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1. 发明授权

US6047254A System and method for determining a first formant analysis filter and prefiltering a speech signal for improved pitch estimation 失效
标题翻译：用于确定第一共振峰分析滤波器和预滤波语音信号以改进音调估计的系统和方法
公开(公告)号：US6047254A
公开(公告)日：2000-04-04
申请号：US957099
申请日：1997-10-24
申请人： Mark A. Ireton , John G. Bartkowiak
发明人： Mark A. Ireton , John G. Bartkowiak
IPC分类号： G10L11/04 , G10L19/08 , G10L19/02
CPC分类号： G10L19/08 , G10L25/90 , G10L19/09 , G10L25/06 , G10L25/15
摘要： The present invention comprises an improved vocoder system and method for estimating the pitch of a speech signal. The speech signal comprises a stream of digitized speech samples. The speech samples are partitioned into frames. For each frame of the speech signal, an optimal order-two inverse filter is determined. The optimal order-two inverse filter is determined by computing an order-two inverse filter at various locations within the speech frame. For each order-two inverse filter an energy value is calculated which represents the proportion of energy which would remain if the speech signal were filtered with the order-two inverse filter. The order-two inverse filter which minimizes the energy proportion is chosen to be the optimal order-two inverse filter. The optimal order-two inverse filter is then used to filter the samples of the speech frame. An autocorrelation is performed on the filtered signal for a range of tine-delay values. The peaks of the autocorrelation function are analyzed to determine the pitch period.
摘要翻译：本发明包括用于估计语音信号音调的改进的声码器系统和方法。语音信号包括数字化语音样本流。语音样本被划分成帧。对于语音信号的每个帧，确定最佳二阶逆滤波器。通过在语音帧内的各个位置处计算二阶二阶滤波器来确定最优二阶逆滤波器。对于每个顺序二反向滤波器，计算能量值，其表示如果用二阶逆滤波器滤波语音信号将保留的能量的比例。选择最小化能量比例的二阶逆滤波器被选为最优二阶逆滤波器。然后使用最优二阶逆滤波器对语音帧的采样进行滤波。针对一定范围的延时值对经滤波的信号进行自相关。分析自相关函数的峰值以确定音调周期。

2. 发明授权

US6026357A First formant location determination and removal from speech correlation information for pitch detection 失效
标题翻译：用于音高检测的语音相关信息的第一共振峰位置确定和去除
公开(公告)号：US6026357A
公开(公告)日：2000-02-15
申请号：US957595
申请日：1997-10-24
申请人： Mark A. Ireton , John G. Bartkowiak
发明人： Mark A. Ireton , John G. Bartkowiak
IPC分类号： G10L11/04 , G10L19/08 , G10L3/02
CPC分类号： G10L19/08 , G10L25/90 , G10L19/09 , G10L25/06 , G10L25/15
摘要： A vocoder system and method for estimating the pitch of a speech signal. The speech signal comprises a stream of digitized speech samples. The speech samples are partitioned into frames. For each frame of the speech signal, the following processing steps are performed. First, an optimal order-two inverse filter is determined based on the samples of the speech frame. Second, a dominant formant frequency is calculated from the coefficients of the optimal order-two inverse filter. Third, an autocorrelation function is calculated on the samples of the speech frame. The autocorrelation is performed for a range of time-delay values over which the pitch period and its multiples might be expected to occur. Fourth, the peaks of the autocorrelation function are analyzed incorporating the knowledge of the dominant formant period (which is the inverse of the dominant formant frequency). Normally, the dominant formant is the first formant. Thus, the dominant formant period defines the expected time-delay for the first formant peak in the autocorrelation function. As such, any peak in the autocorrelation function occurring with a time-delay equal to the dominant formant period is treated with increased caution before being accepted as the pitch period.
摘要翻译：用于估计语音信号的音高的声码器系统和方法。语音信号包括数字化语音样本流。语音样本被划分成帧。对于语音信号的每个帧，执行以下处理步骤。首先，基于语音帧的采样来确定最优二阶逆滤波器。其次，根据最优二阶逆滤波器的系数计算出主导共振峰频率。第三，对语音帧的样本计算自相关函数。对于可能期望发生音调周期及其倍数的时间延迟值的范围来执行自相关。第四，对自主相关函数的峰值进行了分析，结合了主导共振峰周期的知识（这是主导共振峰频率的倒数）。通常，主要共振峰是第一个共振峰。因此，主导共振峰周期定义了自相关函数中第一共振峰的预期时间延迟。因此，在被接受为音调周期之前，随着时间延迟等于主要共振峰周期的时间延迟发生的自相关函数中的任何峰值被更加谨慎地处理。

