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1. 发明授权

US07622216B2 Supports for fuel cell catalysts 有权
标题翻译：支持燃料电池催化剂
公开(公告)号：US07622216B2
公开(公告)日：2009-11-24
申请号：US11415358
申请日：2006-05-01
申请人： Ion C. Halalay , Belabbes Merzougui , Michael K. Carpenter , Swathy Swathirajan , Gregory C. Garabedian , Andrew M. Mance , Mei Cai
发明人： Ion C. Halalay , Belabbes Merzougui , Michael K. Carpenter , Swathy Swathirajan , Gregory C. Garabedian , Andrew M. Mance , Mei Cai
IPC分类号： H01M4/00 , B01J27/22
CPC分类号： H01M4/921 , H01M4/8605 , H01M4/8647 , H01M4/92 , H01M4/925 , H01M4/926 , H01M8/08 , H01M8/083 , H01M8/086 , H01M8/1007 , H01M2004/8689 , H01M2008/1095
摘要： The durability of a fuel cell having a polymer electrolyte membrane with an anode on one surface and an oxygen-reducing cathode on the other surface is improved by substituting electrically conductive titanium carbide or titanium nitride particles for carbon particles as oxygen-reducing and hydrogen-oxidizing catalyst supports. For example nanosize platinum particles deposited on nanosize titanium carbide or titanium nitride support particles provide good oxygen reduction capability and are corrosion resistant in an acid environment. It is preferred that the catalyst-on-titanium carbide (nitride) particles be mixed with non-catalyst-bearing carbon in the electrode material for improved electrode performance.
摘要翻译：通过用导电碳化钛或氮化钛颗粒代替碳颗粒作为氧还原和氢氧化来改善具有在一个表面上具有阳极的聚合物电解质膜和另一表面上的除氧阴极的燃料电池的耐久性催化剂载体。例如，沉积在纳米尺寸碳化钛或氮化钛载体颗粒上的纳米级铂颗粒提供良好的氧还原能力，并且在酸性环境中具有耐腐蚀性。优选的是，在电极材料中将碳化钛催化剂（氮化物）颗粒与不含催化剂的碳混合以改善电极性能。

2. 发明授权

US08557485B2 Tungsten-containing hydrogen-storage materials for anodes of PEM fuel cells 有权
标题翻译：含有PEM燃料电池阳极的含钨储氢材料
公开(公告)号：US08557485B2
公开(公告)日：2013-10-15
申请号：US12332440
申请日：2008-12-11
申请人： Ion C. Halalay , Belabbes Merzougui , Gregory C. Garabedian , Michael P. Balogh , Swathy Swathirajan
发明人： Ion C. Halalay , Belabbes Merzougui , Gregory C. Garabedian , Michael P. Balogh , Swathy Swathirajan
IPC分类号： H01M4/02
CPC分类号： H01M8/04216 , H01M4/8647 , H01M4/92 , H01M4/926 , H01M8/1007
摘要： The incorporation of tungsten-containing hydrogen spillover materials into a composite fuel cell anode can be helpful in preserving the carbon catalyst support materials in the fuel cell cathode during periods of hydrogen starvation. Preferred examples of such tungsten-containing hydrogen spillover materials are tungsten oxides and tungsten silicides. These materials, when physically mixed with catalyst-loaded carbon support particles in a composite anode, have shown the ability to promote hydrogen storage in amounts that, during a disruption of hydrogen gas flow, can postpone an anodic potential excursion into the oxygen evolution region for a period of at least several seconds.
摘要翻译：将含钨氢气溢出物质掺入复合燃料电池阳极可有助于在氢气饥饿期间保持燃料电池阴极中的碳催化剂载体材料。这种含钨氢气溢出材料的优选实例是钨氧化物和硅化钨。这些材料在复合阳极中与催化剂负载的碳载体颗粒物理混合时已经显示出促进氢储存的能力，其量在氢气流动破坏期间可以将阳极电位偏移推迟到氧气进入区域至少几秒的时间。

