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1. 发明授权

US07862942B2 Strategies for mitigating cell degradation during start-up and shutdown with H2/N2 storage 有权
标题翻译：在H2 / N2存储启动和关闭期间减轻电池退化的策略
公开(公告)号：US07862942B2
公开(公告)日：2011-01-04
申请号：US11669893
申请日：2007-01-31
申请人： John P. Salvador , Balsu Lakshmanan , Abdullah B. Alp , David A. Arthur
发明人： John P. Salvador , Balsu Lakshmanan , Abdullah B. Alp , David A. Arthur
IPC分类号： H01M8/04
CPC分类号： H01M8/04164 , H01M8/04223 , H01M8/04231 , H01M8/04302 , H01M8/04753 , H01M8/0494 , H01M8/04955 , H01M8/249 , H01M2008/1095
摘要： A system and method for reducing cathode carbon corrosion during start-up of a fuel cell stack. If a long enough period of time has gone by since the last system shutdown, then both the anode side and the cathode side of the stack will be filled with air. If the system includes split sub-stacks, then a start-up sequence uses a fast hydrogen purge through each sub-stack separately so as to minimize the time of the hydrogen/air front flowing through the anode side of the stacks. The start-up sequence then employs a slow hydrogen purge through the sub-stacks at the same time. If the time from the last shutdown is short enough where a significant amount of hydrogen still exists in the cathode side and the anode side of the sub-stacks, then the fast hydrogen purge can be eliminated, and the start-up sequence proceeds directly to the slow hydrogen purge.
摘要翻译：一种用于在燃料电池堆启动期间减少阴极碳腐蚀的系统和方法。如果从上一次系统关机起已经过了足够长的时间，那么堆叠的阳极侧和阴极侧将充满空气。如果系统包括拆分的子堆叠，则启动顺序分别使用每个子堆的快速氢气吹扫，以便最小化氢/空气前沿流经堆叠的阳极侧的时间。然后启动序列同时通过子堆的慢氢气清洗。如果在最后停机的时间足够短，在堆叠的阴极侧和阳极侧仍然存在显着量的氢气，则可以消除快速氢气清洗，并且启动顺序直接进行到慢氢气清洗。

2. 发明申请

US20080182138A1 Strategies for Mitigating Cell Degradation During Start-Up and Shutdown with H2/N2 Storage 有权
标题翻译：在H2 / N2储存启动和关闭期间缓解细胞降解的策略
公开(公告)号：US20080182138A1
公开(公告)日：2008-07-31
申请号：US11669893
申请日：2007-01-31
申请人： John P. Salvador , Balsu Lakshmanan , Abdullah B. Alp , David A. Arthur
发明人： John P. Salvador , Balsu Lakshmanan , Abdullah B. Alp , David A. Arthur
IPC分类号： H01M8/02
CPC分类号： H01M8/04164 , H01M8/04223 , H01M8/04231 , H01M8/04302 , H01M8/04753 , H01M8/0494 , H01M8/04955 , H01M8/249 , H01M2008/1095
摘要： A system and method for reducing cathode carbon corrosion during start-up of a fuel cell stack. If a long enough period of time has gone by since the last system shutdown, then both the anode side and the cathode side of the stack will be filled with air. If the system includes split sub-stacks, then a start-up sequence uses a fast hydrogen purge through each sub-stack separately so as to minimize the time of the hydrogen/air front flowing through the anode side of the stacks. The start-up sequence then employs a slow hydrogen purge through the sub-stacks at the same time. If the time from the last shutdown is short enough where a significant amount of hydrogen still exists in the cathode side and the anode side of the sub-stacks, then the fast hydrogen purge can be eliminated, and the start-up sequence proceeds directly to the slow hydrogen purge.
摘要翻译：一种用于在燃料电池堆启动期间减少阴极碳腐蚀的系统和方法。如果从上一次系统关机起已经过了足够长的时间，那么堆叠的阳极侧和阴极侧将充满空气。如果系统包括拆分的子堆叠，则启动顺序分别使用每个子堆的快速氢气吹扫，以便最小化氢/空气前沿流经堆叠的阳极侧的时间。然后启动序列同时通过子堆的慢氢气清洗。如果在最后停机的时间足够短，在堆叠的阴极侧和阳极侧仍然存在显着量的氢气，则可以消除快速氢气吹扫，并且启动顺序直接进行到慢氢气清洗。