3. 发明授权

US5459750A Apparatus and method for discriminating and suppressing noise within an incoming signal 失效
标题翻译：用于识别和抑制进入信号内的噪声的装置和方法
公开(公告)号：US5459750A
公开(公告)日：1995-10-17
申请号：US280297
申请日：1994-07-26
申请人： Dimitris Hiotakakos , Mark A. Ireton , Costas S. Xydeas , John G. Bartkowiak , Safdar M. Asghar
发明人： Dimitris Hiotakakos , Mark A. Ireton , Costas S. Xydeas , John G. Bartkowiak , Safdar M. Asghar
IPC分类号： H03G3/34 , H04B1/10 , H04L27/14
CPC分类号： H04B1/1027 , H03G3/344
摘要： An apparatus and method for discriminating and suppressing noise within an incoming signal including a first signal processor to generate a first signal representing the incoming signal; a second signal processor to generate a second signal representing the first signal; a prediction device which generates a prediction for the second signal; a logic device which determines the difference between the second signal and the prediction and generates a logic output having a first value when the difference exceeds a threshold and a second value when the difference does not exceed the threshold; and a muting device to mute the incoming signal when the logic output has one value and not mute the incoming signal when the logic output has the other value. The method includes the steps of (1) generating a first signal representing the average signal energy of the incoming signal; (2) generating a second signal representing the first signal normalized with respect to a maximum signal energy expected; (3) generating a prediction for the second signal; (4) determining a difference between the second signal and the prediction; (5) generating a control signal having a first value when the difference exceeds a threshold and a second value when the difference does not exceed the threshold; and (6) providing a muting device which responds to the control signal to mute the incoming signal when the control signal has one value and not mute the incoming signal when the control signal has the other value.
摘要翻译：一种用于识别和抑制包括第一信号处理器的输入信号内的噪声以产生表示输入信号的第一信号的装置和方法; 第二信号处理器，用于产生表示第一信号的第二信号; 产生第二信号的预测的预测装置; 确定所述第二信号和所述预测之间的差异的逻辑装置，并且当所述差异超过阈值时产生具有所述差值超过阈值的第一值的逻辑输出，以及当所述差值不超过所述阈值时产生第二值; 以及当逻辑输出具有一个值时静音输入信号的静音装置，而当逻辑输出具有另一个值时，不会使输入信号静音。该方法包括以下步骤：（1）产生表示输入信号的平均信号能量的第一信号; （2）产生表示相对于预期的最大信号能量归一化的第一信号的第二信号; （3）产生第二信号的预测; （4）确定第二信号与预测之间的差; （5）当差值超过阈值时产生具有第一值的控制信号，当差值不超过阈值时产生第二值; 以及（6）当控制信号具有一个值时，提供一个响应于控制信号使静音输入信号的静音装置，并且当控制信号具有另一个值时不提供静音。

