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1. 发明授权

US06512517B1 Volume rendering integrated circuit 有权
标题翻译：体积渲染集成电路
公开(公告)号：US06512517B1
公开(公告)日：2003-01-28
申请号：US09315742
申请日：1999-05-20
申请人： James M. Knittel , Stephen R. Burgess , Kenneth W. Correll , Jan C. Hardenbergh , Christopher J. Kappler , Hugh C. Lauer , Stephen F. Mason , Takahide Ohkami , William R. Peet , Hanspeter Pfister , Beverly J. Schultz , Jay C. Wilkinson
发明人： James M. Knittel , Stephen R. Burgess , Kenneth W. Correll , Jan C. Hardenbergh , Christopher J. Kappler , Hugh C. Lauer , Stephen F. Mason , Takahide Ohkami , William R. Peet , Hanspeter Pfister , Beverly J. Schultz , Jay C. Wilkinson
IPC分类号： G06T1700
CPC分类号： G06T15/08 , G06T1/20 , G06T15/005 , G06T2200/28
摘要： A volume rendering integrated circuit includes a plurality of interconnected pipelines having stages operating in parallel. The stages of the pipelines are interconnected in a ring, with data being passed in only one direction around the ring. The volume integrated circuit also includes a render controller for controlling the flow of volume data to and from the pipelines and for controlling rendering operations of the pipelines. The integrated circuit may further include interfaces for coupling the integrated circuit to various storage devices and to a host computer.
摘要翻译：体绘制集成电路包括具有并行操作的多个相互连接的管道。管道的阶段以环形相互连接，数据仅在围绕环的一个方向上传递。音量集成电路还包括一个渲染控制器，用于控制到管道和从管道流出的数据流量，并用于控制管线的渲染操作。集成电路还可以包括用于将集成电路耦合到各种存储设备和主计算机的接口。

2. 发明授权

US06532017B1 Volume rendering pipeline 有权
标题翻译：卷渲染管道
公开(公告)号：US06532017B1
公开(公告)日：2003-03-11
申请号：US09315178
申请日：1999-05-20
申请人： James M. Knittel , Stephen R. Burgess , Jan C. Hardenbergh , Christopher J. Kappler , Hugh C. Lauer , William R. Peet , Takahide Ohkami , Hanspeter Pfister
发明人： James M. Knittel , Stephen R. Burgess , Jan C. Hardenbergh , Christopher J. Kappler , Hugh C. Lauer , William R. Peet , Takahide Ohkami , Hanspeter Pfister
IPC分类号： G06T120
CPC分类号： G06T15/005 , G06T15/08
摘要： A plurality of identical rendering pipelines are connected in parallel to read an array of voxels and to write an array of pixels. Each pipeline processes one voxel in one processing cycle of the pipelines. Each pipeline includes a plurality of serially connected different stages. The stages can include interpolation, classification, gradient estimation, illumination, and compositing stages. Interfaces connect identical stages in adjacent pipelines as one-way rings to communicate information associated with spatially adjacent voxels, and delay buffers connected parallel to particular stages communicate information associated with temporally adjacent voxels.
摘要翻译：多个相同的呈现管线并联连接以读取体素数组并写入像素阵列。每个管道在管道的一个处理循环中处理一个体素。每个管道包括多个串联连接的不同级。阶段可以包括插值，分类，梯度估计，照明和合成阶段。接口将相邻管道中的相同级连接为单向环以传送与空间相邻体素相关联的信息，并且与特定级并联连接的延迟缓冲器传送与时间相邻体素相关联的信息。

3. 发明授权

US06407737B1 Rendering a shear-warped partitioned volume data set 有权
标题翻译：渲染剪切变形的分区卷数据集
公开(公告)号：US06407737B1
公开(公告)日：2002-06-18
申请号：US09315400
申请日：1999-05-20
申请人： Tiecheng Zhao , Vishal C. Bhatia , Jan C. Hardenbergh , James M. Knittel , Hugh C. Lauer , Hanspeter Pfister
发明人： Tiecheng Zhao , Vishal C. Bhatia , Jan C. Hardenbergh , James M. Knittel , Hugh C. Lauer , Hanspeter Pfister
IPC分类号： G06T1700
CPC分类号： G06T15/10
摘要： A volume data set having voxels arranged according to an object coordinate system is shear-warp rendered by partitioning, relative to the object coordinate system, the volume data set into a plurality of axis aligned sets of voxels. The selected axis aligned sets of voxels are rendered as pixels in intermediate baseplanes. There is one intermediate baseplane for each selected set of axis aligned voxels. The intermediate baseplanes are combined and warped to an image.
摘要翻译：具有根据对象坐标系排列的体元的体数据集是通过相对于对象坐标系将体数据集分割成多个轴对齐的体元组而进行的剪切变形。所选择的轴对齐的体素集被渲染为中间基板中的像素。每个选定的一组轴对齐的体素有一个中间基准面。将中间基板组合并翘曲成图像。

