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    • 4. 发明授权
    • Electrical circuit protection devices comprising PTC conductive liquid
crystal polymer compositions
    • 包括PTC导电液晶聚合物组合物的电路保护装置
    • US5691689A
    • 1997-11-25
    • US514201
    • 1995-08-11
    • James D. B. SmithKarl F. Schoch, Jr.Selami Y. PusatciogluXiaoyun Shirley Lai
    • James D. B. SmithKarl F. Schoch, Jr.Selami Y. PusatciogluXiaoyun Shirley Lai
    • C08G69/32C08G63/06C08G63/181C08G63/19C08G69/26C08G69/44H01C7/02H01C7/13H01G4/12H02H3/08H02H9/02H01C7/10
    • H01C7/028H01C7/02H01G4/1227
    • Electrical circuit protection devices containing PTC elements comprised of conductive polymers which exhibit PTC behavior and are used to protect a load in an electrical circuit, in which the PTC conductive polymers are based on highly crystalline and highly ordered liquid crystal polymers and particulate conductive fillers dispersed therein, which are cross-linked by radiation. These circuit protection devices operate as automatically resettable current limiters and are particularly useful for protecting motors, solenoids, telephone lines and batteries, and for enhancing circuit interruption capability when used in conjunction with breakers and contactors. The liquid crystal polymers include aromatic polyesters, e.g., poly(p-phenylene terephthalate) and poly(p-hydroxybenzoate); aromatic copolyesters, e.g., poly(p-hydroxybenzoate-co-2,6-hydroxynaphthoate), poly(deca-methyleneterephthaloyl di-p-hydroxybenzoate, and poly(ethylene terephthalate-co-oxybenzoate); aromatic copolyester amides, e.g., poly(2,6-hydroxy-naphoate-phenoxyaminoterephthoate); aromatic polyamides, e.g., poly(p-phenylene terephthalamide), Kevlar, poly(p-benzamide), poly(2-chloro-1,4-phenylene terephthalamide), poly(p,p'-biphenylamide), and poly(2,6-napthalamide); aromaticpolyazomethines, e.g., poly (nitro-2-methyl-1,4-phenylenenitriloethylidine-1,4-phenylenethylidine), poly(nitrilo-2-methyl-1,4-phenylenenitrilomethylidine-1,4-phenylenemethylidine), and poly(nitrolo-2-chloro-1,4-phenylenenitrilomethylidine-1,4-phenylenemethylidine); and, blends thereof. The particulate conductive fillers include carbon black, carbon fibers, graphite, and metal flakes.
    • 电路保护装置包含由导电聚合物组成的PTC元件,其表现为PTC行为并用于保护电路中的负载,其中PTC导电聚合物基于分散在其中的高度结晶和高度有序的液晶聚合物和颗粒状导电填料 ,它们通过辐射交联。 这些电路保护装置作为自动可复位限流器工作,特别适用于保护电动机,螺线管,电话线和电池,并在与断路器和接触器结合使用时增强电路中断能力。 液晶聚合物包括芳族聚酯,例如聚(对苯二甲酸对苯二甲酸酯)和聚(对羟基苯甲酸酯); 芳族共聚酯,例如聚(对羟基苯甲酸酯 - 共-2,6-羟基萘甲酸酯),聚(对 - 亚甲基对苯二甲酰二对羟基苯甲酸酯和聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯 - 共 - 苯氧基苯甲酸酯);芳族共聚酯酰胺,例如聚( 聚对苯二甲酰对苯二甲酰胺),聚(对 - 苯甲酰胺),聚(2-氯-1,4-亚苯基对苯二甲酰胺),聚(对 - 苯甲酰胺) ,对联苯酰胺)和聚(2,6-萘二胺);芳族多取氮甲基,例如聚(硝基-2-甲基-1,4-亚苯基三乙烯基-1,4-苯基亚乙基),聚(亚硝基-2-甲基 - 1,4-亚苯基亚乙基三亚甲基-1,4-亚苯基亚甲基)和聚(亚硝基-2-氯-1,4-亚苯基三亚甲基-1,4-亚苯基亚甲基);及其混合物,颗粒状导电填料包括炭黑,碳纤维 ,石墨和金属薄片。
    • 8. 发明授权
    • Conductive liquid compositions and electrical circuit protection devices
comprising conductive liquid compositions
    • 导电液体组合物和包含导电液体组合物的电路保护装置
    • US5581192A
    • 1996-12-03
    • US350299
    • 1994-12-06
    • John J. SheaJames D. B. SmithKarl F. Schoch, Jr.
    • John J. SheaJames D. B. SmithKarl F. Schoch, Jr.