4. 发明授权

US5937374A System and method for improved pitch estimation which performs first formant energy removal for a frame using coefficients from a prior frame 失效
标题翻译：用于改进音调估计的系统和方法，其使用来自先前帧的系数对帧执行第一共振峰能量去除
公开(公告)号：US5937374A
公开(公告)日：1999-08-10
申请号：US647843
申请日：1996-05-15
申请人： John G. Bartkowiak , Mark A. Ireton
发明人： John G. Bartkowiak , Mark A. Ireton
IPC分类号： G10L11/04 , G10L19/08 , G10L3/02
CPC分类号： G10L25/90 , G10L19/08 , G10L19/09 , G10L25/06 , G10L25/15
摘要： An improved vocoder system and method for estimating pitch in a speech waveform which pre-filters speech data with improved efficiency and reduced computational requirements. The vocoder system is preferably a low bit rate speech coder which analyzes a plurality of frames of speech data in parallel. Once the LPC filter coefficients and the pitch for a first frame have been calculated, the vocoder then looks ahead to the next frame to estimate the pitch, i.e., to estimate the pitch of the next frame. In the preferred embodiment of the invention, the vocoder filters speech data in a second frame using a plurality of the coefficients from a first frame as a multi pole analysis filter. These coefficients are used as a "crude" two pole analysis filter. The vocoder preferably includes a first processor which performs coefficient calculations for the second frame, and a second processor which performs pre-filtering and pitch estimation, wherein the second processor operates substantially simultaneously with the first processor. Thus, the vocoder system uses LPC coefficients for a first frame as a "crude" multi pole analysis filter for a subsequent frame of data, thereby performing pre-filtering on a frame without requiring previous coefficient calculations for that frame. This allows pre-filtered pitch estimation and LPC coefficient calculations to be performed in parallel. This provides a more efficient pitch estimation, thus enhancing vocoder performance.
摘要翻译：一种用于估计语音波形中的音调的改进的声码器系统和方法，其以提高的效率和减少的计算要求预处理语音数据。声码器系统优选地是并行分析多个语音数据帧的低比特率语音编码器。一旦已经计算了LPC滤波器系数和第一帧的音调，则声码器然后前瞻到下一帧以估计音调，即估计下一帧的音高。在本发明的优选实施例中，声码器使用来自第一帧的多个系数作为多极分析滤波器对第二帧中的语音数据进行滤波。这些系数用作“粗”双极分析滤波器。声码器优选地包括执行第二帧的系数计算的第一处理器和执行预滤波和音调估计的第二处理器，其中第二处理器与第一处理器基本同时地操作。因此，声码器系统将第一帧的LPC系数用作随后的数据帧的“粗”多极分析滤波器，由此对帧执行预滤波，而不需要对该帧进行先前的系数计算。这允许并行执行预滤波的音调估计和LPC系数计算。这提供了更有效的音调估计，从而增强了声码器的性能。

5. 发明授权

US06587559B1 Cross-frame dual tone multifrequency detector 失效
标题翻译：跨帧双音多频探测器
公开(公告)号：US06587559B1
公开(公告)日：2003-07-01
申请号：US09159143
申请日：1998-09-23
申请人： John G. Bartkowiak
发明人： John G. Bartkowiak
IPC分类号： H04M157
CPC分类号： H04M1/573
摘要： A signal detector includes a transform unit and a cross-frame energy level unit. The transform unit is adapted to receive at least a first and a second frame of time domain input samples. The transform unit generates at least a first frequency energy value for the first frame and a second frequency energy value for the second frame based on the time domain input samples. The cross-frame energy level unit is adapted to compare the first frequency energy value to the second frequency energy value to determine the presence of a first tone in the time domain input samples. A method for detecting a signal includes receiving at least a first and a second frame of time domain input samples. At least a first frequency energy value for the first frame and a second frequency energy value for the second frame are generated based on the time domain input samples. The first frequency energy value is compared to the second frequency energy value to determine the presence of a first tone in the time domain input samples.
摘要翻译：信号检测器包括变换单元和跨帧能级单元。变换单元适于接收时域输入样本的至少第一和第二帧。变换单元基于时域输入采样，生成第一帧的至少第一频率能量值和第二帧的第二频率能量值。跨帧能级单元适于将第一频率能量值与第二频率能量值进行比较，以确定时域输入采样中的第一音调的存在。一种用于检测信号的方法包括接收时域输入样本的至少第一帧和第二帧。基于时域输入采样，生成用于第一帧的至少第一频率能量值和第二帧的第二频率能量值。将第一频率能量值与第二频率能量值进行比较，以确定时域输入样本中的第一音调的存在。