4. 发明授权

US06421057B1 Configurable volume rendering pipeline 有权
标题翻译：可配置的卷渲染管道
公开(公告)号：US06421057B1
公开(公告)日：2002-07-16
申请号：US09353679
申请日：1999-07-15
申请人： Hugh C. Lauer , Larry D. Seiler , James M. Knittel , Kenneth W. Correll , Charidimos E. Gasparakis , Vikram Simha , Vishal C. Bhatia
发明人： Hugh C. Lauer , Larry D. Seiler , James M. Knittel , Kenneth W. Correll , Charidimos E. Gasparakis , Vikram Simha , Vishal C. Bhatia
IPC分类号： G06T120
CPC分类号： G06T15/005
摘要： A volume rendering pipeline includes a plurality of processing stages such as a gradient estimation stage, an interpolation stage, a classification stage, an illumination stage, and a compositing stage. The stages are connected to each other by multiplexers. A first multiplexer connects an output of a first stage to an input of a second stage. A second multiplexer connects an output of the second stage to an input of the first stage. A third multiplexer has inputs connected to the output of the first stage and the output of the second stage, the first, second, and third multiplexers are responsive to a select signal to configure the stages of the rendering pipeline for processing the volume data set.
摘要翻译：体绘制流水线包括多个处理阶段，例如梯度估计阶段，插值阶段，分类阶段，照明阶段和合成阶段。这些级通过多路复用器相互连接。第一多路复用器将第一级的输出连接到第二级的输入。第二多路复用器将第二级的输出连接到第一级的输入。第三复用器具有连接到第一级的输出和第二级的输出的输入，第一，第二和第三复用器响应于选择信号来配置用于处理卷数据集的渲染流水线的阶段。

5. 发明授权

US06313841B1 Parallel volume rendering system with a resampling module for parallel and perspective projections 失效
标题翻译：具有用于并行和透视投影的重采样模块的并行体绘制系统
公开(公告)号：US06313841B1
公开(公告)日：2001-11-06
申请号：US09059155
申请日：1998-04-13
申请人： Masato Ogata , TakaHide Ohkami , Hugh C. Lauer
发明人： Masato Ogata , TakaHide Ohkami , Hugh C. Lauer
IPC分类号： G06T1700
CPC分类号： G06T15/10
摘要： A volume rendering system re-samples voxels read from a voxel memory to generate samples along perspective rays cast from a center of projection using a level of detail value. Color computations are performed with the samples to produce pixels for a baseplane image. The level of detail is computed, at each plane of samples perpendicular to a principal viewing axis, from the current sample position and the distance between the center of projection and the baseplane; the principal viewing axis is the coordinate axis in a rendered volume most parallel with a viewing vector. The level of detail provides a measure of the distance between two neighboring perspective rays at each plane and is used to determine the number of voxels and weights for these voxels required to compute a single sample at each plane. Multi-resolution datasets prepared for different levels of details are used to simplify the resampling operation by limiting the number of voxels required to compute a single sample.
摘要翻译：体绘制系统重新对从体元记忆读取的体素进行重新采样，以使用一定程度的细节值从投影中心投射的透视光线生成样本。使用样本执行颜色计算，以生成基板图像的像素。在垂直于主观察轴的样本的每个平面处，从当前采样位置和投影中心与基板之间的距离计算细节水平; 主观察轴是与观看向量最平行的渲染卷中的坐标轴。细节水平提供了每个平面上两个相邻透视射线之间的距离的度量，并且用于确定在每个平面处计算单个样本所需的这些体素的体素数和权重。用于不同级别细节的多分辨率数据集用于通过限制计算单个样本所需的体素数来简化重采样操作。

