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1. 发明授权

US07929334B2 In-situ resistance measurement for magnetic random access memory (MRAM) 有权
标题翻译：磁性随机存取存储器（MRAM）的原位电阻测量
公开(公告)号：US07929334B2
公开(公告)日：2011-04-19
申请号：US12361588
申请日：2009-01-29
申请人： Hari Rao , Sei Seung Yoon , Xiaochun Zhu , Mohamed Abu-Rahma
发明人： Hari Rao , Sei Seung Yoon , Xiaochun Zhu , Mohamed Abu-Rahma
IPC分类号： G11C11/00 , G11C11/14 , G11C7/00 , G11C7/02
CPC分类号： G11C11/1653 , G11C7/14 , G11C11/1655 , G11C11/1673
摘要： A method of measuring resistance of a magnetic tunnel junction (MTJ) of an MRAM memory cell includes applying a voltage of a selected level to a memory cell comprising an MTJ in series with a memory cell transistor in a conducting state. A current through the memory cell is determined. A variable voltage is applied to a replica cell not having an MTJ and comprising a replica cell transistor in a conducting state. A value of the variable voltage is determined, wherein a resulting current through the replica cell is substantially the same as the current through the memory cell. The MTJ resistance is computed by taking the difference of the memory cell voltage and the determined variable replica cell voltage and dividing the result by the determined memory cell current.
摘要翻译：一种测量MRAM存储单元的磁性隧道结（MTJ）的电阻的方法包括将一个所选电平的电压施加到一个与导通状态的存储单元晶体管串联的MTJ的存储单元。确定通过存储单元的电流。可变电压被施加到不具有MTJ并且包括处于导通状态的复制单元晶体管的复制单元。确定可变电压的值，其中通过复制单元的结果电流与通过存储单元的电流基本相同。通过取存储单元电压和确定的可变副本单元电压的差值并将结果除以所确定的存储单元电流来计算MTJ电阻。

2. 发明申请

US20100188894A1 IN-SITU RESISTANCE MEASUREMENT FOR MAGNETIC RANDOM ACCESS MEMORY (MRAM) 有权
标题翻译：磁性随机存取存储器（MRAM）的现场电阻测量
公开(公告)号：US20100188894A1
公开(公告)日：2010-07-29
申请号：US12361588
申请日：2009-01-29
申请人： Hari Rao , Sei Seung Yoon , Xiaochun Zhu , Mohamed Hassan Abu-Rahma
发明人： Hari Rao , Sei Seung Yoon , Xiaochun Zhu , Mohamed Hassan Abu-Rahma
IPC分类号： G11C11/14 , G01R27/08 , G11C8/00
CPC分类号： G11C11/1653 , G11C7/14 , G11C11/1655 , G11C11/1673
摘要： A method of measuring resistance of a magnetic tunnel junction (MTJ) of an MRAM memory cell includes applying a voltage of a selected level to a memory cell comprising an MTJ in series with a memory cell transistor in a conducting state. A current through the memory cell is determined. A variable voltage is applied to a replica cell not having an MTJ and comprising a replica cell transistor in a conducting state. A value of the variable voltage is determined, wherein a resulting current through the replica cell is substantially the same as the current through the memory cell. The MTJ resistance is computed by taking the difference of the memory cell voltage and the determined variable replica cell voltage and dividing the result by the determined memory cell current.
摘要翻译：一种测量MRAM存储单元的磁性隧道结（MTJ）的电阻的方法包括将一个所选电平的电压施加到一个与导通状态的存储单元晶体管串联的MTJ的存储单元。确定通过存储单元的电流。可变电压被施加到不具有MTJ并且包括处于导通状态的复制单元晶体管的复制单元。确定可变电压的值，其中通过复制单元的结果电流与通过存储单元的电流基本相同。通过取存储单元电压和确定的可变副本单元电压的差值并将结果除以所确定的存储单元电流来计算MTJ电阻。