3. 发明授权

US07993787B2 Method for fast and reliable fuel cell system start-ups 有权
标题翻译：快速可靠的燃料电池系统启动方法
公开(公告)号：US07993787B2
公开(公告)日：2011-08-09
申请号：US11859300
申请日：2007-09-21
申请人： David A. Arthur , John P. Salvador , Seth E Lerner , Balasubramanian Lakshmanan , Abdullah B. Alp
发明人： David A. Arthur , John P. Salvador , Seth E Lerner , Balasubramanian Lakshmanan , Abdullah B. Alp
IPC分类号： H01M8/04
CPC分类号： H01M8/04619 , H01M8/04223 , H01M8/04231 , H01M8/04302 , H01M8/04402 , H01M8/0441 , H01M8/04447 , H01M8/04552 , H01M8/04753 , H01M8/04761 , H01M8/04955 , H01M2008/1095 , Y02B90/14
摘要： A method for providing a fast and reliable start-up of a fuel cell system. The method uses a stack voltage response to a load to assess if hydrogen and oxygen are being sufficiently distributed to all of the fuel cells by coupling an auxiliary load to the fuel cell stack until a predetermined minimum cell voltage has been reached or a first predetermined time period has elapsed. The method then determines whether a minimum cell voltage has dropped to a first predetermined voltage and, if so, reduces the maximum power allowed to be below the first predetermined voltage value, determines whether the minimum cell voltage in the stack is below a second predetermined voltage, or determines whether the minimum cell voltage drop rate is greater than a predetermined voltage drop rate. If none of these conditions are met, the method returns to loading the stack with system components.
摘要翻译：一种用于提供快速可靠的燃料电池系统启动的方法。该方法使用对负载的堆叠电压响应来评估氢和氧是否通过将辅助负载耦合到燃料电池堆而充分地分配给所有燃料电池，直到达到预定的最小电池电压或第一预定时间时间过去了然后，该方法确定最小单元电压是否已经下降到第一预定电压，如果是，则将允许的最大功率减小到低于第一预定电压值，确定堆叠中的最小单元电压是否低于第二预定电压，或者确定最小单元电压降率是否大于预定的电压降率。如果没有满足这些条件，则该方法返回使用系统组件加载堆栈。

4. 发明申请

US20090081491A1 Method for Fast and Reliable Fuel Cell System Start-Ups 有权
标题翻译：快速可靠的燃料电池系统启动方法
公开(公告)号：US20090081491A1
公开(公告)日：2009-03-26
申请号：US11859300
申请日：2007-09-21
申请人： David A. Arthur , John P. Salvador , Seth E. Lerner , Balasubramanian Lakshmanan , Abdullah B. Alp
发明人： David A. Arthur , John P. Salvador , Seth E. Lerner , Balasubramanian Lakshmanan , Abdullah B. Alp
IPC分类号： H01M8/02
CPC分类号： H01M8/04619 , H01M8/04223 , H01M8/04231 , H01M8/04302 , H01M8/04402 , H01M8/0441 , H01M8/04447 , H01M8/04552 , H01M8/04753 , H01M8/04761 , H01M8/04955 , H01M2008/1095 , Y02B90/14
摘要： A method for providing a fast and reliable start-up of a fuel cell system. The method uses a stack voltage response to a load to assess if hydrogen and oxygen are being sufficiently distributed to all of the fuel cells by coupling an auxiliary load to the fuel cell stack until a predetermined minimum cell voltage has been reached or a first predetermined time period has elapsed. The method then determines whether a minimum cell voltage has dropped to a first predetermined voltage and, if so, reduces the maximum power allowed to be below the first predetermined voltage value, determines whether the minimum cell voltage in the stack is below a second predetermined voltage, or determines whether the minimum cell voltage drop rate is greater than a predetermined voltage drop rate. If none of these conditions are met, the method returns to loading the stack with system components.
摘要翻译：一种用于提供快速可靠的燃料电池系统启动的方法。该方法使用对负载的堆叠电压响应来评估氢和氧是否通过将辅助负载耦合到燃料电池堆而充分地分配给所有燃料电池，直到达到预定的最小电池电压或第一预定时间时间过去了然后，该方法确定最小单元电压是否已经下降到第一预定电压，如果是，则将允许的最大功率减小到低于第一预定电压值，确定堆叠中的最小单元电压是否低于第二预定电压，或者确定最小单元电压降率是否大于预定的电压降率。如果没有满足这些条件，则该方法返回使用系统组件加载堆栈。