6. 发明授权

US06424346B1 Method and apparatus for mapping samples in a rendering pipeline 有权
标题翻译：在渲染管道中映射样本的方法和装置
公开(公告)号：US06424346B1
公开(公告)日：2002-07-23
申请号：US09353673
申请日：1999-07-15
申请人： Kenneth W. Correll , Larry D. Seiler , Vikram Simha , Charidimos E. Gasparakis , Hugh C. Lauer
发明人： Kenneth W. Correll , Larry D. Seiler , Vikram Simha , Charidimos E. Gasparakis , Hugh C. Lauer
IPC分类号： G06T120
CPC分类号： G06T15/005
摘要： A method maps samples in a rendering pipelines. The samples are stored in a sample memory. Each sample has a plurality of fields. A descriptor is stored for each field in a field format register. Each sample is read from the memory into a mapping unit. The fields are extracted from each sample according to the corresponding descriptor, and forwarded in parallel to the rendering pipeline.
摘要翻译：一种方法在渲染管道中映射样本。样品存储在样品存储器中。每个样本都有多个场。为字段格式寄存器中的每个字段存储描述符。将每个样本从存储器读取到映射单元中。根据相应的描述符从每个样本中提取字段，并且并行转发到渲染管道。

7. 发明授权

US06654012B1 Early ray termination in a parallel pipelined volume rendering system 有权
标题翻译：并行流水线体绘制系统中的早期射线终止
公开(公告)号：US06654012B1
公开(公告)日：2003-11-25
申请号：US09410771
申请日：1999-10-01
申请人： Hugh C. Lauer , Larry D. Seiler , Charidimos E. Gasparakis , Vikram Simha , Kenneth W. Correll
发明人： Hugh C. Lauer , Larry D. Seiler , Charidimos E. Gasparakis , Vikram Simha , Kenneth W. Correll
IPC分类号： G06T1500
CPC分类号： G06T15/08
摘要： A method renders a volume data set as an image in a volume rendering system. The volume data set includes a plurality of voxels stored in a memory. The volume rendering system includes a plurality of parallel processing pipelines. The image includes a plurality of pixels stored in the memory. A set of rays are cast through the volume data set. The volume data set is partitioned into a plurality of sections aligned with the sets of rays. Voxels along each ray of each set are sequentially interpolated voxels in only one of the plurality of pipelines to generate samples only as long as the samples contribute to the image.
摘要翻译：一种方法将体数据集呈现为体绘制系统中的图像。体积数据集包括存储在存储器中的多个体素。体绘制系统包括多个并行处理流水线。图像包括存储在存储器中的多个像素。一组光线通过卷数据集投射。体积数据集被划分为与该组光线对齐的多个部分。沿着每个组的每个射线的体素仅在多个管线中的一个管道中依次插入体素，以便只要样本对图像有贡献就产生样本。

8. 发明授权

US06262740B1 Method for rendering sections of a volume data set 有权
标题翻译：渲染卷数据集的部分的方法
公开(公告)号：US06262740B1
公开(公告)日：2001-07-17
申请号：US09318430
申请日：1999-05-25
申请人： Hugh C. Lauer , Randy B. Osborne , Hanspeter Pfister
发明人： Hugh C. Lauer , Randy B. Osborne , Hanspeter Pfister
IPC分类号： G06T1700
CPC分类号： G06T15/08 , G06T1/60 , G06T15/005 , G06T15/40
摘要： A method renders a volume data set including a plurality of voxels. In the method, a). the volume data set is apportioned into a plurality of sections. Then, b). a first one of the plurality of sections is rendered by sequentially reading groups of voxels from an external memory and rendering the groups of voxels in the section. Then, c). any accumulated data from the rendering of the first one of the plurality of sections is stored in a temporary storage device. Then, a next one of the plurality of sections is rendered by sequentially reading groups of voxels of the next one of the plurality of sections from an external memory and rendering the groups of voxels, the rendering incorporating accumulated data from the temporary storage device, and then any accumulated data from the rendering of the next one of the plurality of sections is stored in the temporary storage device. Steps d and e are repeated until each of the plurality of sections of the volume data set have been rendered.
摘要翻译：一种方法呈现包括多个体素的体数据集。在该方法中，a）。音量数据集被分配成多个部分。然后，b）。通过从外部存储器中依次读取体素组并渲染该部分中的体素组来呈现多个部分中的第一部分。然后，c）。来自多个部分中的第一个部分的呈现的任何累积数据被存储在临时存储装置中。然后，通过从外部存储器顺序地读取多个部分中的下一个部分的体素组，并且渲染结合来自临时存储装置的累积数据的体素组，并渲染多个部分中的下一个部分，以及那么来自多个部分中的下一个部分的呈现的任何累积数据被存储在临时存储装置中。重复步骤d和e，直到卷数据集的多个部分中的每一个已被渲染。