3. 发明授权

US10111469B2 Vaporizers having top air intake and electronic cigarette having the same 有权
公开(公告)号：US10111469B2
公开(公告)日：2018-10-30
申请号：US15201635
申请日：2016-07-05
申请人： Xiaochun Zhu
发明人： Xiaochun Zhu
IPC分类号： A24F47/00 , B65B3/04 , F16J15/02 , H05B3/42
摘要： Electronic cigarettes may include an electronic cigarette, and a replaceable vaporizer assembly. Electronic cigarette may include an electronic cigarette body, and a replaceable vaporizer assembly. In certain embodiments, the electronic cigarette body may include a mouthpiece, an E-liquid storage tank, an E-liquid refill cap, a mounting ring, a connector, and a vaporizer mounting base having an internal thread. The replaceable vaporizer assembly may include an external thread of a vaporizer assembly base. The replaceable vaporizer assembly may be replaced by removing the mouthpiece, unscrewing the replaceable vaporizer assembly to detach the external thread of the vaporizer assembly base from the internal thread of the vaporizer mounting base, pulling up the replaceable vaporizer assembly, replacing a new replaceable vaporizer assembly, and reinstalling the mouthpiece back in place. The electronic cigarette includes a top adjustable air intake. The mouthpiece may be used to adjust the air intake by rotating the mouthpiece.

4. 发明授权

US09883699B2 Heating element for replaceable vaporizer assembly and electronic cigarettes 有权
公开(公告)号：US09883699B2
公开(公告)日：2018-02-06
申请号：US15203795
申请日：2016-07-07
申请人： Xiaochun Zhu
发明人： Xiaochun Zhu
IPC分类号： A24F47/00 , H05B3/42
CPC分类号： A24F47/008 , H05B3/42 , H05B2203/021
摘要： Present disclosure relates to a heating tube, a replaceable vaporizer assembly and an electronic cigarette having the replaceable vaporizer assembly. In certain embodiments, the electronic cigarette may include an electronic cigarette body, and a replaceable vaporizer assembly. The electronic cigarette body may include a mouthpiece installed in a mouthpiece base, a connector base, a mounting base defining multiple air intake openings, an E-liquid storage tank, and a connector. The mounting base and the connector base are threadedly connected through an internal thread of mounting base and an external thread of connector base to form an air chamber inside the mounting base and connector base. When in operation, outside air enters the air chamber through the multiple air intake openings and is vaporized by the replaceable vaporizer assembly, goes up through multiple air gaps between the mounting base and the connector base, and exits the electronic cigarette body through the mouthpiece.

5. 发明申请

US20180027874A1 Top Refillable Electronic Cigarettes 审中-公开
公开(公告)号：US20180027874A1
公开(公告)日：2018-02-01
申请号：US14759737
申请日：2015-06-19
申请人： Xiaochun Zhu
发明人： Xiaochun Zhu
IPC分类号： A24F47/00 , F22B1/28 , H05B3/03
CPC分类号： A24F47/008 , F22B1/284 , H05B3/03
摘要： Certain aspects of present invention relate to a top refillable e-cigarette, having movable cylindrical e-cigarette assembly, stationary top connecting assembly, and air adjustment assembly. Stationary top connecting assembly is positioned on top of air adjustment assembly. Movable cylindrical e-cigarette assembly may be slid upwards to open an e-liquid refill port against stationary top connecting assembly so e-liquid is refilled at top. Movable cylindrical electronic cigarette assembly has an e-liquid storage tank inside, and a vaporizer body support threadedly connect to a mouthpiece assembly and a sliding base. Stationary top connecting assembly defining a vapor passage in the center of the stationary top connecting assembly configured to allow vaporized e-liquid from the vaporizer to pass through to the mouthpiece assembly. A vaporizer is positioned inside the stationary top connecting assembly. Air adjustment assembly is configured to allow a user to adjust amount of air intake to the top refillable electronic cigarette.