6. 发明授权

US5694466A DTMF detector system and method which performs improved twist computation and thresholding 失效
标题翻译： DTMF检测器系统和方法进行改进的扭转计算和阈值处理
公开(公告)号：US5694466A
公开(公告)日：1997-12-02
申请号：US588407
申请日：1996-01-18
申请人： Zheng-yi Xie , John G. Bartkowiak
发明人： Zheng-yi Xie , John G. Bartkowiak
IPC分类号： H04Q1/453 , H04Q1/457 , H04M1/50
CPC分类号： H04Q1/453 , H04Q1/457 , H04M7/1295
摘要： An improved dual tone multifrequency (DTMF) or multitone signal detector which more efficiently and reliably detects DTMF signals. The present invention performs twist computations only when the signal has become stable, thus achieving more accuracy and reliability. The DTMF detector receives a plurality of digital samples of a received signal and calculates energy values for each of the plurality of different uncorrelated frequencies. The DSP then determines maximum values of the energy values for each of the two or more frequency groups, referred to as M(1) and M(2), to detect the plurality of tones in the received signal. The DTMF detector then performs improved twist computation and thresholding. The DTMF detector first determines if the M(1) and M(2) values of the respective frame being examined have the same indices. If so, the DTMF detector compares each of the M(1) and M(2) values of the respective frame being examined with the M(1) and M(2) values of the immediately prior frame, referred to as M'(1) and M'(2), and determines if the M(1) and M(2) values of the current frame are greater than the M'(1) and M'(2) values of the prior frame. If the M(1) and M(2) values of the current frame are greater than the M'(1) and M'(2) values of the prior frame, then the DTMF detector calculates a twist value using the maximum energy values M(1) and M(2) for the current frame being examined.
摘要翻译：改进的双音多频（DTMF）或多音信号检测器，可更有效和可靠地检测DTMF信号。本发明仅在信号稳定时进行扭转计算，从而获得更高的精度和可靠性。 DTMF检测器接收接收到的信号的多个数字样本，并计算多个不相关频率中的每一个的能量值。 DSP然后确定称为M（1）和M（2）的两个或更多个频率组中的每一个的能量值的最大值，以检测接收信号中的多个音调。然后DTMF检测器进行改进的扭转计算和阈值处理。 DTMF检测器首先确定被检查的相应帧的M（1）和M（2）值是否具有相同的索引。如果是，则DTMF检测器将被检查的各帧的M（1）和M（2）值中的每一个与紧邻的先前帧的M（1）和M（2）值进行比较，称为M'（ 1）和M'（2），并确定当前帧的M（1）和M（2）值是否大于先前帧的M'（1）和M'（2）值。如果当前帧的M（1）和M（2）值大于先前帧的M'（1）和M'（2）值，则DTMF检测器使用最大能量值计算扭曲值检查当前帧的M（1）和M（2）。

