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    • 2. 发明授权
    • LUT-based system for simulating sensor-assisted perception of terrain
    • 基于LUT的系统,用于模拟传感器辅助的地形感知
    • US06735557B1
    • 2004-05-11
    • US09418949
    • 1999-10-15
    • Javier CastellarLuis A. BarcenaIgnacio Sanz-PastorWilliam P. McGovern
    • Javier CastellarLuis A. BarcenaIgnacio Sanz-PastorWilliam P. McGovern
    • G06G748
    • G06T15/00G06T17/05G06T19/003G06T19/006
    • A set of specially-configured LUT's are used in a rasterizing portion of a graphics system for simulating Sensor-assisted Perception of Terrain (SaPOT) so that simulation of the image produced by a given sensor can proceed rapidly and with good accuracy at a per-texel level of resolution. More specifically, terrain texels-defining memory is provided with a plurality of addressable texel records where each record contains: (a) one or more material identification fields (MID's); (b) one or more mixture fields (MIX's) for defining mixture proportions for the materials; and (c) slope-defining data for defining a surface slope or normal of the corresponding texel. A sky-map LUT is provided for simulating the act of looking up to the sky along the normal surface vector of a given texel to thereby obtain a reading of the sky's contribution of illumination to that terrain texel. A reflectance LUT is provided for simulating the act of reflecting filtered radiation (light) off the material surface of the given terrain texel to thereby obtain a reading of the amount of light that the surface of the texel will reflect. The reflectance and sky contribution factors are multiplied to obtain a per-texel signal representing the amount sensor-detectable light produced from each terrain texel. A generally similar approach is taken to determine what amount of sensor-detectable, black body radiation will be produced from each terrain texel. Each terrain texel is simulated as having a specifiable mixture of plural surface materials. Each terrain texel is allowed to be shadowed during different times and the per-texel shadowing is accounted for.
    • 一组特殊配置的LUT用于图形系统的光栅化部分,用于模拟传感器辅助的地形感知(SaPOT),使得由给定传感器产生的图像的模拟可以在每秒钟的速度下以高精度进行, 纹素水平的分辨率。 更具体地,地形纹理定义存储器被提供有多个可寻址纹素记录,其中每个记录包含:(a)一个或多个材料标识字段(MID); (b)用于定义材料的混合比例的一个或多个混合区域(MIX); 和(c)用于定义相应纹素的表面斜率或法线的斜率定义数据。 提供了一种天空地图LUT,用于模拟沿给定纹素的正常表面向量仰视天空的行为,从而获得天空对该地形纹素的照明贡献的读数。 反射率LUT被提供用于模拟从给定地形纹素的材料表面反射经滤波的辐射(光)的行为,从而获得纹素表面将反射的光量的读数。 将反射率和天空贡献因子相乘以获得表示从每个地形纹素产生的传感器可检测光的量的每个纹理信号。 采取一般的相似方法来确定从每个地形纹理纹素产生的传感器可检测的黑体辐射量。 每个地形纹理模拟为具有多种表面材料的可指定混合物。 每个地形纹理纹理被允许在不同的时间被遮蔽,并且考虑到每个纹理的阴影。
    • 6. 发明授权
    • Method and apparatus for radiometrically accurate texture-based lightpoint rendering technique
    • 用于放射学精确的基于纹理的光点渲染技术的方法和装置
    • US06445395B1
    • 2002-09-03
    • US09707418
    • 2000-11-06
    • Luis A. BarcenaNacho Sanz-PastorJavier Castellar
    • Luis A. BarcenaNacho Sanz-PastorJavier Castellar
    • G06T1100
    • G06T15/04
    • A method and apparatus for rendering lightpoints is provided. For the method of the present invention, a programmer creates a series of texture maps. Each texture map approximates the lobe of a lightpoint at a respective distance from the lightpoint. Each texture map includes transparency texture information. This allows the lightpoint to correctly model fog and other atmospheric conditions. The series of texture maps are encoded in a mipmap associated with the lightpoint. During use, a simulation environment renders the lightpoint using a billboarding technique. The billboarding technique keeps the lobe of the lightpoint oriented towards the eye point. The simulation environment dynamically tracks the distance from the lightpoint to the eye point. Each time the distance changes, the simulation environment selects an appropriate texture map from the mipmap. The appropriate texture map is the texture map that correctly depicts the lightpoint at the distance between the eye point and the lightpoint. In cases where no appropriate texture map exists, the simulation environment generates an interpolated texture map. The simulation environment then applies the selected or generated texture map during rendering of the lightpoint. The result is that the lightpoint is realistically depicted over a wide range of distances.