5. 发明授权

US08231989B2 Method for improving FCS reliability after end cell heater failure 有权
标题翻译：提高终端电池加热器故障后FCS可靠性的方法
公开(公告)号：US08231989B2
公开(公告)日：2012-07-31
申请号：US11925422
申请日：2007-10-26
申请人： Derek R Lebzelter , William S Marley , John P. Salvador , Abdullah B. Alp , Loren Devries
发明人： Derek R Lebzelter , William S Marley , John P. Salvador , Abdullah B. Alp , Loren Devries
IPC分类号： H01M8/04
CPC分类号： H01M8/04037 , H01M8/04358 , H01M8/04365 , H01M8/04597 , H01M8/04679 , H01M8/04723 , H01M8/04753 , H01M8/04768 , H01M8/04835 , H01M8/0494
摘要： A method for improving fuel cell system reliability in the event of end cell heater failure in a fuel cell stack. The method includes detecting that an end cell heater has failed. If an end cell heater failure is detected, then the method performs one or more of setting a cooling fluid pump to a predetermined speed that drives a cooling fluid through cooling fluid flow channels in the fuel cell stack, limiting the output power of the fuel cell stack or the net power of the fuel cell system, limiting the maximum temperature of the cooling fluid flowing out of the stack, turning off stack anti-flooding algorithms that may be used to remove water from reactant gas flow channels in the stack, and turning off cathode stoichiometry adjustments for relative humidity control in response to water accumulating in cathode flow channels in the fuel cell stack.
摘要翻译：一种用于在燃料电池堆中终端电池加热器故障的情况下提高燃料电池系统的可靠性的方法。该方法包括检测终端电池加热器是否发生故障。如果检测到终端电池加热器故障，则该方法执行一个或多个将冷却液泵设定到通过燃料电池堆中的冷却流体流动通道驱动冷却流体的预定速度，限制燃料电池的输出功率堆叠或燃料电池系统的净功率，限制流出堆叠的冷却流体的最高温度，关闭可用于从堆叠中的反应气体流动通道去除水的堆叠防淹没算法，以及转动响应于在燃料电池堆中的阴极流动通道中积聚的水，进行相对湿度控制的阴极化学计量调节。

6. 发明申请

US20090081490A1 CLOSED-LOOP METHOD FOR FUEL CELL SYSTEM START-UP WITH LOW VOLTAGE SOURCE 有权
标题翻译：用于低电压源的燃料电池系统启动的闭环方法
公开(公告)号：US20090081490A1
公开(公告)日：2009-03-26
申请号：US11858987
申请日：2007-09-21
申请人： Abdullah B. Alp , Akbar Chowdhury , Matthew C. Kirklin , Matthew K. Hortop , John P. Salvador
发明人： Abdullah B. Alp , Akbar Chowdhury , Matthew C. Kirklin , Matthew K. Hortop , John P. Salvador
IPC分类号： H01M8/04
CPC分类号： H01M8/04753 , H01M8/04223 , H01M8/04225 , H01M8/04231 , H01M8/04302 , H01M8/04395 , H01M8/04567 , H01M8/04731 , H01M8/04805 , H01M8/04888 , H01M2008/1095 , Y02E60/50
摘要： A fuel cell system is provided that includes a fuel cell stack and an air compressor in communication with a cathode inlet, a hydrogen source in communication with an anode inlet, and a start-up battery adapted to power the air compressor. The start-up battery is at least one of a low-voltage battery and a high-voltage battery. A pressure sensor is in communication with the air compressor and adapted to measure a compressor outlet pressure. A power conversion module is in electrical communication with the start-up battery and the air compressor. A controller is in communication with the power conversion module and adapted to set an air compressor speed based on an available electrical energy. A closed-loop method of operating the fuel cell system at start-up is also provided, wherein an anode purge is scheduled based on an air flow rate calculated from the compressor outlet pressure and the actual speed.
摘要翻译：提供一种燃料电池系统，其包括与阴极入口连通的燃料电池堆和空气压缩机，与阳极入口连通的氢源和适于为空气压缩机供电的启动电池。启动电池至少是低压电池和高压电池中的一种。压力传感器与空气压缩机连通并适于测量压缩机出口压力。电源转换模块与起动电池和空气压缩机电连通。控制器与电力转换模块通信，并且适于基于可用的电能来设定空气压缩机速度。还提供了在启动时操作燃料电池系统的闭环方法，其中基于从压缩机出口压力和实际速度计算出的空气流量来排列阳极吹扫。