6. 发明授权

US09799989B1 Rotating connector and electronic cigarettes having the rotating connector 有权
公开(公告)号：US09799989B1
公开(公告)日：2017-10-24
申请号：US15206308
申请日：2016-07-10
申请人： Xiaochun Zhu
发明人： Xiaochun Zhu
IPC分类号： H01R13/62 , H01R13/631 , H01R13/639 , A24F47/00
CPC分类号： H01R13/631 , A24F47/008 , H01R13/639
摘要： Present disclosure relates to a power connector assembly. The power connector assembly includes a vaporizer connector portion and a power module connector portion. The vaporizer connector portion includes a vaporizer connector body forming a negative terminal of the vaporizer connector portion and a locking mechanism. The power module connector portion includes a power module connector body forming a negative terminal of the power module connector portion and the locking mechanism. When locking mechanism of power module connector portion is engaged in a locking position with the locking mechanism of the vaporizer connector portion, a positive terminal of the power module connector portion is electrically coupled to a positive terminal of the vaporizer connector portion, and a negative terminal of the power module connector portion is electrically coupled to a negative terminal of the vaporizer connector portion, respectively, to provide electric power to the vaporizer connector portion from a power module.

7. 发明授权

US09795169B1 Replaceable vaporizer assembly and electronic cigarette having the same 有权
公开(公告)号：US09795169B1
公开(公告)日：2017-10-24
申请号：US15201634
申请日：2016-07-05
申请人： Xiaochun Zhu
发明人： Xiaochun Zhu
IPC分类号： A24F47/00 , H05B3/42 , B65B3/04 , F16J15/02
CPC分类号： A24F47/008 , B65B3/04 , F16J15/021 , H05B3/42 , H05B2203/021
摘要： Electronic cigarettes may include an electronic cigarette, and a replaceable vaporizer assembly. Electronic cigarette may include a mouthpiece, an E-liquid storage tank, an E-liquid storage tank cover, a cylindrical connector, and a vaporizer mounting base having an internal thread. The replaceable vaporizer assembly may include a vaporizer assembly mounting base having an external thread of the vaporizer assembly mounting base. The replaceable vaporizer assembly may be replaced by removing mouthpiece, rotating cylindrical connector to misalign a first and a second cylindrical connector openings of cylindrical connector against a first and a second vaporizer assembly mounting base openings of the vaporizer assembly mounting base to prevent E-liquid leakage, rotating replaceable vaporizer assembly through vaporizer central air passage tube to detach vaporizer assembly mounting base from vaporizer mounting base, pulling up the replaceable vaporizer assembly, replacing a new replaceable vaporizer assembly, and reinstalling the mouthpiece back in place.

8. 发明申请

US20160106153A1 HEATING ASSEMBLIES FOR E-CIGARETTE VAPORIZERS 审中-公开
标题翻译：电子烟气加热装置
公开(公告)号：US20160106153A1
公开(公告)日：2016-04-21
申请号：US14573925
申请日：2014-12-17
申请人： Xiaochun Zhu
发明人： Xiaochun Zhu
IPC分类号： A24F47/00 , H05B1/02 , H05B3/44 , F22B1/28
CPC分类号： A24F47/008 , F22B1/284 , H05B1/0297 , H05B3/44
摘要： The present invention relates to vaporizer heating assemblies for electronic cigarettes. In certain embodiments, vaporizer heating assemblies include: heating assembly and electric conductor assembly. Heating assembly includes: heating assembly covers, round heating element mounting base, heating elements, and e-liquid media. Heating elements have heating wires formed in a large surface to ensure sufficient vaporization of e-liquid. Heating assembly covers define certain e-liquid conduit openings to allow the e-liquid to flow from outside of the heating assembly covers into the e-liquid media. The heating elements are in direct contact with the e-liquid media to generate large amount of vapor for its user. Electric conductor assembly includes: an electric connector base for a first terminal of heating elements, an electrode for a second terminal of heating elements, and an insulation cover to insulate the electric connector base and the electrode. Electric conductor assembly is positioned in a lower portion of heating assembly.
摘要翻译：本发明涉及电子香烟的蒸发器加热组件。在某些实施例中，蒸发器加热组件包括：加热组件和电导体组件。加热组件包括：加热组件盖，圆形加热元件安装座，加热元件和电子液体介质。加热元件具有形成在大表面上的加热丝，以确保电子液体的充分蒸发。加热组件盖限定某些电液导管开口，以允许e液体从加热组件盖的外部流入电液体介质。加热元件与e液体介质直接接触，为使用者产生大量的蒸气。电导体组件包括：用于加热元件的第一端子的电连接器基座，用于加热元件的第二端子的电极，以及绝缘盖，用于绝缘电连接器基座和电极。电导体组件位于加热组件的下部。