    • H01H29/00H01H29/06H01H33/16H01H71/24G01R31/00
    • H01H29/06H01H29/004H01H33/162H01H71/24
    • Novel conductive liquid compositions which have low resistivity when carrying an applied steady-state current (I.sub.Steady-State) but exhibit sharp increases in resistivity when subject to an applied fault current (I.sub.Fault). When used in circuit protection devices, the novel conductive liquid compositions having low resistivity are contained within an elongated flexible tube sealed by electrodes electrically connected to a load of an electrical circuit. The conductive liquid compositions carry an applied normal current under steady-state conditions. The flexible tube is deformed by radial contraction transverse to the direction of current flow and axial expansion, when an excessive current of fault magnitude is sensed by an actuator electrically connected to the electrodes and mechanically connected to the flexible tube to apply a deformation force on the tube, thereby causing the current path of the conductive liquid compositions to have high resistivity in order to limit the let through current to a safe value (I.sub.Limited). When the excessive current is removed, the deformation is correspondingly removed and the conductive liquid composition automatically reverts back to its original low resistivity state. The invention has specific applications as automatically resettable fuses or current limiters.
    • 新型导电液体组合物在承载施加的稳态电流(ISteady-State)时具有低电阻率,但在受到施加的故障电流(IFault)时呈现电阻率的急剧增加。 当用于电路保护装置时,具有低电阻率的新型导电液体组合物被包含在由电连接到电路的负载的电极密封的细长柔性管中。 导电液体组合物在稳态条件下携带施加的正常电流。 柔性管通过横向于电流和轴向膨胀方向的径向收缩而变形,当故障幅度的过大电流被电连接到电极的致动器感测并机械地连接到柔性管以在其上施加变形力时 从而导致导电液体组合物的电流路径具有高电阻率,以便将通过电流限制到安全值(ILimited)。 当去除过大的电流时,相应地去除变形,并且导电液体组合物自动地回复到其原始的低电阻率状态。 本发明具有可自动复位的保险丝或电流限制器的具体应用。
    • 10. 发明授权
    • Electrical circuit protection devices comprising conductive liquid
compositions
    • 包括导电液体组合物的电路保护装置
    • US5471185A
    • 1995-11-28
    • US350291
    • 1994-12-06
    • John J. SheaJames D. B. SmithKarl F. Schoch, Jr.
    • John J. SheaJames D. B. SmithKarl F. Schoch, Jr.
    • H01H29/00H01H29/06H01H71/24
    • H01H29/06H01H29/004H01H71/24
    • The invention provides an electrical circuit protection device using a conductive liquid contained in a flexible tube contacted and sealed at each end by an annular metal electrode capped by a flexible membrane. The flexible tube is further sealed inside a solid insulating tube which contains a ferromagnetic liquid. The ferromagnetic liquid surrounds the flexible tube and remains in intimate contact with the outside of the flexible tube and is connected to a load sensing element which generates a magnetic field in the ferromagnetic fluid in response to excessive currents applied in the current path through the conductive liquid between the electrodes. This assembly is contained inside a tubular resistor. Under normal current conditions, a current flows through the conductive liquid which has relatively low resistivity. Upon a fault condition, a self generated magnetic field from the fault current causes the ferromagnetic fluid to rapidly constrict and pinch off current flow in the conductive liquid by constricting the current path in the liquid through deformation of the flexible capsule, i.e., by radial contraction and axial expansion. The current is then preferably commutated to the cylindrical resistor to limit the let through current to a safe value. Once the fault is limited, the magnetic field is dissipated and the flexible membranes force the conductive liquid and ferromagnetic fluid back to its their original position and the conductive liquid accordingly automatically reverts back to low resistivity for normal current conduction.
    • 本发明提供了一种电路保护装置,其使用包含在柔性管中的导电液体,每个端部由柔性膜覆盖的环形金属电极接触和密封。 柔性管进一步密封在含有铁磁性液体的固体绝缘管内。 铁磁液体围绕柔性管并且保持与柔性管的外部紧密接触并且连接到负载感测元件,该负载感测元件响应于在电流路径中施加的过大电流而在铁磁流体中产生磁场,该电流通过导电液体 在电极之间。 该组件包含在管状电阻器内。 在正常电流条件下,电流流过具有较低电阻率的导电液体。 在故障状态下,来自故障电流的自产生的磁场使得铁磁性流体通过使柔性胶囊的变形(即通过径向收缩)收缩液体中的电流路径,迅速收缩并夹紧导电液体中的电流 和轴向膨胀。 然后,电流优选地换向圆柱形电阻器,以将通过电流限制到安全值。 一旦故障受到限制,磁场就会消散,柔性膜会迫使导电液体和铁磁性流体回到其原始位置,导电液体会自动回复到低电阻,以保持正常的电流传导。