    • 提供了一种用于渲染光点的方法和装置。 对于本发明的方法,程序员创建一系列纹理贴图。 每个纹理贴图近似于距离光点相应距离处的光点的波瓣。 每个纹理贴图包括透明纹理信息。 这允许光点正确地模拟雾和其他大气条件。 一系列纹理贴图被编码在与光点相关联的mipmap中。 在使用过程中,模拟环境使用广告牌技术渲染光点。 广告牌技术使光点的眼睛朝向眼点。 模拟环境动态跟踪从光点到眼点的距离。 每次距离变化时,模拟环境都会从mipmap中选择合适的纹理贴图。 适当的纹理贴图是正确描绘了眼点和光点之间距离处的光点的纹理图。 在不存在适当纹理图的情况下,模拟环境生成内插纹理贴图。 然后,仿真环境在渲染光点期间应用所选或生成的纹理贴图。 结果是在很宽的距离范围内实际描绘了光点。
    • 8. 发明授权
    • Sensor and display-independent quantitative per-pixel stimulation system
    • 传感器和显示独立的定量每像素刺激系统
    • US08203503B2
    • 2012-06-19
    • US11222897
    • 2005-09-08
    • Javier CastellarDavid Lloyd Morgan, III
    • Javier CastellarDavid Lloyd Morgan, III
    • G09G5/00G09B9/08
    • G09G5/06G06F3/147G09B9/30G09G3/006G09G5/04G09G2320/0242G09G2320/029G09G2360/145G09G2380/12
    • Sensor independent display characterization system spectrally characterizes a display system to measure radiant power emitted by the display system that displays a video image to a trainee pilot during sensor stimulation. A sensor spectral response for each wavelength produced by the stimulated sensor is determined. A stimulated luminance for each color level of the displayed image or for a range of color levels is computed. A color look up table that maps computed stimulated luminance to a set of stimulating color values is generated. When a trainee pilot looks at the displayed image using a sensor having a sensor response that was used in computing the stimulated luminance, the pilot will see an image that was created by simulated spectral rendering. The displayed image is an accurate, display and sensor independent image that the pilot can see during the real flight.
    • 传感器独立的显示表征系统光谱地表征显示系统,以测量显示系统发射的辐射功率,在传感器刺激期间将视频图像显示给受训驾驶员。 确定由受激传感器产生的每个波长的传感器光谱响应。 计算显示图像的每个颜色级别或颜色级别范围的受激亮度。 生成将计算出的受激亮度映射到一组刺激色值的颜色查找表。 当实习飞行员使用具有用于计算受激亮度的传感器响应的传感器来观察所显示的图像时,飞行员将看到由模拟的光谱渲染产生的图像。 显示的图像是飞行员在实际飞行中可以看到的准确,显示和传感器独立的图像。
    • 9. 发明申请
    • Sensor and display-independent quantitative per-pixel stimulation system
    • 传感器和显示独立的定量每像素刺激系统
    • US20070236516A1
    • 2007-10-11
    • US11222897
    • 2005-09-08
    • Javier CastellarDavid Morgan
    • Javier CastellarDavid Morgan
    • G09G5/10
    • G09G5/06G06F3/147G09B9/30G09G3/006G09G5/04G09G2320/0242G09G2320/029G09G2360/145G09G2380/12
    • Sensor independent display characterization system spectrally characterizes a display system to measure radiant power emitted by the display system that displays a video image to a trainee pilot during sensor stimulation. A sensor spectral response for each wavelength produced by the stimulated sensor is determined. A stimulated luminance for each color level of the displayed image or for a range of color levels is computed. A color look up table that maps computed stimulated luminance to a set of stimulating color values is generated. When a trainee pilot looks at the displayed image using a sensor having a sensor response that was used in computing the stimulated luminance, the pilot will see an image that was created by simulated spectral rendering. The displayed image is an accurate, display and sensor independent image that the pilot can see during the real flight.
    • 传感器独立的显示表征系统光谱地表征显示系统,以测量显示系统发射的辐射功率,在传感器刺激期间将视频图像显示给受训驾驶员。 确定由受激传感器产生的每个波长的传感器光谱响应。 计算显示图像的每个颜色级别或颜色级别范围的受激亮度。 生成将计算出的受激亮度映射到一组刺激色值的颜色查找表。 当实习飞行员使用具有用于计算受激亮度的传感器响应的传感器来观察所显示的图像时,飞行员将看到由模拟的光谱渲染产生的图像。 显示的图像是飞行员在实际飞行中可以看到的准确,显示和传感器独立的图像。