7. 发明申请

US20100151288A1 METHOD OF OPERATING A FUEL CELL SYSTEM IN STANDBY/REGENERATIVE MODE 有权
标题翻译：在待机/再生模式下操作燃料电池系统的方法
公开(公告)号：US20100151288A1
公开(公告)日：2010-06-17
申请号：US12336193
申请日：2008-12-16
申请人： Akbar Chowdhury , John P. Salvador , Abdullah B. Alp
发明人： Akbar Chowdhury , John P. Salvador , Abdullah B. Alp
IPC分类号： H01M8/04
CPC分类号： H01M8/04231
摘要： A system and method for putting a fuel cell system in a stand-by during a system idle condition to improve system fuel efficiency. The method can include diverting the cathode airflow around the stack, reducing an airflow output from a cathode compressor to a minimum allowable set-point, opening the stack contactors to disconnect the stack from the high voltage bus and electrically isolate the stack from the rest of the system, engaging an independent load to the stack, such as end cell heaters in the stack, to suppress stack voltage, maintaining a positive pressure in the anode side of the fuel cell stack and periodically bleeding the anode into the exhaust stream. When a system power request is made removing the idle condition, the system returns to normal operation by directing the airflow back to the cathode and opening the stack contactors when an open circuit voltage is attained.
摘要翻译：一种在系统怠速状态下将燃料电池系统置于待机状态以提高系统燃料效率的系统和方法。该方法可以包括将阴极气流转向堆叠周围，将从阴极压缩机输出的气流减少到最小允许设定点，打开堆叠接触器以将堆叠与高压母线断开并将堆叠与其余部分电隔离该系统将诸如堆叠中的端电池加热器的独立负载接合到堆叠中以抑制堆叠电压，在燃料电池堆的阳极侧保持正压力并且将阳极周期性地排放到排气流中。当消除空闲状态的系统功率请求时，当达到开路电压时，通过将气流引导回阴极并打开堆叠接触器，系统恢复正常操作。

8. 发明授权

US09496572B2 Closed-loop method for fuel cell system start-up with low voltage source 有权
标题翻译：低压源燃料电池系统启动的闭环方法
公开(公告)号：US09496572B2
公开(公告)日：2016-11-15
申请号：US11858987
申请日：2007-09-21
申请人： Abdullah B. Alp , Akbar Chowdhury , Matthew C. Kirklin , Matthew K. Hortop , John P. Salvador
发明人： Abdullah B. Alp , Akbar Chowdhury , Matthew C. Kirklin , Matthew K. Hortop , John P. Salvador
IPC分类号： H01M8/04 , H01M8/10
CPC分类号： H01M8/04753 , H01M8/04223 , H01M8/04225 , H01M8/04231 , H01M8/04302 , H01M8/04395 , H01M8/04567 , H01M8/04731 , H01M8/04805 , H01M8/04888 , H01M2008/1095 , Y02E60/50
摘要： A fuel cell system is provided that includes a fuel cell stack and an air compressor in communication with a cathode inlet, a hydrogen source in communication with an anode inlet, and a start-up battery adapted to power the air compressor. The start-up battery is at least one of a low-voltage battery and a high-voltage battery. A pressure sensor is in communication with the air compressor and adapted to measure a compressor outlet pressure. A power conversion module is in electrical communication with the start-up battery and the air compressor. A controller is in communication with the power conversion module and adapted to set an air compressor speed based on an available electrical energy. A closed-loop method of operating the fuel cell system at start-up is also provided, wherein an anode purge is scheduled based on an air flow rate calculated from the compressor outlet pressure and the actual speed.
摘要翻译：提供一种燃料电池系统，其包括与阴极入口连通的燃料电池堆和空气压缩机，与阳极入口连通的氢源和适于为空气压缩机供电的启动电池。启动电池至少是低压电池和高压电池中的一种。压力传感器与空气压缩机连通并适于测量压缩机出口压力。电源转换模块与起动电池和空气压缩机电连通。控制器与电力转换模块通信，并且适于基于可用的电能来设定空气压缩机速度。还提供了在启动时操作燃料电池系统的闭环方法，其中基于从压缩机出口压力和实际速度计算出的空气流量来排列阳极吹扫。