3. 发明申请

US20100151295A1 ANODE MATERIALS FOR PEM FUEL CELLS 有权
标题翻译： PEM燃料电池的阳极材料
公开(公告)号：US20100151295A1
公开(公告)日：2010-06-17
申请号：US12332440
申请日：2008-12-11
申请人： Ion C. Halalay , Belabbes Merzougui , Gregory C. Garabedian , Michael P. Balogh , Swathy Swathirajan
发明人： Ion C. Halalay , Belabbes Merzougui , Gregory C. Garabedian , Michael P. Balogh , Swathy Swathirajan
IPC分类号： H01M8/10
CPC分类号： H01M8/04216 , H01M4/8647 , H01M4/92 , H01M4/926 , H01M8/1007
摘要： The incorporation of tungsten-containing hydrogen spillover materials into a composite fuel cell anode can be helpful in preserving the carbon catalyst support materials in the fuel cell cathode during periods of hydrogen starvation. Preferred examples of such tungsten-containing hydrogen spillover materials are tungsten oxides and tungsten silicides. These materials, when physically mixed with catalyst-loaded carbon support particles in a composite anode, have shown the ability to promote hydrogen storage in amounts that, during a disruption of hydrogen gas flow, can postpone an anodic potential excursion into the oxygen evolution region for a period of at least several seconds.
摘要翻译：将含钨氢气溢出物质掺入复合燃料电池阳极可有助于在氢气饥饿期间保持燃料电池阴极中的碳催化剂载体材料。这种含钨氢气溢出材料的优选实例是钨氧化物和硅化钨。这些材料在复合阳极中与催化剂负载的碳载体颗粒物理混合时已经显示出促进氢储存的能力，其量在氢气流动破坏期间可以将阳极电位偏移推迟到氧气进入区域至少几秒的时间。

4. 发明申请

US20080118818A1 SUPPORTS FOR FUEL CELL CATALYSTS BASED ON TRANSITION METAL SILICIDES 有权
标题翻译：基于过渡金属硅的燃料电池催化剂支持
公开(公告)号：US20080118818A1
公开(公告)日：2008-05-22
申请号：US11562712
申请日：2006-11-22
申请人： Belabbes Merzougui , Ion C. Halalay , John T. Johnson , Gregory C. Garabedian , Michael P. Balogh , Swathy Swathirajan
发明人： Belabbes Merzougui , Ion C. Halalay , John T. Johnson , Gregory C. Garabedian , Michael P. Balogh , Swathy Swathirajan
IPC分类号： H01M8/02 , B01J21/06 , B01J21/18
CPC分类号： H01M4/90 , H01M4/9091 , H01M4/92 , H01M4/925 , H01M4/96 , H01M2008/1095
摘要： An electrocatalyst for fuel cell applications includes a catalyst support and a noble metal or noble metal-based alloy catalyst supported upon the catalyst support. The catalyst support characteristically includes a Group IV-VI transition metal silicide with or without the mixing of carbon. A fuel cell incorporating the electrocatalyst into the anode and/or cathode is disclosed. Such fuel cell exhibit improved cycling and operating performance.
摘要翻译：用于燃料电池应用的电催化剂包括催化剂载体和负载在催化剂载体上的贵金属或贵金属基合金催化剂。催化剂载体的特征在于包括具有或不具有碳的混合物的IV-VI族过渡金属硅化物。公开了将电催化剂并入阳极和/或阴极的燃料电池。这种燃料电池表现出改善的循环和操作性能。

5. 发明授权

US07767330B2 Conductive matrices for fuel cell electrodes 有权
标题翻译：燃料电池电极导电基体
公开(公告)号：US07767330B2
公开(公告)日：2010-08-03
申请号：US11415346
申请日：2006-05-01
申请人： Belabbes Merzougui , Ion C. Halalay , Michael K. Carpenter , Swathy Swathirajan
发明人： Belabbes Merzougui , Ion C. Halalay , Michael K. Carpenter , Swathy Swathirajan
IPC分类号： H01M4/86 , H01M4/92
CPC分类号： H01M4/90 , H01M4/86 , H01M4/9075 , H01M4/92 , H01M4/925 , H01M8/1004 , H01M2004/8689 , H01M2008/1095
摘要： The durability of a fuel cell having a polymer electrolyte membrane with an anode on one surface and an oxygen-reducing cathode on the other surface is improved by replacing conductive carbon matrix materials in an electrode with a matrix of electrically conductive metal compound particles. The electrode includes a catalyst supported on a nanosize metal oxides and electrically conductive nanosize matrix particles of a metal compound. One or more metal compounds such as a boride, carbide, nitride, silicide, carbonitride, oxyboride, oxycarbide, or oxynitride of a metal such as cobalt, chromium, nickel, molybdenum, neodymium niobium, tantalum, titanium, tungsten, vanadium, and zirconium is suitable. For example, the combination of platinum particles deposited on titanium dioxide support particles mixed in a conductive matrix of titanium carbide particles provides an electrode with good oxygen reduction capability and corrosion resistance in an acid environment.
摘要翻译：通过用导电金属化合物颗粒的基体代替电极中的导电性碳基体材料，改善了具有在一个表面上具有阳极的聚合物电解质膜和另一表面上的除氧阴极的燃料电池的耐久性。电极包括负载在纳米尺寸金属氧化物上的催化剂和金属化合物的导电纳米尺寸基质颗粒。金属如钴，铬，镍，钼，钕，铌，钽，钛，钨，钒和锆的一种或多种金属化合物，例如硼化物，碳化物，氮化物，硅化物，碳氮化物，氧硼化物，碳氧化物或氧氮化物适合。例如，沉积在二氧化钛载体颗粒上的铂颗粒的组合在碳化钛颗粒的导电基质中混合提供了在酸性环境中具有良好的氧还原能力和耐腐蚀性的电极。