7. 发明授权

US06230255B1 Communications processor for voice band telecommunications 失效
标题翻译：通讯处理器用于语音频段电讯
公开(公告)号：US06230255B1
公开(公告)日：2001-05-08
申请号：US07548709
申请日：1990-07-06
申请人： Safdar M. Asghar , John G. Bartkowiak
发明人： Safdar M. Asghar , John G. Bartkowiak
IPC分类号： G06F1516
CPC分类号： G11B7/08529 , G06F9/3879 , G06F15/7842 , G11B5/012 , G11B5/5534 , G11B5/59605 , G11B5/59688 , G11B11/10563 , G11B11/10595 , G11B19/247
摘要： The communications processor of the present invention comprises, in a single integrated circuit chip, the combination of a central processing unit (CPU) having an execution unit with an arithmetic logic unit and accumulators, a program counter, memory, a clock generator, a timer, a bus interface, chip select outputs, and an interrupt processor; a digital signal processor (DSP) having an instruction set to carry out a digital signal processing algorithm, an execution unit for carrying out multiply and accumulate operations and an external interface; an address bus connected between the CPU and the DSP; a data bus connected between the CPU and the DSP; and a static scheduler for statically scheduling execution of the signal processing algorithm between the digital signal processor and the CPU.
摘要翻译：本发明的通信处理器在单个集成电路芯片中包括具有执行单元与算术逻辑单元的中央处理单元（CPU）和累加器的组合，程序计数器，存储器，时钟发生器，定时器，总线接口，片选输出和中断处理器; 具有执行数字信号处理算法的指令集的数字信号处理器（DSP），用于执行乘法和累加操作的执行单元和外部接口; 连接在CPU和DSP之间的地址总线; 连接在CPU和DSP之间的数据总线; 以及用于静态调度数字信号处理器和CPU之间的信号处理算法执行的静态调度器。

8. 发明授权

US5644634A System and method for dual tone multifrequency detection using variable frame widths 失效
标题翻译：使用可变帧宽度进行双音多频检测的系统和方法
公开(公告)号：US5644634A
公开(公告)日：1997-07-01
申请号：US563973
申请日：1995-11-29
申请人： Zheng-yi Xie , John G. Bartkowiak
发明人： Zheng-yi Xie , John G. Bartkowiak
IPC分类号： H04Q1/453 , H04Q1/457 , H04M3/00
CPC分类号： H04Q1/453 , H04Q1/457 , H04M7/1295
摘要： An improved dual tone multifrequency (DTMF) signal detector which uses the Goertzel DFT algorithm and which utilizes variable or differing frame widths that are frequency dependent for improved detection and reduced error. The DTMF detector includes a codec receiver which receives signals from the transmission media, and a digital signal processor (DSP) coupled to the codec. The DSP receives the digital samples and preferably applies the Goertzel DFT algorithm using differing frame lengths according to the present invention. The DTMF detector utilizes a different frame width for different tones of the possible tone frequencies according to the present invention. Thus the calculation uses a different frame length N for different ones of the uncorrelated frequencies, wherein the different frame lengths comprise at least a subset N of the number of digital samples. The different frame lengths N are designed to optimally align the calculated frequency spectrum at each of the different uncorrelated frequencies. The calculation produces an energy value for each of the different uncorrelated frequencies. The DTMF detector preferably multiplies a gain value with each of the energy values to adjust the gain of each of the energy values. After the frequency domain calculation, i.e., after energy values have been calculated for each of the different uncorrelated frequencies, and after any desired gain adjustment, the DSP determines maximum values of the energy values for each of the two or more frequency groups to detect the plurality of tones in the received signal. The DTMF detector also performs various other calculations to ensure valid tone detection.
摘要翻译：改进的双音多频（DTMF）信号检测器，其使用Goertzel DFT算法，其利用与频率相关的可变或不同的帧宽度，以改善检测和减少误差。 DTMF检测器包括从传输介质接收信号的编解码器接收器和耦合到编解码器的数字信号处理器（DSP）。 DSP接收数字样本，并且优选地根据本发明应用使用不同帧长度的Goertzel DFT算法。根据本发明，DTMF检测器对于可能的音调频率的不同音调使用不同的帧宽度。因此，不同的不相关频率的计算使用不同的帧长度N，其中不同的帧长度至少包括数字样本数量的子集N。不同的帧长度N被设计成在每个不相关的频率下优化对准所计算的频谱。该计算产生每个不相关频率的能量值。 DTMF检测器优选地将增益值与每个能量值相乘以调整每个能量值的增益。在频域计算之后，即，在针对每个不相关的频率计算能量值之后，并且在任何期望的增益调整之后，DSP确定两个或更多个频率组中的每一个的能量值的最大值，以检测接收信号中的多个音调。 DTMF检测器还执行各种其他计算，以确保有效的音调检测。

