器的虚拟机中的来宾执行的序列化指令。

8. 发明授权

US08615643B2 Operational efficiency of virtual TLBs 有权
公开(公告)号：US08615643B2
公开(公告)日：2013-12-24
申请号：US11634782
申请日：2006-12-05
申请人： Ernest S. Cohen , John Te-Jui Sheu , Landy Wang , Matthew D. Hendel , Rene Antonio Vega , Sharvil A. Nanavati
发明人： Ernest S. Cohen , John Te-Jui Sheu , Landy Wang , Matthew D. Hendel , Rene Antonio Vega , Sharvil A. Nanavati
IPC分类号： G06F12/00
CPC分类号： G06F12/1027 , G06F9/45558 , G06F2009/45583 , G06F2212/651 , G06F2212/654
摘要： Various mechanisms are disclosed for improving the operational efficiency of a virtual translation look-aside buffer (TLB) in a virtual machine environment. For example, one mechanism fills in entries in a shadow page table (SPT) and additionally, speculatively fills in other entries in the SPT based on various heuristics. Another mechanism allows virtual TLBs (translation look-aside buffers) to cache partial walks in a guest page table tree. Still another mechanism allows for dynamic resizing of the virtual TLB to optimize for run-time characteristics of active workloads. Still another mechanism allows virtual machine monitors (VMMs) to support legacy and enlightened modes of virtual TLB operation. Finally, another mechanism allows the VMM to remove only the stale entries in SPTs when linking or switching address spaces. All these mechanisms, together or in part, increase the operational efficiency of the virtual TLB.

9. 发明申请

US20080134174A1 Reduction of operational costs of virtual TLBs 有权
标题翻译：降低虚拟TLB的运营成本
公开(公告)号：US20080134174A1
公开(公告)日：2008-06-05
申请号：US11634538
申请日：2006-12-05
申请人： John Te-Jui Sheu , Matthew D. Hendel , Landy Wang , Ernest S. Cohen , Rene Antonio Vega , Sharvil A. Nanavati
发明人： John Te-Jui Sheu , Matthew D. Hendel , Landy Wang , Ernest S. Cohen , Rene Antonio Vega , Sharvil A. Nanavati
IPC分类号： G06F12/10 , G06F9/46
CPC分类号： G06F12/1036
摘要： Various operations are disclosed for improving the operational efficiency of a virtual translation look-aside buffer (TLB) in a virtual machine environment. For example, operations are disclosed that allow for determination of whether present entries in shadow page tables (SPTs) are stale by comparing shadowed guest page table (GPT) entries against snapshots taken when the entries were cached. Other operations are disclosed that allow a virtual machine monitor (VMM) to access shadow page table trees (SPTTs) by walking trees in software or in hardware. Still other operations are disclosed allowing the VMM to use a hash table to relate GVA ranges to SPTs that map them, thus significantly reducing the cost of having to walk each SPTT in order to invalidate desired GVA(s). And, finally, operations are disclosed allowing the VMM to determine global GVA ranges by checking a bitmap, when invalidating global GVAs.
摘要翻译：公开了用于提高虚拟机环境中的虚拟翻译后备缓冲器（TLB）的操作效率的各种操作。例如，披露了允许通过比较阴影的访客页表（GPT）条目与条目被缓存时拍摄的快照来确定影子页表（SPT）中的现有条目是否过时的操作。公开了允许虚拟机监视器（VMM）通过软件或硬件中的步行树来访问影子页表树（SPTT）的其他操作。还公开了其他操作，允许VMM使用散列表将GVA范围与映射它们的SPT相关联，从而显着降低了必须走每个SPTT以使所需GVA无效的成本。最后，公开了操作，允许VMM通过在使全局GVAs无效时检查位图来确定全局GVA范围。

10. 发明授权

US07788464B2 Scalability of virtual TLBs for multi-processor virtual machines 有权
标题翻译：用于多处理器虚拟机的虚拟TLB的可扩展性
公开(公告)号：US07788464B2
公开(公告)日：2010-08-31
申请号：US11644502
申请日：2006-12-22
申请人： John Te-Jui Sheu , Ernest S. Cohen , Matthew D. Hendel , Landy Wang , Rene Antonio Vega , Sharvil A. Nanavati
发明人： John Te-Jui Sheu , Ernest S. Cohen , Matthew D. Hendel , Landy Wang , Rene Antonio Vega , Sharvil A. Nanavati
IPC分类号： G06F12/10
CPC分类号： G06F12/1027
摘要： Various operations are provided that improve the scalability of virtual TLBs in multi-processor virtual machines, and they include: implicitly locking SPTs using per-processor generation counters; waiting for pending fills on other virtual processors to complete before servicing a GVA invalidation using the counters; write-protecting or unmaping guest pages in a deferred two-stage process or reclaiming SPTs in a deferred two-stage process; periodically coalescing two SPTs that shadow the same GPT with the same attributes; sharing SPTs between two SASes only at a specified level in a SPTT; flushing the entire virtual TLB using a generation counter; allocating a SPT to GPT from a NUMA node on which the GPT resides; having an instance for each NUMA node on which a virtual machine runs; and, correctly handling the serializing instructions executed by a guest in a virtual machine with more than one virtual processor sharing the virtual TLB.
摘要翻译：提供了提高多处理器虚拟机中虚拟TLB可扩展性的各种操作，包括：使用每处理器生成计数器隐式锁定SPT; 在使用计数器服务GVA无效之前等待其他虚拟处理器上的待处理填充; 在延迟的两阶段过程中写入保护或取消映射访客页面或在延迟的两阶段过程中回收SPT; 定期合并两个具有相同属性的相同GPT的SPT; 在SPTT之间仅在指定级别共享两个SAS之间的SPT; 使用生成计数器刷新整个虚拟TLB; 从GPT所在的NUMA节点向GPT分配SPT; 具有运行虚拟机的每个NUMA节点的实例; 并且正确地处理由具有多个共享虚拟TLB的虚拟处理器的虚拟机中的来宾执行的序列化指令。

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