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    • 1. 发明授权
    • Optics assembly for observing a panoramic scene
    • 用于观察全景场景的光学组件
    • US5627675A
    • 1997-05-06
    • US455885
    • 1995-05-13
    • John E. DavisMarion N. ToddMitchell RudaTilman W. StuhlingerKenneth R. Castle
    • John E. DavisMarion N. ToddMitchell RudaTilman W. StuhlingerKenneth R. Castle
    • G02B13/06G02B17/06G02B17/08G02B17/00
    • G02B13/06
    • An optics assembly for observing a panoramic scene. The optics assembly includes a plurality of optical elements. A first element redirects light from the panoramic scene. The optical power of the first element forms an imaginary pupil. The energy from the first element is redirected about 90 degrees, forming an annular path. A second element receives the redirected light and re-images the imaginary pupil to form a real pupil. This portion of the energy continues to be in an annular form. A third element includes an optical relay system having a group of reimaging optics. The third element receives light from the second element while relaying the real pupil into the reimaging optics. It also establishes the focal length of the optics assembly, corrects pupil aberrations produced at the real pupil, corrects field aberrations and produces an annular image on a flat focal plane. The optical relay system interfaces with the second element through the use of the real pupil. The real pupil is formed at the cold stop and filter location in the third element. This pupil is relayed back through the system to be coincident with the first real pupil. The optics assembly produces a small F-number at field angles near perpendicular to the output optical axis of the optics assembly over a panoramic scene.
    • 用于观察全景场景的光学组件。 光学组件包括多个光学元件。 第一个元素重定向来自全景场景的光。 第一元件的光学功率形成假想光瞳。 来自第一元件的能量被重定向大约90度,形成环形路径。 第二个元件接收重定向的光并重新映射虚拟的光瞳以形成真正的光瞳。 能量的这一部分继续呈环状。 第三元件包括具有一组再成像光学器件的光学继电器系统。 第三元件从第二元件接收光,同时将真实光瞳中继到重构成像光学元件中。 它还建立光学组件的焦距,校正在真实光瞳处产生的光瞳像差,校正场像差并在平坦焦平面上产生环形图像。 光学继电器系统通过使用真实光瞳与第二个元件相连接。 真正的瞳孔形成在第三个元件的冷停止和过滤器位置。 这个学生通过系统被传回来与第一个真正的学生一致。 光学组件在垂直于光学组件的输出光轴的场角上在全景场景上产生小的F数。
    • 3. 发明授权
    • Gradient refractive index lens elements
    • 渐变折射率透镜元件
    • US5617252A
    • 1997-04-01
    • US513250
    • 1995-08-10
    • Paul K. ManhartTilman W. StuhlingerKenneth R. CastleMitchell C. Ruda
    • Paul K. ManhartTilman W. StuhlingerKenneth R. CastleMitchell C. Ruda
    • G02B3/00
    • G02B3/0087
    • A lens element (40) is formed from a monolithic unit (46) having two sections (46A and 46B) aligned on an optical axis. A selected one of the sections has an axial gradient refractive index, and the other has a homogeneous refractive index. A first surface 42 is generated one section and a second surface is generated on the other. The axial gradient index material may be selected such that third order spherical aberration of the element is zero. The axial gradient index material may be selected such that similarly constructed elements having shape factors between about 0 and 2.0 also have zero third order spherical aberration. Another element (20) may be formed entirely from an axially graded refractive index material. The refractive index preferably varies as a non-linear function of at least distance along the optical axis. The refractive index function and index change may be selected such that a selected third order aberration is zero or some constant value over a wide range of shape factor. An element (98) is formed from a material having an axial gradient dispersion. Shape factor and dispersion gradient may be selected such that the element is achromatic.
    • 透镜元件(40)由具有在光轴上对准的两个部分(46A和46B)的单片单元(46)形成。 所选择的一个部分具有轴向梯度折射率,另一个具有均匀的折射率。 第一表面42产生一个部分,另一个表面另一个产生。 可以选择轴向梯度折射率材料,使得元件的三阶球面像差为零。 可以选择轴向梯度折射率材料,使得具有约0和2.0之间的形状系数的类似构造的元件也具有零三阶球面像差。 另一个元件(20)可以完全由轴向梯度折射率材料形成。 优选地,折射率作为沿着光轴的至少距离的非线性函数而变化。 可以选择折射率函数和折射率变化,使得所选择的三阶像差在宽的形状因子范围内为零或一些恒定值。 元件(98)由具有轴向梯度分散的材料形成。 可以选择形状因子和色散梯度,使得该元素是消色差的。