9. 发明授权

US5507037A Apparatus and method for discriminating signal noise from saturated signals and from high amplitude signals 失效
标题翻译：用于从饱和信号和高幅度信号中识别信号噪声的装置和方法
公开(公告)号：US5507037A
公开(公告)日：1996-04-09
申请号：US152316
申请日：1993-11-03
申请人： John G. Bartkowiak , Safdar M. Asghar
发明人： John G. Bartkowiak , Safdar M. Asghar
IPC分类号： H03G3/34 , H04B1/10 , H04B1/12 , H04L27/14
CPC分类号： H03G3/344 , H04B1/1027 , H04B1/123
摘要： An apparatus and method are provided for discriminating noise in a received signal. The apparatus comprises a first signal processing means, a second signal processing means, a threshold generating means for generating a threshold value. The first signal processing means generates iteration signal samples and predicted iteration signal samples, compares the iteration signal samples and predicted signal samples to generate a predicted error parameter. The second signal processing means generates a threshold adjustment value based on generated successive iteration signal samples. A logic means logically treats the prediction error parameter, the threshold adjustment value and the threshold value to generate a noise indication value.
摘要翻译：提供了一种用于识别接收信号中的噪声的装置和方法。该装置包括第一信号处理装置，第二信号处理装置，用于产生阈值的阈值产生装置。第一信号处理装置产生迭代信号样本和预测的迭代信号样本，比较迭代信号样本和预测信号样本以产生预测误差参数。第二信号处理装置基于生成的连续迭代信号样本产生阈值调整值。逻辑手段逻辑地处理预测误差参数，阈值调整值和阈值以产生噪声指示值。

10. 发明授权

US5369791A Apparatus and method for discriminating and suppressing noise within an incoming signal 失效
标题翻译：用于识别和抑制进入信号内的噪声的装置和方法
公开(公告)号：US5369791A
公开(公告)日：1994-11-29
申请号：US887076
申请日：1992-05-22
申请人： Safdar M. Asghar , John G. Bartkowiak
发明人： Safdar M. Asghar , John G. Bartkowiak
IPC分类号： H03G3/34 , H04B1/10 , H04B1/12 , H04L27/14
CPC分类号： H03G3/344 , H04B1/1027 , H04B1/123
摘要： An apparatus and method for discriminating and suppressing noise within an incoming signal which provide a first signal processing unit for processing the incoming signal to generate a first iteration signal representing average difference signal level of the incoming signal; a second signal processing unit for processing the first iteration signal to generate a second iteration signal representing specified aspects of the first iteration signal; a prediction unit for generating a predicted value for the second iteration signal from earlier samples of the second iteration signal; a logic unit for determining a threshold difference between the second iteration signal and the predicted value, the logic unit generating a logic output having a first value when the threshold difference exceeds a predetermined threshold value and having a second value when the threshold difference does not exceed the predetermined threshold value; and a muting unit for muting signals which is operatively connected to receive the incoming signal and the logic output, the muting unit responds to the logic output to mute the incoming signal when the logic output is at one value and to not mute the incoming signal when the logic output is at the other value.
摘要翻译：一种用于识别和抑制输入信号内的噪声的装置和方法，其提供用于处理输入信号的第一信号处理单元，以产生表示输入信号的平均差信号电平的第一迭代信号; 第二信号处理单元，用于处理第一迭代信号以产生表示第一迭代信号的特定方面的第二迭代信号; 预测单元，用于从所述第二迭代信号的较早样本生成所述第二迭代信号的预测值; 用于确定第二迭代信号和预测值之间的阈值差的逻辑单元，所述逻辑单元在阈值差超过预定阈值时生成具有第一值的逻辑输出，并且当阈值差不超过阈值差时具有第二值预定阈值; 以及用于静噪信号的静噪单元，其可操作地连接以接收输入信号和逻辑输出，当逻辑输出处于一个值时，静噪单元响应于逻辑输出以静音输入信号，并且当不输入信号时，逻辑输出为另一个值。

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