9. 发明授权

US06219061B1 Method for rendering mini blocks of a volume data set 有权
标题翻译：用于绘制体数据集的小块的方法
公开(公告)号：US06219061B1
公开(公告)日：2001-04-17
申请号：US09320365
申请日：1999-05-25
申请人： Hugh C. Lauer , Randy B. Osborne , Hanspeter Pfister
发明人： Hugh C. Lauer , Randy B. Osborne , Hanspeter Pfister
IPC分类号： G06T1700
CPC分类号： G06T15/08 , G06T1/60 , G06T15/005 , G06T15/40
摘要： A volume graphics device renders a volume data set. The volume data set is apportioned into blocks of volume data, and each of the blocks are apportioned into a plurality of mini-blocks, each mini-block includes at least two voxels of volume data. The volume graphics device includes memory apportioned into a plurality of portions, wherein neighboring blocks of the volume data set are each stored in different ones of the plurality of portions of the memory, and wherein the mini-blocks of each block are stored in consecutive locations in the portion of memory associated with the associated block.
摘要翻译：卷图形设备呈现卷数据集。音量数据组被分配成音量数据的块，并且每个块被分配成多个微块，每个迷你块包括体数据的至少两个体素。体积图形装置包括分配到多个部分中的存储器，其中卷数据组的相邻块各自存储在存储器的多个部分的不同部分中，并且其中每个块的小块被存储在连续位置在与相关块相关联的存储器部分中。

10. 发明授权

US06483507B2 Super-sampling and gradient estimation in a ray-casting volume rendering system 有权
标题翻译：射线投射体绘制系统中的超采样和梯度估计
公开(公告)号：US06483507B2
公开(公告)日：2002-11-19
申请号：US09862901
申请日：2001-05-22
申请人： Randy B. Osborne , Ingmar Bitter , Hanspeter Pfister , James Knittel , Hugh C. Lauer
发明人： Randy B. Osborne , Ingmar Bitter , Hanspeter Pfister , James Knittel , Hugh C. Lauer
IPC分类号： G06T1500
CPC分类号： G06T15/08 , G06T15/005 , G06T15/10
摘要： A volume rendering processor renders a two-dimensional image from a volume data set of voxels constituting a three-dimensional representation of an object. Voxel memory interface logic retrieves the voxels from a voxel memory in a scanned order with respect to X, Y and Z coordinate axes, the Z axis being the axis most nearly parallel to a predefined viewing direction. The set of voxels having equal Z coordinate values are referred to as a “slice” of voxels. Interpolation logic calculates a sequence of samples from the retrieved voxels such that (i) each sample lies along a corresponding imaginary ray extending through the object parallel to the viewing direction, (ii) each sample results from interpolating the eight voxels surrounding the sample in the XYZ coordinate system. “Supersampling” in the Z dimension is performed such that the number of samples calculated for each ray is greater than the number of slices of voxels in the volume data set. Gradient calculation logic calculates for each sample respective gradients in the X, Y and Z directions for use by classification and illumination logic. The X and Y gradients are calculated from the samples emitted by the interpolation logic, and Z gradients are calculated by (i) calculating Z gradients at the voxel positions from voxel values retrieved from memory, and (ii) interpolating the voxel Z gradients to arrive at the Z gradients at the sample positions.
摘要翻译：体绘制处理器从构成对象的三维表示的体素数据集合呈现二维图像。体素存储器接口逻辑以相对于X，Y和Z坐标轴的扫描顺序从体素存储器检索体素，Z轴是最接近平行于预定观察方向的轴。具有相等Z坐标值的一组体素被称为体素的“切片”。插值逻辑从所检索的体素计算样本序列，使得（i）每个样本沿着平行于观察方向延伸穿过物体的相应假想射线位于（ii）每个样本由内插样本周围的八个体素 XYZ坐标系。执行Z维度中的“超采样”，使得针对每个射线计算的样本数量大于体数据集中体素的数量。梯度计算逻辑计算X，Y和Z方向上每个样本各个梯度的分类和照明逻辑使用的梯度。由内插逻辑发射的样本计算X和Y梯度，并且（i）通过（i）从存储器检索的体素值计算体素位置处的Z梯度来计算Z梯度，以及（ii）内插体素Z梯度以到达在Z样品位置的梯度。

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