6. 发明授权

US07579116B2 Fluoride ion scavenger for fuel cell components 有权
标题翻译：氟化物离子清除剂用于燃料电池组件
公开(公告)号：US07579116B2
公开(公告)日：2009-08-25
申请号：US11097457
申请日：2005-04-01
申请人： Andrew M. Mance , Belabbes Merzougui , Ion C. Halalay
发明人： Andrew M. Mance , Belabbes Merzougui , Ion C. Halalay
IPC分类号： H01M6/18 , H01M6/04 , H01M6/16 , H01M4/58 , H01M8/08
CPC分类号： H01M8/1023 , H01M4/8605 , H01M4/8652 , H01M8/1004 , H01M8/1039 , H01M8/1051
摘要： A fuel cell having a polymer electrolyte membrane containing fluorine atoms distributed along the polymer chains, and metal conductors and/or catalysts, is protected from fluoride ion degradation of the metal components by a fluoride ion sequestering agent fixed in the cell or flowing through the cell. In a preferred embodiment, the fluoride ion scavenger comprises a suitable number of azacrown moieties attached to polymer constituents in the electrolyte membrane or in electrodes.
摘要翻译：一种具有聚合物电解质膜的燃料电池，其具有沿着聚合物链分布的氟原子，以及金属导体和/或催化剂，通过固定在电池中或流过电池的氟离子螯合剂来保护金属成分的氟离子降解。在优选的实施方案中，氟离子清除剂包含与电解质膜或电极中的聚合物组分连接的合适数量的偶氮染料部分。

7. 发明授权

US07465333B1 Cavitation process for products from precursor halides 有权
标题翻译：前体卤化物产品的气蚀过程
公开(公告)号：US07465333B1
公开(公告)日：2008-12-16
申请号：US11465180
申请日：2006-08-17
申请人： Ion C. Halalay , Michael P. Balogh , Michael K. Carpenter
发明人： Ion C. Halalay , Michael P. Balogh , Michael K. Carpenter
IPC分类号： B22F9/24 , B22F9/30 , B01J19/08 , B01J19/10 , C22B34/10 , C22B34/12 , B01D47/02 , C01G23/02 , B06B1/20
CPC分类号： B22F9/24 , Y10S423/12
摘要： A precursor halide compound is reduced to a predetermined product at substantially ambient conditions. The halide is added to an anhydrous liquid reaction medium containing one or more alkali metals or alkaline earth metals as reductants. The metal reductants are dispersed as very small globules in the liquid by cavitation of the liquid, such as by application of high intensity ultrasonic vibrations or high-shear mixing to the reaction vessel. Continued cavitation of the liquid medium affects low temperature reduction of the precursor halide(s) to produce a metal, metal alloy, metal compound, ceramic material, metal matrix-ceramic composite material, or the like. The practice may be applied, for example, to titanium tetrachloride, alone or with other chlorides, to produce titanium metal, titanium alloys (for example Ti-6Al-4V), and titanium compounds (TiSi2).
摘要翻译：在基本环境条件下将前体卤化物化合物还原成预定的产物。将卤化物加入到含有一种或多种碱金属或碱土金属作为还原剂的无水液体反应介质中。金属还原剂通过液体的空化作为非常小的小球分散在液体中，例如通过对反应容器施加高强度超声振动或高剪切混合。液体介质的持续气穴影响前体卤化物的低温还原，以产生金属，金属合金，金属化合物，陶瓷材料，金属基体陶瓷复合材料等。该实践可以例如单独或与其它氯化物一起应用于四氯化钛，以生产钛金属，钛合金（例如Ti-6Al-4V）和钛化合物（TiSi 2）。