9. 发明授权

US08088530B2 Method of operating a fuel cell system in standby/regenerative mode 有权
标题翻译：在备用/再生模式下操作燃料电池系统的方法
公开(公告)号：US08088530B2
公开(公告)日：2012-01-03
申请号：US12336193
申请日：2008-12-16
申请人： Akbar Chowdhury , John P. Salvador , Abdullah B. Alp
发明人： Akbar Chowdhury , John P. Salvador , Abdullah B. Alp
IPC分类号： H01M8/04
CPC分类号： H01M8/04231
摘要： A system and method for putting a fuel cell system in a stand-by during a system idle condition to improve system fuel efficiency. The method can include diverting the cathode airflow around the stack, reducing an airflow output from a cathode compressor to a minimum allowable set-point, opening the stack contactors to disconnect the stack from the high voltage bus and electrically isolate the stack from the rest of the system, engaging an independent load to the stack, such as end cell heaters in the stack, to suppress stack voltage, maintaining a positive pressure in the anode side of the fuel cell stack and periodically bleeding the anode into the exhaust stream. When a system power request is made removing the idle condition, the system returns to normal operation by directing the airflow back to the cathode and opening the stack contactors when an open circuit voltage is attained.
摘要翻译：一种在系统怠速状态下将燃料电池系统置于待机状态以提高系统燃料效率的系统和方法。该方法可以包括将阴极气流转向堆叠周围，将从阴极压缩机输出的气流减少到最小允许设定点，打开堆叠接触器以将堆叠与高压母线断开并将堆叠与其余部分电隔离该系统将诸如堆叠中的端电池加热器的独立负载接合到堆叠中以抑制堆叠电压，在燃料电池堆的阳极侧保持正压力并且将阳极周期性地排放到排气流中。当消除空闲状态的系统功率请求时，当达到开路电压时，通过将气流引导回阴极并打开堆叠接触器，系统恢复正常操作。

10. 发明授权

US07740964B2 Adaptive anode nitrogen management control 有权
标题翻译：自适应阳极氮管理控制
公开(公告)号：US07740964B2
公开(公告)日：2010-06-22
申请号：US11397774
申请日：2006-04-04
申请人： Abdullah B. Alp , Victor W. Logan , John P. Salvador
发明人： Abdullah B. Alp , Victor W. Logan , John P. Salvador
IPC分类号： H01M8/04
CPC分类号： H01M8/04089 , H01M8/04328 , H01M8/04388 , H01M8/04425 , H01M8/04447 , H01M8/04559 , H01M8/04798
摘要： A method is provided for controlling the concentration of nitrogen in a fuel cell stack. The method includes providing a fuel cell stack with cathode passages and anode passages including a valve in communication with the anode passages. The method further comprises selecting a maximum desired amount of nitrogen to be found in the fuel cell stack and calculating an actual amount of nitrogen in the fuel cell stack. Next, the method provides for comparing the maximum desired amount of nitrogen in the fuel cell stack to the actual amount of nitrogen in the fuel cell stack, and opening the valve if the actual amount of nitrogen in the fuel cell stack is greater than the maximum desired amount of nitrogen in the fuel cell stack. The method calculates the actual amount of nitrogen in the fuel cell stack based on an amount of nitrogen that enters the anode passages due to an age of the fuel cell stack.
摘要翻译：提供了一种用于控制燃料电池堆中的氮浓度的方法。该方法包括提供具有阴极通道和阳极通道的燃料电池堆，阳极通道包括与阳极通道连通的阀。该方法还包括选择在燃料电池堆中要找到的最大期望量的氮并计算燃料电池堆中的实际氮量。接下来，该方法提供了将燃料电池堆中的最大期望氮气量与燃料电池堆中的实际氮量进行比较，并且如果燃料电池堆中的实际氮气量大于最大值则打开阀门所需量的燃料电池堆中的氮。该方法基于由于燃料电池堆的年龄而进入阳极通道的氮量，计算燃料电池堆中的氮的实际量。

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