9. 发明授权

US09245608B2 Thermally tolerant perpendicular magnetic anisotropy coupled elements for spin-transfer torque switching device 有权
标题翻译：用于自旋传输转矩开关装置的耐热垂直磁各向异性耦合元件
公开(公告)号：US09245608B2
公开(公告)日：2016-01-26
申请号：US13571406
申请日：2012-08-10
申请人： Wei-Chuan Chen , Kangho Lee , Xiaochun Zhu , Seung H. Kang
发明人： Wei-Chuan Chen , Kangho Lee , Xiaochun Zhu , Seung H. Kang
IPC分类号： H01L43/08 , G11C11/16 , G11C11/15
CPC分类号： H01L43/02 , G11C11/15 , G11C11/16 , G11C11/161 , H01L43/08 , H01L43/10 , H01L43/12
摘要： Perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (PMA) type magnetic random access memory cells are constructed with a composite PMA layer to provide a magnetic tunnel junction (MTJ) with an acceptable thermal barrier. A PMA coupling layer is deposited between a first PMA layer and a second PMA layer to form the composite PMA layer. The composite PMA layer may be incorporated in PMA type MRAM cells or in-plane type MRAM cells.
摘要翻译：垂直磁各向异性（PMA）型磁性随机存取存储单元由复合PMA层构成，以提供具有可接受热障的磁隧道结（MTJ）。在第一PMA层和第二PMA层之间沉积PMA结合层以形成复合PMA层。复合PMA层可以并入PMA型MRAM细胞或平面内MRAM细胞中。

10. 发明授权

US09189201B2 Entropy source with magneto-resistive element for random number generator 有权
标题翻译：熵源与随机数发生器的磁阻元件
公开(公告)号：US09189201B2
公开(公告)日：2015-11-17
申请号：US13367322
申请日：2012-02-06
申请人： David M. Jacobson , Xiaochun Zhu , Wenqing Wu , Kendrick Hoy Leong Yuen , Seung H. Kang
发明人： David M. Jacobson , Xiaochun Zhu , Wenqing Wu , Kendrick Hoy Leong Yuen , Seung H. Kang
IPC分类号： G06F7/58
CPC分类号： G06F7/588 , G06F5/01 , G06F2205/00 , G06F2207/581 , G11C11/1659 , G11C11/1673 , G11C11/1695 , G11C11/1697 , H03M7/30
摘要： An entropy source and a random number (RN) generator are disclosed. In one aspect, a low-energy entropy source includes a magneto-resistive (MR) element and a sensing circuit. The MR element is applied a static current and has a variable resistance determined based on magnetization of the MR element. The sensing circuit senses the resistance of the MR element and provides random values based on the sensed resistance of the MR element. In another aspect, a RN generator includes an entropy source and a post-processing module. The entropy source includes at least one MR element and provides first random values based on the at least one MR element. The post-processing module receives and processes the first random values (e.g., based on a cryptographic hash function, an error detection code, a stream cipher algorithm, etc.) and provides second random values having improved randomness characteristics.
摘要翻译：公开了熵源和随机数（RN）生成器。一方面，低能量熵源包括磁阻（MR）元件和感测电路。 MR元件施加静态电流，并具有基于MR元件的磁化确定的可变电阻。感测电路感测MR元件的电阻，并根据检测到的MR元件的电阻提供随机值。另一方面，RN发生器包括熵源和后处理模块。熵源包括至少一个MR元素，并且基于至少一个MR元素提供第一随机值。后处理模块接收并处理第一随机值（例如，基于加密散列函数，错误检测码，流密码算法等）并提供具有改进的随机特性的第二随机值。

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