8. 发明授权

US07381240B2 Platinum particles with varying morphology 有权
标题翻译：具有不同形态的铂颗粒
公开(公告)号：US07381240B2
公开(公告)日：2008-06-03
申请号：US11560471
申请日：2006-11-16
申请人： Michael K. Carpenter , Ion C. Halalay
发明人： Michael K. Carpenter , Ion C. Halalay
IPC分类号： B22F9/20 , B22F9/24 , B22F9/02 , B01J37/34 , C22C5/04 , B01J13/00
CPC分类号： B22F1/0018 , B22F1/0048 , B22F9/26 , B22F2999/00 , B82Y30/00 , Y10S977/777 , Y10S977/948 , B22F2201/013 , B22F2201/10 , B22F2202/01
摘要： Nanometer to micrometer sized particles containing platinum and having selected morphologies are prepared by a sonochemical process. A compound of platinum is dissolved, suspended, or diluted in a suitable liquid medium at a predetermined concentration and the liquid is maintained at a predetermined temperature from sub-ambient temperatures to above ambient temperatures. A reducing gas is bubbled through the liquid as it is subjected to cavitation at a controlled power to affect the reductive decomposition of the platinum compound. The morphology of the precipitated platinum particles can be varied widely by varying the described concentration, temperature and power parameters.
摘要翻译：通过声化学方法制备纳米至微米级的含有铂并具有选定形态的颗粒。以预定浓度将铂化合物溶解，悬浮或稀释在合适的液体介质中，并将液体保持在从低于环境温度至高于环境温度的预定温度。当还原气体以受控的功率进行气蚀以使铂化合物还原分解时，还原气体被鼓泡通过液体。通过改变所述的浓度，温度和功率参数，可以广泛地改变沉淀的铂颗粒的形态。

9. 发明申请

US20080295645A1 CAVITATION PROCESS FOR PRODUCTS FROM PRECURSOR HALIDES 有权
标题翻译：来自前身的产品的加工工艺
公开(公告)号：US20080295645A1
公开(公告)日：2008-12-04
申请号：US11465180
申请日：2006-08-17
申请人： Ion C. Halalay , Michael P. Balogh , Michael K. Carpenter
发明人： Ion C. Halalay , Michael P. Balogh , Michael K. Carpenter
IPC分类号： C22B34/10 , B22F9/24
CPC分类号： B22F9/24 , Y10S423/12
摘要： A precursor halide compound is reduced to a predetermined product at substantially ambient conditions. The halide is added to an anhydrous liquid reaction medium containing one or more alkali metals or alkaline earth metals as reductants. The metal reductants are dispersed as very small globules in the liquid by cavitation of the liquid, such as by application of high intensity ultrasonic vibrations or high-shear mixing to the reaction vessel. Continued cavitation of the liquid medium affects low temperature reduction of the precursor halide(s) to produce a metal, metal alloy, metal compound, ceramic material, metal matrix-ceramic composite material, or the like. The practice may be applied, for example, to titanium tetrachloride, alone or with other chlorides, to produce titanium metal, titanium alloys (for example Ti-6Al-4V), and titanium compounds (TiSi2).
摘要翻译：在基本环境条件下将前体卤化物化合物还原成预定的产物。将卤化物加入到含有一种或多种碱金属或碱土金属作为还原剂的无水液体反应介质中。金属还原剂通过液体的空化作为非常小的小球分散在液体中，例如通过对反应容器施加高强度超声振动或高剪切混合。液体介质的持续气穴影响前体卤化物的低温还原，以产生金属，金属合金，金属化合物，陶瓷材料，金属基体陶瓷复合材料等。该实践可以例如单独或与其它氯化物一起应用于四氯化钛，以生产钛金属，钛合金（例如Ti-6Al-4V）和钛化合物（TiSi 2）。

10. 发明授权

US08524415B2 Carbon-titanium oxide electrocatalyst supports for oxygen reduction in PEM fuel cells 有权
标题翻译：碳氧化钛电催化剂载体用于PEM燃料电池中的氧还原
公开(公告)号：US08524415B2
公开(公告)日：2013-09-03
申请号：US12897472
申请日：2010-10-04
申请人： Mei Cai , Suresh K. Donthu , Martin S. Ruthkosky , Ion C. Halalay
发明人： Mei Cai , Suresh K. Donthu , Martin S. Ruthkosky , Ion C. Halalay
IPC分类号： H01M8/10 , H01M4/38 , H01M4/02 , H01M4/88 , B01J23/00
CPC分类号： H01M8/0243 , H01M4/9075 , H01M4/9083 , H01M8/0234 , H01M2008/1095 , Y02P70/56
摘要： A high surface area support material is formed of an intimate mixture of carbon clusters and titanium oxide clusters. A catalytic metal, such as platinum, is deposited on the support particles and the catalyzed material used as an electrocatalyst in an electrochemical cell such as a PEM fuel cell. The composite material is prepared by thermal decomposition and oxidation of an intimate mixture of a precursor carbon polymer, a titanium alkoxide and a surfactant that serves as a molecular template for the mixed precursors.
摘要翻译：高表面积的支撑材料由碳簇和氧化钛簇的紧密混合物形成。在诸如PEM燃料电池的电化学电池中的载体颗粒和用作电催化剂的催化材料上沉积催化金属如铂。复合材料通过前体碳聚合物，钛醇盐和用作混合前体的分子模板的表面活性剂的紧密混合物的热分解和氧化来制备。

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